**2. The proposed inverter is responsible for delivering the PV power to the grid and the load.**

If there is enough power at the DC side, e.g., from the PV modules, the control system drives the inverter to supply the balanced positive-sequence current to the grid, as well as supplies the active load current and compensates harmonic load currents.

In both cases, Equation (13) is applied to perform the current control stage. The load current harmonics are then transferred into the dq frame (Figure 2). These currents are then used as reference MLI currents, which are then used in Equation (13). The resulting signals from Figure 4, *dnd* and *dnq*, obtained from Equation (7), are then transformed into abc reference frame (*Ma*, *Mb*, and *Mc*). These values are then compared to the triangle carrier waveforms in Figure 6 to create switching pulses to operate the IGBTs of the proposed hybrid MLI. To produce the required pulses for the IGBTs of the upper part of the proposed MLI, the carrier waveform of the *H*2*<sup>a</sup>* is shifted from the *H*1*<sup>a</sup>* by 180◦/N. Only the carrier waveforms of phase a in the upper part are displayed in Figure 5. Moreover, the modulation waveforms *Ma*, *Mb*, and *Mc* are also used to fire the IGBTs of the lower part in the proposed configuration by comparing them with the phase-shifted carrier signals, as seen in Figure 6. The carrier signal, which is used to generate the pulses of unit 2, is shifted by (T/3) from that of unit 1, and the carrier signal of unit 3 is shifted by (T/3) from that of unit 2.

**Figure 6.** Phase-shifted PWM technique.
