*Article* **Consequence of Blowby Flow and Idling Time on Oil Consumption and Particulate Emissions in Gasoline Engine**

**Vincent Berthome \*, David Chalet and Jean-François Hetet**

Ecole Centrale de Nantes, LHEEA Laboratory (ECN/CNRS), 44321 Nantes, France

**\*** Correspondence: vincent.berthome@ec-nantes.fr

**Abstract:** Pollutant emission standards and, in particular, those concerning particles from an internal combustion engine (ICE) are becoming increasingly restrictive. Thus, it is important to determine the main factors related to the production of particulate matter. In this article, the phenomenon of oil sweeping by the blowby gases between the rings/piston/cylinder is investigated. First, a blowby gas simulation model based on experimental results from a Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection (TGDI) is developed. From this model, it is possible to characterise the amount of oil swept by the blowby gases. This depends on the endgap position of both the compression and sealing rings. It also depends on the intensity of the blowby flow rate, which is highest at low rpm and high load. At 1500 rpm and full load, this flowrate exceeds 25 mg.cycle<sup>−</sup>1. From this result, it is possible to quantify the amount of oil swept by these gases as a function of the endgap position. For *θrings* = 180◦, the quantity of oil swept rises to 20 μg.cycle−<sup>1</sup> while for *θrings* = 30◦, this decreases to 6 μg.cycle−1. The oil concentration of the blowby gas has a direct impact on the particulate emissions because the oil concentration of the backflow gas is inversely proportional to the blowby gas flowrate. As the backflow gases return to the cylinder, the oil oxidises and produces particles. Therefore, it is essential to control the oil concentration of the backflow gases. In addition, the simulation model shows the blowby flowrate becomes negative and decreases to <sup>−</sup>3.4 mg. cycle−<sup>1</sup> in idle conditions. The amount of oil swept by the blowby is no longer directed towards the oil pan, but towards the piston crown. This phenomenon of oil storage of the piston crown in idle condition is proportional to the duration of the idle time. In order to confirm these results, experimental tests are carried out on a TGDI engine. It appears that when the idling time changes from 0 s to 7 s between two strictly identical accelerations, the level of particulate emissions is multiplied by 1.3. When the idling time changes from 0 s to 22 s between two strictly identical accelerations, the level of particulate emissions is multiplied by 3. These results confirm the mechanism of oil storage at idle highlighted by the simulation model.

**Keywords:** particle; oil; blowby; backflow; endgap; ring; gasoline; idle
