*3.4. The Development Type of the PLEF Coupling Coordination Degree and HAI*

*3.4. The Development Type of the PLEF Coupling Coordination Degree and HAI* The development types were preliminarily determined according to the synchronous development index of the HAI and the CCD of the PLEFs (Table 6). According to the cou‐ pling coordination index (D), Wanzhou District could be divided into three types: dysreg‐ ulation recession, barely coordinated, and good coordination. According to the synchro‐ nous development index (T), Wanzhou District could be divided into three types: lagging development, synchronous development, and advanced development. The results of the two indices can be combined into nine classes, including dysregulation recession–ad‐ vanced development, dysregulation recession–synchronous development, dysregulation recession–lagging development, barely coordinated–advanced development, barely coordi‐ nated–synchronous development, barely coordinated–lagging development, good coordi‐ nation–advanced development, good coordination–synchronous development, and good co‐ ordination–lagging development. It is considered that regulating the synchronous devel‐ The development types were preliminarily determined according to the synchronous development index of the *HAI* and the CCD of the PLEFs (Table 6). According to the coupling coordination index (D), Wanzhou District could be divided into three types: dysregulation recession, barely coordinated, and good coordination. According to the synchronous development index (T), Wanzhou District could be divided into three types: lagging development, synchronous development, and advanced development. The results of the two indices can be combined into nine classes, including dysregulation recession– advanced development, dysregulation recession–synchronous development, dysregulation recession–lagging development, barely coordinated–advanced development, barely coordinated–synchronous development, barely coordinated–lagging development, good coordination–advanced development, good coordination–synchronous development, and good coordination–lagging development. It is considered that regulating the synchronous development index is key to promoting the coordinated development of regional human– land relations. Therefore, we used the synchronous development index to classify the study area into three types: negative, positive, and synchronous.

**2000 2010 2020 Variation**

I: Dysregulation recession—Advanced development 13.84 15.65 17.44 3.6 II: Barely coordinated—Advanced development 0.63 0.62 0.81 0.18 III: Good coordination—Advanced development 0.75 0.87 1.23 0.48

IV: Dysregulation recession—Synchronous development 2.26 1.98 0.45 −1.81 V: Barely coordinated—Synchronous development 1.53 1.78 1.68 0.15 VI: Good coordination—Synchronous development 0.69 0.84 1.1 0.41

VII: Dysregulation recession—Lagging development 0 0 0.01 0.01 VIII: Barely coordinated—Lagging development 15.13 14.56 14.55 −0.58 IX: Good coordination—Lagging development 65.17 63.70 62.73 −2.44

area into three types: negative, positive, and synchronous.

**Table 6.** Preliminary results of the development types in Wanzhou District in 2000, 2010, and 2020.

opment index is key to promoting the coordinated development of regional human–land relations. Therefore, we used the synchronous development index to classify the study

Subtotal 15.22 17.14 19.48 4.26

Subtotal 4.48 4.6 3.23 −1.25

Subtotal 80.3 78.26 77.29 −3.01

According to the preliminary results, the development type of most areas in Wan‐ zhou District was positive. That is, the development of regional economic construction was not based on the sacrifice of the coordinated development of the PLEFs. However, the proportion of positive and synchronous types decreased over 20 years. Among them, the proportions of the "good coordination–lagging development" type and the "dysreg‐ ulation recession–synchronous development" type fell the most obviously, which de‐ creased by 2.44% and 1.81%, respectively. The ratio of the negative area increased by 4.26%, among which the proportion of the "dysregulation recession–advanced development" type


**Table 6.** Preliminary results of the development types in Wanzhou District in 2000, 2010, and 2020.

According to the preliminary results, the development type of most areas in Wanzhou District was positive. That is, the development of regional economic construction was not based on the sacrifice of the coordinated development of the PLEFs. However, the proportion of positive and synchronous types decreased over 20 years. Among them, the proportions of the "good coordination–lagging development" type and the "dysregulation recession–synchronous development" type fell the most obviously, which decreased by 2.44% and 1.81%, respectively. The ratio of the negative area increased by 4.26%, among which the proportion of the "dysregulation recession–advanced development" type increased the most, with a total increase of 3.6% over the past 20 years. The development of these regions was the sacrifice of the coordinated development of PLEFs. The relationship between humans and land is tense and is in urgent need of regulation. Therefore, according to the synchronous development state of the *HAI* and the CCD of PLEFs in Wanzhou District, it is essential to classify the study area and put forward different regulation strategies (Figure 9). *Land* **2022**, *11*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 18 increased the most, with a total increase of 3.6% over the past 20 years. The development of these regions was the sacrifice of the coordinated development of PLEFs. The relation‐ ship between humans and land is tense and is in urgent need of regulation. Therefore, according to the synchronous development state of the HAI and the CCD of PLEFs in Wanzhou District, it is essential to classify the study area and put forward different regu‐ lation strategies (Figure 9).

**Figure 9.** The development type of the PLEF coupling coordination degree and HAI in 2000(a), 2010(b), and 2020(c). **Figure 9.** The development type of the PLEF coupling coordination degree and *HAI* in 2000 (**a**), 2010 (**b**), and 2020 (**c**).

