*3.2. Quantification of Phenolics Contents and Antioxidant Activities of In Vitro-Induced Calli and Conventionally Propagated Plant of Bougainvillea glabra*

3.2.1. Total Phenolic Acid and Total Flavonoid Content

The results showed that the content of total phenolic acid, total flavonoid, and antioxidant properties except for iron (II) chelating activity of conventionally propagated nodal segment of *B. glabra* were significantly different (*p* ≤ 0.05) from the in vitro-induced calli under light and dark incubation conditions (Tables 3–5). The aqueous extract of the node recorded the highest total phenolic acid followed by aqueous extract of the calli induced under photoperiod. In addition, there were no significant differences between the aqueous extract of calli induced under the dark condition and the ethanol extract of node and calli induced under photoperiod and dark conditions. The results also showed no significant differences between acetone extract of the node and calli induced under photoperiod and dark conditions. Meanwhile, the lowest amount of TPC was obtained from hexane extract of the node, but there were no significant differences between hexane extract of node and calli induced under photoperiod and dark conditions.


**Table 3.** Total phenolic acids and flavonoids contents of node and in vitro-induced calli of *Bougainvillea glabra*.

Values are means ± SE, the same letter within the same column for each factor indicates no significant difference (*p* < 0.05). The means separation is done using Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT).

In total flavonoid content analysis, the highest value was recorded from aqueous extract of the node, followed by ethanol extract of the node. On the other hand, the lowest TFC was obtained from hexane extract of the node and calli induced under photoperiod, and dark conditions ranged between 0.88 and 1 mg RE/g DW, respectively.
