3.2.5. Lipophilicity

The most commonly used parameter in SAR drug discovery is lipophilicity. It can be determined experimentally or mathematically.

Increased permeability, solubility, target potency, and toxicity have all been linked to lipophilicity. The lipophilicity was determined as *RM* values using reverse-phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC). This is regarded as a dependable, quick, and convenient method of expressing lipophilicity [33]. Apart from the importance of lipophilicity in biologically active compound kinetics, both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants are required to act as radical scavengers in the aqueous phase or as chain-breaking antioxidants in biological membranes [17].

In the present work, we have examined the antioxidant, metal-chelating, and in vitro biological activity of the newly synthesized furan derivatives. Lipophilicity is confirmed to be an important factor in their activity. The results show that compounds **H1–4** are lipophilic with good antioxidant and metal-chelating activity. This is what makes them reliable lipophilic exogenous antioxidants that are necessary to neutralize harmful radicals in the cell membrane.

In general, the in vitro studies results show that the compounds **H1–4** exhibit IAD and ATA. We learned a lot about the properties of the potential new drugs from both experiments, and both experiments are related to keeping the albumin molecule intact. Albumin is protected from denaturation (IAD) in the first case. Compounds **H1–4** allosterically bind to albumin. In the second case, it is protected from the action of the enzyme trypsin (ATA), which is inhibited by furan derivatives.