#### **4. Discussion**

man–land relationships should be strengthened.

will promote the deep integration of the PLEFs.

tural development model should be formed.

*4.2. Contributions and Limitations*

**4. Discussion**

#### *4.1. Policy Recommendations*

*4.1. Policy Recommendations* The first recommendation is for the development of hostile regions. The scale of con‐ struction land should be reasonably determined and the HAI should be controlled. To avoid irreversible damage to the coupling coordinated development of the PLEFs in the process of HAI growth, it is also necessary to increase investment in environmental pro‐ The first recommendation is for the development of hostile regions. The scale of construction land should be reasonably determined and the *HAI* should be controlled. To avoid irreversible damage to the coupling coordinated development of the PLEFs in the process of *HAI* growth, it is also necessary to increase investment in environmental protection and environmental governance. The remediation and the closure of seriously polluting factories, and promoting the ecological transformation of the industry are important. The

tection and environmental governance. The remediation and the closure of seriously pol‐ luting factories, and promoting the ecological transformation of the industry are im‐

The second is for the development of synchronous regions. It is necessary to maintain the synchronous and coordinated development state of the current HAI and the coupling coordination level of PLEFs. It is also important to upgrade and relocate industries that are energy‐intensive and highly polluting, treating wastewater, waste gas, and waste res‐ idue. The government should also actively promote knowledge of agricultural pollution, and improve the awareness of farmers to use land and raise land in order to reduce agrar‐ ian non–point source pollution and soil pollution considering the synchronous coordina‐ tion of economic development, ecological protection, and comfortable living. Thus, this

The third is for the development of positive regions. Under the guidance of the con‐ cept of "ecological priority and green development", The relationship between protecting the ecological environment, guaranteeing economic development, and preserving bare farmland should be resolved. Through land space planning, the layout of ecological lands, such as green heartlands and the green belt, should be increased. An appropriate amount of development of unused land, easing the central area of land tension, and undertaking industrial transfer should be conducted. Combined with local characteristics, ecological leisure tourism should be properly developed. The advanced production technology should be introduced and there should be scientific increases in various production input factors. A three‐dimensional, circular, ecological, high–quality, and sustainable agricul‐ implementation of policies and striving to improve the maladjustment of human–land relationships should be strengthened.

The second is for the development of synchronous regions. It is necessary to maintain the synchronous and coordinated development state of the current *HAI* and the coupling coordination level of PLEFs. It is also important to upgrade and relocate industries that are energy-intensive and highly polluting, treating wastewater, waste gas, and waste residue. The government should also actively promote knowledge of agricultural pollution, and improve the awareness of farmers to use land and raise land in order to reduce agrarian non–point source pollution and soil pollution considering the synchronous coordination of economic development, ecological protection, and comfortable living. Thus, this will promote the deep integration of the PLEFs.

The third is for the development of positive regions. Under the guidance of the concept of "ecological priority and green development", The relationship between protecting the ecological environment, guaranteeing economic development, and preserving bare farmland should be resolved. Through land space planning, the layout of ecological lands, such as green heartlands and the green belt, should be increased. An appropriate amount of development of unused land, easing the central area of land tension, and undertaking industrial transfer should be conducted. Combined with local characteristics, ecological leisure tourism should be properly developed. The advanced production technology should be introduced and there should be scientific increases in various production input factors. A three-dimensional, circular, ecological, high–quality, and sustainable agricultural development model should be formed.

#### *4.2. Contributions and Limitations*

Promoting the coupling and coordinated development of the regional PLEF has become one of the critical issues for regional sustainable development. To clarify the relationship between the *HAI* and the CCD of the PLEFs, this paper has the following advantages. Firstly, compared with previous studies [47], we used a 300 m × 300 m grid as the evaluation unit to make the evaluation result more accurate. This provided more precise location information for land-use decisions and land management. Secondly, we referred to the existing research [37] and calculated the *HAI* according to the sum of the construction land equivalents of different regional land use types on the grid scale. The calculated results could not only reflect the comprehensive effect degree of human social and economic activities on land resources, but also enhance the comparability of the research results of the intensity of human activities in different regions. Thirdly, exploring the relationship between the *HAI* and the coupling coordination of PLEF is a point that was easily neglected in previous studies. In this study, we try to use the synchronous development model [45,46] to preliminarily discuss and classify the development relationship. Fourthly, based on analyzing the level of *HAI* and the CCD of PLEF, this paper scientifically discriminated the factors restricting synchronous development and divided the regions into different types. The differentiation promotion strategy was put forward, providing a theoretical and practical reference for regional sustainable development.

However, because of the complexity of the changing interaction between the *HAI* and the CCD of the PLEFs, and due to the limitations of data and data acquisition, this paper only tried to explore the interaction relationship between them from the perspective of synchronous development and the spatial grid scale. The scientific prediction of the evolution of the relationship and taking scientific measures in advance for accurate regulation are of significance to alleviate the contradiction between humans and land and achieve regional sustainable development. Therefore, in the future, it will be necessary to carry out relevant research on the evolution direction of the synchronous development relationship between the *HAI* and the CCD of PLEF from other perspectives and different spatial scales in order to obtain its internal operating mechanism and distribution law systematically.
