**5. Conclusions**

In order to solve the complicated problem of coupling failure disaster mechanisms of the special structure of hard–roof soft–coal seams in the deep coal mining process, this work carried out experimental and theoretical research and revealed the coupling fracture behavior and the energy transfer law of the coal–rock assemblage. The main conclusions are as follows:


The research of this work is of great significance for the safe mining of deep hard roof coal seams, disaster prevention and control, and may provide important theoretical reference. The work in this paper is mainly based on the uniaxial compression condition to establish a mathematical model, therefore it is necessary to consider the influence of three-dimensional stress fields in the future, as the failure mechanism and energy transfer law are more complex.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, H.S.; methodology, H.S., L.D., J.L. and M.L.; validation, H.S., L.D., J.L. and M.L.; formal analysis, J.C.; investigation, L.D. and J.L.; resources, H.S.; data curation, L.D. and J.L.; writing—original draft preparation, H.S., L.D., J.L. and M.L.; writing—review and editing, H.S., L.D., J.L., J.C. and M.L.; visualization, L.D. and J.L.; supervision, H.S. and M.L.; project administration, L.D. and J.C.; funding acquisition, H.S. and L.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51874348, No. 52104239), Chongqing Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. cstc2019jcyjjqX0019), Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (No. CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1080).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** All data and/or models used in the study appear in the submitted article.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

#### **References**

