Chemicals and Reagents

Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, potassium persulphate, iron (II) chloride, sodium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, gallic acid, sodium nitrite, sodium carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexane, methanol, acetone, and ethyl alcohol were purchased from (R&M Chemical, Selangor, Malaysia). 2,2 -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ABTS was purchased from (Alfa Aesar, Mumbai, India). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH (Sigma-Aldrich, Baden-Württemberg, Germany). Ferrozine reagent (Acros Organics, Burgenland, Austria), rutin hydrate (Sigma, China), Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2 carboxylic acid) (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China). N6-benzylaminopurine (R&M Chemical, Cardiff, UK), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (BDH, Poole, UK), streptomycin sulfate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), gelrite (Duchefa Biochemie, Haarlem, The Netherlands), Clorox® (Clorox Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), Polysorbate 20 or Tween 20 (YKL Multi Sdn. Bhd., Bukit Mertajam, Malaysia) were also used in the study. All of the chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
