**5. Conclusions**

The present study describes a comprehensive and dependable approach for in vitro shoot regeneration, multiplication, and ex vitro establishment from axillary node explants of *P. amboinicus*, which will provide an alternative method for its mass multiplication and conservation as well as a source of material for commercial use and medicinal demands. For the first time, genetic homogeneity and true-to-type character of in vitro raised plants were confirmed by SPAR markers such as DAMD and ISSR, as well as flow cytometric analyses, ensuring the availability of legitimate raw materials for commercial production of the plant and its biologically active molecules.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.F.; methodology, M.F. and A.A.A.; validation, M.F. and A.A.A.; formal analysis, M.F. and A.A.A.; investigation, M.F. and A.A.A.; resources, M.F. and A.A.A.; data curation, M.F.; writing—original draft preparation, M.F.; writing—review and editing, M.F. and A.A.A.; project administration, M.F. and A.A.A.; funding acquisition, M.F. and A.A.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This study was supported by the Researchers Supporting Project (RSP-2021/86), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors are thankful to the Researchers Supporting Project (RSP-2021/86), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for financial support.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

#### **References**

