3.3.2. Inhibition of Albumin Denaturation (*IAD*)

Inflammation, according to contemporary thinking, is a beneficial process that occurs as a response to a disruption or sickness. An anti-inflammatory quality of a drug or therapy is the ability to prevent inflammation or swelling. Unlike opioids, which impact the central nervous system, anti-inflammatory medicines, which account for almost half of analgesics, reduce pain by lowering inflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) are two types of medications frequently used to treat inflammation. NSAIDs have a number of negative side effects, particularly stomach irritation that can result in gastric ulcers [48].

The essential purpose of derivatizing ketoprofen was to eliminate the irritating and unpleasant impact of the carboxyl group. Therefore, to alter the structure of ketoprofen, we employed a variety of *N*-containing heterocyclic compounds. The novel ketoprofen hybrids were examined for *IAD*. The ketoprofen hybids were compared to ibuprofen and ketoprofen, which are used to prevent inflammatory processes. The purpose of this study was to prevent albumin denaturation. This approach estimates the degree of denaturation resistance of the albumin molecule.

The study data showed that hybrids **3c** (77.18 μg/mL) and **3d** (73.59 μg/mL) possessed a higher degree of albumin protection against denaturation than the standards (Figure 4). The high activity of these compounds (**3c** and **3d**) is attributed to the presence of a 1,2,3,4 tetrahydroquinoline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline core, as well as the fact that they are less basic than **3a** and **3b**.
