*4.1. P&O Optimization Technique*

The perturb and observe (P&O) optimization technique is probably the most natural method to find the maximum power point MPP, and its principle is given by the flowchart in Figure 6. Moreover, MPP tracking is independent of temperature and/or irradiance variations. The basic principle of this optimization technique can therefore be extracted from the flowchart in Figure 6:


**Figure 6.** Flowchart of the P&O algorithm [27].
