*5.4. Simulation Results Using the M-INC Optimization Algorithm*

Figure 14 shows the simulation results of the indirect coupling between the GPV and the motor pump using the SEPIC converter endowed with the M-INC technique. Figure 14a–c shows, respectively, the variation of the instantaneous electrical power, voltage, and rotational speed of the motor pump as a function of time. From Figure 14, it is important to note that the tracking speed is significantly higher than that obtained by the P&O technique. Indeed, under standard conditions, a value of 1654 W is noted, which is a gain of almost 3% compared with the P&O technique. In addition, the behavior of the M-INC control is quite satisfactory. Indeed, the tracking speed is significantly improved due to the fact that the system adapts quickly to changes. However, in the case of sudden changes in irradiance (t3), the system suffers from overshoot, which affects the quality of the energy transmitted to the motor pump. The speed of the motor pump with this technique is significantly improved compared with the P&O technique, as shown in Figure 14c. The same behavior is observed for the voltage characteristic curve. Finally, the results obtained

highlight the drawbacks of coupling by the M-INC technique for an application where the irradiance variation is very unstable. The power is significantly improved and does not deviate much from the MPP under unstable weather conditions, except that it suffers from power overshoot, which will affect the power quality.

**Figure 14.** *Cont*.

**Figure 14.** Simulation results associated with the M-INC technique. (**a**) Instantaneous power extracted from the GPV, (**b**) terminal voltage at the pump motor, (**c**) rotation speed of the pump motor.

#### *5.5. Simulation Results Using the FL-INC Optimization Algorithm*

Simulation results of the hybrid FL-INC technique of indirect coupling by a SEPIC converter with this algorithm are shown in Figure 15. It is interesting to note that this technique has a significant effect on overshoot, which is greatly attenuated compared with the M-INC technique. In addition, this technique improves the quality of the power transmitted to the SWPS while ensuring the required performance for such a system. Finally, the extracted power has a more improved character compared with the other techniques, as the tracking rate quickly reaches the maximum power point under different weather conditions. In addition, this power reflects the available solar energy potential while contributing to the preservation of the environment and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change mitigation. This is due to the fact that this power presents a sufficient amount of solar water pumping applications.

**Figure 15.** *Cont*.

**Figure 15.** Simulation results associated with the FL-INC technique. (**a**) Instantaneous power extracted from the GPV, (**b**) terminal voltage at the pump motor, (**c**) rotation speed of the pump motor.
