*4.1. Preparation of Shrimp Waste Substances*

Around 5 kg of shrimp waste (cephalothorax, head and carapace) of the species *Parapenaeus longirostris*, common name deep-water rose shrimp, was collected in a local fish market in Catania (Italy), in February 2021. Shrimp waste was kept on ice until processed in the laboratory and firstly, washed with distilled water; then, dried in an oven at 30 ◦C for a week. The dried sample was powdered and homogenized. Then, 10 g of shrimp waste powder was packed in plastic food bags labelled "dry-powder" and stored at −20 ◦C until further use; 10 g of shrimp waste powder was processed to extraction (20 min long sonication by means of ArgoLab DU-100) with (i) 50 mL of ethyl acetate (EtOAc from Aldrich) or (ii) 50 mL of methanol (MetOH from Aldrich). Then, the supernatant was carefully collected and transferred into a clean beaker. The powder was then re-subjected to the described procedure for a total of three times. The 150 mL of supernatant were firstly filtrated and then evaporated under vacuum at the temperature of 40 ◦C until a crude extract was obtained. The crude extracts, representing the "EtOAc-extract" and "MetOH-extract", were stored at −20 ◦C until further use. (iii) To obtain "Nitric-extract", 20 mL of nitric acid (HNO3, 65% from Aldrich) was added to 5 g of shrimp waste powder; the mixture was then stirred for 1 h at 150 rpm and then the acid was neutralized by adding 80 mL of NaOH (0.10 g/mL). pH was verified to be around pH 5. To obtain the "waterextract", 25 mL of water with 1% of acetic acid were added to 5 g of shrimp waste powder; the mixture was homogenized by vortexing and ultrasonication. The liquid extracts were then filtrated and stored at −20 ◦C until further use.
