*7.1. DSM with SPV*

SPV energy conversion systems have been used for a long time since their discovery as a significantly cleaner energy source. Much of the maturity in semiconductor technology has allowed for vast improvements in the scope of SPV generation. The issues discussed below are the major difficulties in addressing stable grid operations with DSM.


### *7.2. DSM with Wind Energy Conversion System*

Wind energy conversion systems integrated into DSM have been wholly realized for a long time; this includes wind turbines, wind monitoring systems, and related environmental protection systems, such as environmental protection stations and power generation systems. Still, it has proved challenging to synchronize wind and hydropower effectively in actual operations, which does achieve high efficiency at the same time each year [3]. The complexity can be seen in the following aspects.

There are three significant issues in the current use of wind turbines in DSM that challenge its high efficiency and stable operation [3,24]:

