*Article* **Composition of Flue Gases during Oxy-Combustion of Energy Crops in a Circulating Fluidized Bed**

**Monika Kosowska-Golachowska 1, Adam Luckos <sup>2</sup> and Tomasz Czakiert 3,\***


**Abstract:** In recent years, global warming and climate change associated with emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel-fired power systems are a big worry for authorities in many countries worldwide. The utilization of biomass as an alternative, carbon-neutral fuel can reduce emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the coupling of oxy-combustion of biomass with CO2 capture is an option for carbon-negative power generation technology. In this study, emissions of NOx, SO2, and CO from the air- and oxy-combustion of three energy crops (*Miscanthus giganteus*, *Sida hermaphrodita*, and *Salix viminalis*) are presented and compared with emissions from other biomass fuels and reference coal. Combustion tests in air and O2/CO2 mixtures were conducted in a 12-kW benchscale CFB combustor at 850 ◦C. Measurements of flue gas compositions were taken using an FTIR spectrometer. In all tested atmospheres, emissions of SO2, N2O, and CO for biomass were lower than those for the reference coal. The oxidation of volatile nitrogen compounds was behind high emissions of NOx from biomass burned in air and O2/CO2 mixtures. The lowest concentrations of NO were found in the 21% O2/70% CO2 mixture. Combustion in mixtures containing more oxygen (30% and 40% O2) led to a decrease in emissions of N2O and CO and an increase in emissions of NO and SO2.

**Keywords:** biomass; oxy-fuel combustion; fluidized bed; *Miscanthus giganteus*; *Sida hermaphrodita*; *Salix viminalis*; wheat straw; Scots pine; bituminous coal
