*Article* **Seed Priming with Sulfhydral Thiourea Enhances the Performance of** *Camelina sativa* **L. under Heat Stress Conditions**

**Ejaz Ahmad Waraich 1,\*, Muhammad Ahmad 1, Walid Soufan 2, Muhammad Taimoor Manzoor 1, Zahoor Ahmad 3, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman <sup>4</sup> and Ayman EL Sabagh 5,\***


**Abstract:** Temperature is a key factor influencing plant growth and productivity; however, temperature fluctuations can cause detrimental effects on crop growth. This study aimed to assess the effect of seed priming on *Camelina sativa* L. under heat stress. Experimental treatments were comprised of; seed priming including, no-priming, hydropriming (distilled water priming), and osmopriming (thiourea applications at 500 ppm), heat stress (control = 20 ◦C and heat stress = 32 ◦C), and camelina varieties (7126 and 8046). Heat stress hammered crop growth as relative water content and photosynthetic rate were reduced by 35.9% and 49.05% in 7126, respectively, and 25.6% and 41.2% in 8046 as compared with control-no thiourea applied. However, osmopriming with thiourea improved the root and shoot length, and biomass production compared to control–no application under heat stress, with more improvement in variety 8046 as compared with 7126. Moreover, the maximum values of gas exchange and water relations were recorded at thiourea priming and no stress as compared with no-priming under heat stress that helped to improve seed yield by 12% in 7126 and 15% in 8046, respectively. Among the varieties, camelina variety 8046 showed better performance than 7126 by producing higher seed yield especially when subjected to thiourea priming. In conclusion, thiourea seed priming helped the plants to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress by upregulating plant physiological attributes that lead to maintain camelina seed yield.

**Keywords:** gas exchange; hydropriming; osmoprimimg; water relations; yield
