*2.1. Crop Husbandry*

The pot experiment was laid out under completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangements and three replications. Camelina seeds (10 seeds) were sown in plastic pots (36/24 cm) containing 5 kg of sand, while each pot was considered as a biological replicate. Camelina seeds were obtained from the Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Sand was sieved to opt-out all the contaminants, and then field capacity was calculated through proper procedure. The experiment was comprised of three factors: (a) seed priming; TU0 = control-no priming, TU1 = hydropriming (water priming), and TU2 = osmopriming (TU primming at 500 ppm), (b) heat stress; control—20/18 ◦C day/night and heat stress—32/22 ◦C day and night at 65 days after sowing (DAS), and (c) camelina varieties (7126 and 8046). The screening experiment was done at stress physiology laboratory, which led us to select the one resistant (8046) and one susceptible (7126) variety for this study. The Hoagland solution (NH4H2PO4 1 mM; Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 4 mM; KNO3 6 mM; MnCl2·4H2O 9.1 μM; H3BO3 46.2 μM; CuSO4·5H2O 0.3 μM; ZnSO4·7H2O 0.8 μM; MgSO4·7H2O 2 mM; Fe–Na2–EDTA 0.1 mM.) was applied for the nutritional requirements of camelina. The application of Hoagland solution was done at the time of sowing and topped up after every fortnight.

Seeds of both varieties were separately soaked for the hydro-priming and osmopriming (TU solution) for 6 h. For hydro-priming, seeds were soaked in the distilled water for 6 h while TU (500 ppm) solution was used for the osmopriming, and continuous aeration was provided by using an aquarium pump to avoid anxious conditions. The experiment was comprised of 36 pots and grouped into two sets containing 18 pots in each, which were grown under the same conditions until heat stress was applied on one set. Stress was induced just before the onset of the flowering stage by increasing the temperature of the growth room from 20 ◦C (control) to 32 ◦C (heat stress). The experiment was performed in a growth room having a mechanized unit of cooling, heating, light (∼12,000 lux), and humidifier/dehumidifier adjustment systems. Relative humidity (70%) was maintained in the growth rooms and water was provided regularly for achieving the field capacity to prevent drought stress. Then, the temperature was gradually increased by 2 ◦C each day to avoid any heat shock to seedlings till it reached 32/22 ◦C day/night. The stress lasts for 10 days as it reached to maximum temperature and came back with the same way. Gas exchange attributes were measured at 76 DAS after imposition of stress, while growth parameters were measured at 80 DAS, while seed yield and related parameters were measured at 108 DAS.
