**3. Discussion**

The present study reports the first field assessment on the efficacy of using management strategies, integrating biological and chemical pruning wound protectants with a copper-based site-targeted formulation, against Botryosphaeria dieback pathogens. Higher demand for more sustainable management practices and increasing restrictions on pesticide use has led to an expansion of IPM programs, involving organic products, BCAs, improved cultural practices, and responsible pesticide use [2,26]. To date, and to the best of our knowledge, no field assays have been performed using the two selected pruning wound protectants against *Lasiodiplodia* spp., in combination with copper-based protection with an elicitor effect. Our results show that the efficacy of the wound protectants, when applied alone or in combination with the copper-based product, varied between both years and according to the cultivar under study.
