*3.5. Effect of Heat Stress on Cell Membrane Stability (CMS%)*

CMS is used to assess the stress tolerance ability of plant cells under abiotic stresses. We observed that most of the GSR lines showed higher CMS% than the controls except NGSR-5, NGSR-14, NGSR-15, NGSR-21, and NGSR-22. Highest CMS% was observed in NGSR-3, followed by NGSR-9, NGSR-13, and NGSR-16, while Kashmir Basmati showed the maximum CMS% of the control variants (Figure 5C).
