**7. Conclusions**

This study offered a new meta-heuristic optimization method, called the Heap-based optimizer (HBO) technique, for design four different scenarios of a stand-alone hybrid power model based on PV, WT, Biomass system, and battery storage unit. The major objective function is minimizing the COE with increasing the reliability LPSP, which fulfils the required load of an isolated society in Alrashda village, Dakhla Oasis in the New Valley Governorate, Egypt. The operation of the suggested off-grid system relies on the meteorological data of wind speed, radiation and temperature per hour which obtained from NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy website for 20 years for the selected region. The result obtained by the proposed methodology HBO which is based on utilizing MATLAB software was compared with other optimization methods CFA, GWO, STOA techniques.

The simulation results clearly showed that the suggested optimization method HBO is an effective method in identifying the optimal capacities of the generating and energy storage units and ensured good execution in the different scenarios of proposed the hybrid system. The results from the analyses presented in this study show the following:


**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, H.A.E.-S., S.K. and H.S.; Data curation, H.A.E.-S., S.K., A.M.E. and F.J.; Formal analysis, S.K., H.S., A.M.E. and F.J.; Investigation, H.A.E.-S., S.K., H.S. and F.J.; Methodology, H.A.E.-S., S.K. and H.S.; Project administration, M.T.-V.; Resources, S.K., H.S., M.T.-V., A.M.E. and F.J.; Software, S.K., H.S. and M.T.-V.; Supervision, S.K., M.T.-V. and F.J.; Validation, S.K., H.S., M.T.-V. and A.M.E.; Visualization, M.T.-V. and F.J.; Writing—original draft, H.A.E.-S., S.K. and H.S.; Writing—review & editing, M.T.-V., A.M.E. and F.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** The authors thank the support of the National Research and Development Agency of Chile (ANID), ANID/Fondap/15110019.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
