Statistical difference among groups with the same treatment

and samples (*p* < 0.05). The human colostrum mononuclear phagocytes from mothers with obesity decreased the release of reactive oxygen species. When the cells were treated with adiponectin, the reactive oxygen species release was similar between groups. Higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species were observed in cells treated with leptin from the group with high BMI values (*p* < 0.05). The association with adiponectin (adipo) and leptin (lep) increased the release of reactive oxygen species when The human colostrum mononuclear phagocytes from mothers with obesity decreased the release of reactive oxygen species. When the cells were treated with adiponectin, the reactive oxygen species release was similar between groups. Higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species were observed in cells treated with leptin from the group with high BMI values (*p* < 0.05). The association with adiponectin (adipo) and leptin (lep) increased the release of reactive oxygen species when compared with untreated cells in the high BMI group, and showed similar rates of release to the cells from normal *Cells*  BMI individuals (Figure **2019** 2). , *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW <sup>6</sup> of 12

compared with untreated cells in the high BMI group, and showed similar rates of release to the cells

**Figure 2.** The effects of adiponectin and leptin on the oxidative burst of colostrum mononuclear cells from women with normal BMI and high BMI values incubated with Zymosan A from *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*. Reactive oxygen species were released by colostrum mononuclear phagocytes. The results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 10 per group) and assessed by ANOVA and Tukey's Test.\* Statistical difference between colostrum cells incubated with 199 medium and hormones within groups (*p* < 0.05). # Statistical difference among groups with the same treatment and sample (*p* < 0.05). **Figure 2.** The effects of adiponectin and leptin on the oxidative burst of colostrum mononuclear cells from women with normal BMI and high BMI values incubated with Zymosan A from *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*. Reactive oxygen species were released by colostrum mononuclear phagocytes. The results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 10 per group) and assessed by ANOVA and Tukey's Test. \* Statistical difference between colostrum cells incubated with 199 medium and hormones within groups (*p* < 0.05). # Statistical difference among groups with the same treatment and sample (*p* < 0.05).

**\*#**

**Figure 3.** The effects of adiponectin and leptin on the release of intracellular calcium by colostrum mononuclear phagocytes from women with normal BMI and high BMI values incubated with Zymosan A from *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*. Intracellular calcium release was performed with Fluo-3AM (n = 10). The results are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 10 per group). They were assessed by ANOVA and Tukey's Test.\* Statistical difference between colostrum cells incubated with 119

199 Medium Adiponectin Leptin Adipo+Lep

**\*#**

Colostrum Cells

Irrespective of the BMI status of the women tested, their colostrum cells showed similar apoptosis rates when treated with adiponectin or leptin compared to untreated cells. When the colostrum cells from higher BMI group were treated with both hormones, they exhibited higher
