*2.7. Statistical Analysis*

We analyzed the data obtained using the SPSS statistical software package. We subjected the experimental data to a one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) to identify differences between multiple groups. To compare the differences between groups, we used Duncan's multiple-range test. A significant difference was indicated when *p* < 0.05.

#### **3. Results**

#### *3.1. Effects of SPE on Food Intake, Water Intake, Body Weight, and Organ Weight of SAMP8 Mice*

Tables 1 and 2 show the effects of feeding 3-month-old SAMP8 mice with SPE in terms of changes in body weight, food intake, and water intake for male and female animals, respectively. For groups of both sexes, we found no significant changes in body weight, food intake, and water intake after the administration of SPE. Tables 3 and 4 show weight changes in the brain, heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of male and female mice, respectively. We found no significant changes in organ weights in the animal groups that received SPE treatment.

**Table 1.** Effects of SPE treatment on body weight, food intake, and water intake in male SAMP8 mice.


Group A—control group, Group B—low-dose SPE (61.5 mg/kg BW/day), Group C—medium-dose SPE (123 mg/kg BW/day), and Group D—high-dose SPE (184.5 mg/kg BW/day). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA.



Group A—control group, Group B—low dose SPE (61.5 mg/kg BW/day), Group C—medium dose SPE (123 mg/kg BW/day), and Group D—high dose SPE (184.5 mg/kg BW/day). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA.



Group A—control group, Group B—low-dose SPE (61.5 mg/kg BW/day), Group C—medium-dose SPE (123 mg/kg BW/day), and Group D—high-dose SPE (184.5 mg/kg BW/day). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA.


**Table 4.** Effects of SPE treatment on organ weights of male SAMP8 mice.

Group A—control group, Group B—low-dose SPE (61.5 mg/kg BW/day), Group C—medium-dose SPE (123 mg/kg BW/day), and Group D—high-dose SPE (184.5 mg/kg BW/day). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA.

#### *3.2. Effect of SPE on Aging Index of Senescence-Accelerated Mice*

Tables 5 and 6 show the effects of SPE administration on aging index assessment scores after 10 weeks for male and female mice, respectively. The skin glossiness, spinal curvature, and total aging index assessment scores were significantly lower for mice in the treatment groups (*p* < 0.05) compared with animals in the control group. SPE treatment produced the same effects in both male and female mice.

**Table 5.** Effects of SPE administration on aging index assessment scores of male SAMP8 mice.


Group A—control group, Group B—low-dose SPE (61.5 mg/kg BW/day), Group C—medium-dose SPE (123 mg/kg BW/day), and Group D—high-dose SPE (184.5 mg/kg BW/day). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Groups with different letters indicate significant differences among each group (*p* < 0.05).

**Table 6.** Effects of SPE administration on aging index assessment scores of female SAMP8 mice.


Group A—control group, Group B—low-dose SPE (61.5 mg/kg BW/day), Group C—medium-dose SPE (123 mg/kg BW/day), and Group D—high-dose SPE (184.5 mg/kg BW/day). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Groups with different letters indicate significant differences among each group (*p* < 0.05).
