*3.5. Plantlets Adaptation to Ex Vitro Conditions*

After being acclimatized to changes in temperature, humidity, and water loss, the invitro-propagated plantlets (4.0–5.0 cm in length, with 3–4 leaves (Figure 7a)) were directly planted on two soil types. The results presented in Table 4 show that the mean survival rate of in vitro plantlets on the two soil types reached 75.6–83.3% after a month of planting and 41.1–48.9% after 3 months of planting (Figure 7b,d). Among the two soil types studied, "Fasco" bio-soil produced a higher survival rate of 83.3% after a month of planting and 48.9% after 3 months of planting. The plantlets grew on this soil type better (mean length of 23.3 cm and a mean number of leaves of 5.7). The corresponding results when planting on "Garden Star" soil were all lower (Figure 7c,e).

**Figure 7.** Effect of acclimatization of in-vitro-propagated black cardamom plantlets after transfer in the greenhouse conditions: (**a**) in-vitro-propagated plantlets; plantlets after 1 (**b**) and 3 (**d**) months of planting on "Fasco" bio-soil; plantlets after 1 (**c**) and 3 (**e**) months of planting on "Garden Star" soil. Scale bar = 2 cm.

**Table 4.** Effect of different soil types on efficiency of black cardamom plantlet adaptation and their morphometric characteristics.


<sup>1</sup> Mean ± standard error.
