**4. Battery Storage Systems Applications**

The fixed resolutions comprising deconcentrated generation, management, and control tactics for power supervision and storage assisted to establish the concept of smart networks. The intellect of these networks is not just about the reduction the technical restrictions but also manufacturing the electric system to be greener, more competent, compliant to the customer desires, and consequently cost-effective. These networks aggregate the employment of information technology personnel, allowing two-party communication between the energy network and the construction customers, which results in detection on both sides, making the network intelligent as they are more competent and elastic than the conventional energy network [42,43]. Consequently, intelligent networks unlock the industry to new utilization with comprehensive interdisciplinary influences due to their capability to safely provide and integrate more sustainable power sources, grid-based generators, and elegant buildings [43]. Hence, extraordinarily dependable communication will be imperative to transfer a substantial volume of information. Thus, communication and system engineering will play a substantial function in the integration of elegant buildings and energy systems [43]. Numerous alterations in the electric network have been taking place since the development of the smart network concepts, resulting from a reorganization in the sector and technological developments.

These amendments also produce regulative alterations and can generate numerous intrinsic advantages to energy generation networks through the amenities given by these networks. Nonetheless, energy storage is unconstrained in gathering long-term alterations in energy output generated by short-term irregular intrinsic renewable sources. These networks submit significant characteristics to the electrical network and consumers. Energy storage networks may have very different applications and capabilities and, thus, have a slow or fast response [43]; a few of these services as explained below.

The applications of BESS are highlighted below in summary format. The economic value proposition for some applications is presented, with formulas.
