**10. Future Research Direction**

This literature survey carefully examined the current research and the advances in the domain of EV-based DSM, and after thoughtful discussion, based on the identified research gaps, some valuable suggestions regarding future research directions and prospective areas of research are suggested:


### **11. Conclusions**

In this review paper, existing research on DSM operations, including the various DGs and an area that has witnessed significant interest in the energy management domain in the last few years, was reviewed extensively. The general structure, operation, and optimization models of DSM and DG-DSM integration into the present smart grid scenario were discussed and represented. New concepts such as waste-to-energy were explored through a brief study, as were their implementations in test case scenarios. The optimization aspect of DG-DSM scheduling was tabulated and represented, with emphasis placed on the objective function formulation, constraints or limitations, and the selection and parameterization of decision variables. With the expectation of an increase in the adoption of various types of DG, it is estimated that DSM operations can play a valuable opportunity for the customers and utility aggregators to be active participants in the scheduling, dispatch, and marketoriented trading of energy. The research directions that this review article provides can help researchers identify potential gaps, which have been discussed previously, and they can be given due importance in finding solutions to the existing issues and challenges.

**Author Contributions:** S.P.: Conceptualization, Writing—Review & Editing, Writing—Original Draft. S.M.: Writing—Review & Editing. P.K.R.: Investigation, Formal Analysis, Supervision. B.K.S.: Writing, Review & Editing, Supervision. S.M.P.: Review & Editing. H.K.: Writing, Review & Editing. A.F.: Supervision. M.T.-V.: Supervision. B.A.S.: Supervision, Review & Editing. M.S.: Supervision, Review & Editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The study did not report any data.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

### **Nomenclature**




### **References**

