*3.7. GL Extracts Enhanced Osteoblast Mineralization*

After seven days of treatment with *G. littoralis* extracts, we measured the mineralization content in MC3T3-E1 cells. Among the different samples, GLAE showed a higher mineral content (131.9 ± 4.7%), followed by GLSE (130.8 ± 2.9%), GLRE (127.8 ± 3.4%), and GLFE (119.9 ± 5.6%), at a concentration of 0.5 μg/mL. *G. littoralis* extracts at a concentration of 0.5 μg/mL induced higher mineralization levels in all the groups compared to 20 μg/mL treatments (Figure 8). GLFE showed lower mineralization and decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. GLAE showed higher mineralization at all concentrations used (0.5–20 μg/mL), indicating that the whole plant extracts contain more bioactive compounds responsible for osteoblast formation.
