*Article* **Verification of Structural Strength of Spur Roads Constructed Using a Locally Developed Method for Mountainous Areas: A Case Study in Kochi University Forest, Japan**

**Yasushi Suzuki 1,\*, Shouma Hashimoto 2, Haruka Aoki 3, Ituski Katayama <sup>1</sup> and Tetsuhiko Yoshimura <sup>4</sup>**


**Abstract:** Owing to steep terrain and complicated geology, constructing spur roads with low cost and sufficient strength is crucial for sustainable forest management in Japan. The Shimanto method was developed for making narrow spur roads robust against collapse around the 2000s in the Shimanto geology belt area, where the strata were slanted because of an accretion wedge. Kochi University Forest adopted this method and constructed some routes of spur roads in the 2010s. In the present study, we assessed the performance of this method in terms of the roadbed strength and bearing capacity. Two routes were selected, namely Sites 1 and 2, constructed in 2013–2016 and 2019–2021, and tested in 2017 and 2021, respectively. The roadbed strength was measured up to a depth of 100 cm using a handy dynamic cone penetrometer with a rammer of 5 kg. The results showed that the roadbed strength of the embankment side was weaker than that of the cut slope side, although the method was supposed to compact the roadbeds equally over the road width. However, most of the roadbeds had sufficient strength; the younger ones tended to have lower strength than the older ones, and the same tendency was observed for the bearing capacity. It was suggested that the soil under the road width should be excavated more widely toward the cut slope side before compaction.

**Keywords:** bearing capacity; road construction method; roadbed strength; soil; spur road
