*Article* **Potting Christianity: Ecumenical Worship in Its Multicultural and Multi-Ethnic Context**

**Swee Hong Lim**

Emmanuel College, Victoria University, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1K7, Canada; sweehong.lim@utoronto.ca

**Abstract:** In the gardening world, potting refers to the cultivation of plants by cutting, layering, and replacing nutrients-depleted soil with new soil in larger pots to accommodate the growth process. This understanding seems helpful in describing ecumenical worship. There are two perspectives about this phenomenon. On one end of the liturgical practice spectrum, it is perceived as a "leastcommon-denominator" worship form where contested expressions are cast aside and replaced by elements that are acceptable by everyone. As a result, ecumenical worship is held up as a product of complex negotiation but displays a remarkable lack of spiritual depth in its outcome. On the other end, there is the World Council of Churches—a fellowship of 350 churches that is regarded as the epitome of ecumenism in practice particularly its worship celebration. The assembly, convened every eight years, is seen as a "best practice" showcase for ecumenical worship. In fact, many of the "global songs" being sung by our congregation were premiered in this ecumenical setting. How might we make sense of these perceptions? To that end, this article seeks to describe a suitably appropriate method in planning ecumenical worship and to identify elements that this worship genre needs to consider in its rendition. The efforts of the 2022 assembly worship planning committee of the World Council of Churches serves as the case study. Theo-liturgical principles that define this worship design are examined and discussed. By this, insights may be garnered to help local congregations appreciate this distinctive liturgical form that has its raison d'etre as an expression of Christian reconciliation and unity and to understand what is needed to successfully design such services. In so doing, the work of congregations may be strengthened to face the resurgence of racism and xenophobia in their local contexts.

**Keywords:** ecumenical worship; interconfessional prayer; world council of churches; assembly; spiritual ecumenism; receptive ecumenism; best practice principle

Ecumenism is not about conformity on the lowest possible level. It should rather have to do with sharing spiritual and liturgical treasures.

Liborius Olaf Lumma (Lumma 2018)
