*3.2. Lithium-Ion Battery*

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries store energy in positive electrode materials composed of lithium extracts adequate for reversible physical adsorption of Li-ions and negative electrode materials made of carbon and can properly support Li in the solid state [30]. Since Li interacts severely with water, non-aqueous electrolytes are employed [31]. These are ionizable organic diluents, such as propylene carbonate, in solution with adequate lithium salts. To improve the safety of the cells, the separators are microporous plastic strips that may be covered with ceramic particles, as shown in Figure 7.

**Figure 7.** Chemistry and principal components of a lithium-ion battery.

Li-ion cells must be meticulously assessed in terms of safety. They have a high energy density and a volatile organic electrolyte.
