*4.3. TaTLP Genes Control Plant Response to Hormones and Abiotic and Biotic Stresses*

To further investigate the response of *TaTLP*s to abiotic stress, the expression patterns of 40 putative *TaTLP*s in wheat were determined using a heatmap analysis and confirmed through qRT-PCR to analyze the expression patterns in various tissues and under temperature stress (Figures 7 and 10). TaTLP genes were induced to varying degrees under multiple conditions, including high temperature, GA, exogenous ABA, and low iron deficiency stress. Due to their immobility, plants face abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses can significantly reduce crop yields by impeding their physiological and biochemical processes [35,36]. Modern research breakthroughs have relied heavily on understanding the impact of changing climate. The underlying mechanism in systematic temporal variation is complex and challenging to comprehend. Our current results showed that many *TaTLP* genes, such as *TaTLP16, TaTLP20, TaTLP22*, and *TaTLP24*, displayed upregulated expression patterns under different degrees of temperature stress. The findings of this study are consistent with those of previous studies [11,12,25]. GA is a plant hormone involved in seed germination, phase transition, flowering, fruit, and grain development [37–39]. Here, *TaTLP40, TaTLP11, TaTLP2, TaTLP9, TaTLP12, TaTLP34, TaTLP13, TaTLP35, TaTLP30, TaTLP22, TaTLP23, TaTLP3 TaTLP19, TaTLP38, TaTLP17, TaTLP1*, and *TaTLP27* showed higher expression levels under GA treatment (Figure 8). Our findings suggest that genes may be involved in GA-mediated plant growth activities, but more research is needed. Most *TaTLP* genes showed a decrease in expression in response to ABA, FG, and a combination of these factors, in addition to low iron deficiency stress.

#### **5. Conclusions**

This study identified and analyzed 40 *TLPs* in wheat (*Triticum aestivum* L*.)*. We performed a comprehensive analysis of *TaTLPs* that included gene identification, phylogenetic analysis, chromosomal location, protein–protein interactions, cis-regulatory elements, and expression analysis. Forty *TaTLP*s were identified and classified into three subfamilies based on their domain and structural characteristics. A heatmap analysis revealed the expression of *TaTLPs* in different cultivars in response to biotic and hormonal stress. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression patterns under high temperature and in various wheat tissues were significantly high, suggesting that these genes may play a

role in wheat resistance mediation. Stress regulation is also a complicated mechanism to comprehend. The in-silico analysis provided valuable information for future functional stress biology studies. More research is needed to fully understand the regulation and pathways of the mechanism of *TaTLPs* in wheat.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, software, validation, visualization, writing—original draft, A.A.; investigation, formal analysis, software, validation, writing—review and editing, A.Z.; writing—review and editing, S.H.; writing—review and editing, S.G.; writing—review and editing, Y.D.; writing—review and editing, R.T.; conceptualization, methodology, resources, supervision, writing—review and editing, M.Z.; conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, supervision, writing—review and editing, X.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was jointly supported by the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System (JATS[2021]503), the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (XKYCX20\_020), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0200500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901433, 31771711), Jiangsu Modern Agricultural (Wheat) Industry Technology System, Pilot Projects of the Central Cooperative Extension Program for Major Agricultural Technologies, The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and The Science and Technology Innovation Team of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
