*3.3. Yield and Related Attributes*

Analysis of variance showed that TU seed priming significantly affected the yield attributes in camelina varieties under high temperature stress (Table 1). Heat stress decreased the growth attributes in camelina varieties, while more reduction was noted with no-TU applications (Table 3).

**Figure 1.** Impact of thiourea priming (TU0 = control–no application, TU1 = Water priming, TU2 = Thiourea priming (500 ppm) and heat stress (32 ◦C) on water potential (−MPa) and osmotic potential (−MPa) on camelina genotypes 7126 and 8046. Error bars above means indicate the ±S.E. Means sharing the same letter in both varieties do not differ significantly at *p* ≤ 0.05.

Thousand seed weight was reduced by 28% in 8046 and 33.5% in 7126, respectively, under heat stress conditions as compared to control–no stress. Yield traits such as the number of silicle per plant, number of seeds per silicle, thousand seed weight, and yield per pot were significantly higher under TU treatment as compared to control–no TU under heat stress conditions (Table 3). However, seed weight was improved by 41.2%, and seed yield was improved by 65.6% with TU priming compared to control–no TU. Among the varieties, seed yield was improved by 63% in 8046 and 58.7% in 7126 which showed that seed yield was improved 11.7% more in 8046 as compared 7126 (Table 3). Maximum values of yield attributes including seed yield per pot (3.91 g) was observed at TU2 (TU priming), T1 (22 ◦C), and V2, while minimum values of yield attributes including photosynthetic rate (0.59 g) was observed at TU0 (control–no priming), T2 (32 ◦C), and V1 (7126). Among the seed priming, hydro-priming showed an increase of 15.05% in seed yield and TU–seed priming showed an increase of 60.9% in seed yield as compared to control-no priming.

Among the interactions, TU × T was significant for the number of silicle/plant, number of seeds/silicle, and seed yield. The interaction, TU × V was significant for number of seeds/silicle and T × V was significant for seed yield. The interaction, TU × T × V was significant for seed yield.

**Figure 2.** Impact of thiourea priming (TU0 = control–no application, TU1 = Water priming, TU2 = Thiourea priming (500 ppm) and heat stress (32 ◦C) on pressure potential (MPa) and relative water content (MPa) on camelina genotypes 7126 and 8046. Error bars above means indicate the ±S.E. Means sharing the same letter in both varieties do not differ significantly at *p* ≤ 0.05.



Values (mean ± standard error, *n* = 3), LSD = least significant difference; values sharing same case letter or without lettering for a parameter do not differ significantly (*p* ≤ 0.05) by the LSD test.
