*2.2. Gene Structure and Conserved Domain Analysis of TaPAL Genes*

The online Gene Structure Display Server GSDS 2.0 (http://gsds.gao-lab.org/, accessed on 20 May 2021) [33] was used to examine the gene structure by comparing the open reading frame (ORF) sequence with the corresponding genomic sequences. The conserved motifs of TaPAL protein analysis were determined by MEME Suit (Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation) Version 4.12.0 (http://meme-suite.org/tools/meme, accessed on 25 May 2021) [34] using the following parameters: the number of motifs to be found was ten, and the motif width was kept between 10 and 200; site distribution was set at zero or one occurrence per sequence (thus each sequence was allowed to contain at most one occurrence of each motif)**.** The chromosomal location was drawn on respective chromosomes. The molecular weight (g/mol), isoelectric point, protein charge, and the subcellular location were retrieved from UniProt (https://www.uniprot.org, accessed on 28 May 2021) [35]. The conserved domains of TaPAL proteins were examined using the Unipro UGENE software package [36], which joined the sequences into alignment by the ClustalW algorithm and displayed conservation in the form of color patterns differentiating each amino acid based on physiochemical properties. Protein domain analysis was also performed by using TaPAL1 protein sequence and SMART database containing Pfam domain search option (https://pfam.xfam.org/, accessed on 18 November 2021), and confirmed through the InterPro (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/, accessed on 18 November 2021) database [37].
