**3. Results**

### *3.1. Growth Parameters*

Analysis of variance showed that TU supplementation significantly affected the growth parameters in camelina varieties under different environments compared to control– no TU (Table 1). Heat stress reduced the growth attributes in camelina varieties, while more reduction was noted in camelina with no TU supplementation under heat stress. Plant height was reduced by 23.7% and 30.5% in 8046 and 7126, respectively, under heat stress as compared to control-no stress. Different growth parameters such as plant height, root length, root-shoot length, and their fresh and dry weight were significantly improved with TU priming under normal as well as heat stress conditions (Table 1). Nevertheless, plant height was improved by 27.5% in 8046 and 19.4% in 7126, respectively, which showed higher improvement in variety 8046 compared with 7126 with TU priming compared to control-no TU. Results showed that seed priming with TU performed better in all the mentioned characters and improved these growth characters under normal temperature (control) as well as under high-temperature stress conditions. In addition, camelina variety 8046 performed better for all growth parameters with osmopriming under normal and heat stress conditions compared to 7126 (Table 1). Maximum values of growth attributes including plant height (64.5 cm) and root length (17.2 cm) were observed at TU2 (TU

priming), T1 (22 ◦C), and V2 (8046), while minimum values of growth attributes including plant height (33.6 cm) and root length (7.38 cm) were observed at TU0 (control-no priming), T2 (32 ◦C), and V1 (7126). Among the seed priming, hydro-priming showed an increase of 8.99% in plant height and TU-seed priming showed an increase of 23.6% in plant height as compared to control-no priming.

**Table 1.** Impact of thiourea priming and heat stress on growth parameters of two camelina varieties.


Values (mean ± standard deviation, *n* = *3*), TU0 = No thiourea priming, TU1 = Water priming, TU2 = Thiourea priming; LSD = least significant difference; values sharing same case letter or without lettering for a parameter do not differ significantly (*p* ≤ 0.05) by the LSD test.

> Among the interactions, TU × T was significant for plant height, root and shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. The interaction, TU × V was significant for plant height, root length, root fresh weight, and shoot dry weight in camelina. The interaction, V × T was significant for plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight.
