**Contents**


Reprinted from: *Nutrients* **2022**, *14*, 2702, doi:10.3390/nu14132702 .................. **123**

### **Claudia Vales-Villamar´ın, Jairo Lumpuy-Castillo, Teresa Gavela-P´erez, Olaya de Dios, Iris P ´erez-Nadador, Leandro Soriano-Guill´en and Carmen Garc´es**

Sex-Dependent Mediation of Leptin in the Association of Perilipin Polymorphisms with BMI and Plasma Lipid Levels in Children Reprintedfrom:*Nutrients***2022**,*14*,3072,doi:10.3390/nu14153072**135**

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*Article*

### **Adiponectin Gene Variant rs3774261, Effects on Lipid Profile and Adiponectin Levels after a High Polyunsaturated Fat Hypocaloric Diet with Mediterranean Pattern**

**Daniel Antonio de Luis Roman \*, David Primo, Olatz IZaola, Emilia Gómez and Juan Jose <sup>L</sup>ópez**

> Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Endocrinology and Investigation, Medicine School, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; dprimoma@saludcastillayleon.es (D.P.); oizaolaj@saludcastillayleon.es (O.I.); egomezho@saludcastillayleon.es (E.G.); jlopezgo@saludcastillayleon.es (J.J.L.) **\*** Correspondence: dluisro@saludcastillayleon.es; Tel.: +34-9-8342-0000

**Abstract:** The role of *ADIPOQ* gene variants on metabolic improvements after weight change secondary to different hypocaloric diets remained unclear. We evaluate the effect of rs3774261 of *ADIPOQ gene* polymorphism on biochemical improvements and weight change after high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern for 12 weeks. A population of 361 obese subjects was enrolled in an intervention trial with a calorie restriction of 500 calories over the usual intake and 45.7% of carbohydrates, 34.4% of fats, and 19.9% of proteins. The percentages of different fats was; 21.8% of monounsaturated fats, 55.5% of saturated fats, and 22.7% of polyunsaturated fats. Before and after intervention, an anthropometric study, an evaluation of nutritional intake and a biochemical evaluation were realized. All patients lost weight regardless of genotype and diet used. After 12 weeks with a similar improvement in weight loss (AA vs. AG vs. GG); total cholesterol (delta: −28.1 ± 2.1 mg/dL vs. −14.2 ± 4.1 mg/dL vs. −11.0 ± 3.9 mg/dL; *p* = 0.02), LDL cholesterol (delta: −17.1 ± 2.1 mg/dL vs. −6.1 ± 1.9 mg/dL vs. −6.0 ± 2.3 mg/dL; *p* = 0.01), triglyceride levels (delta: −35.0 ± 3.6 mg/dL vs. 10.1 ± 3.2 mg/dL vs. −9.7 ± 3.1 mg/dL; *p* = 0.02), C reactive protein (CRP) (delta: −2.3 ± 0.1 mg/dL vs. −0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dL vs. −0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dL; *p* = 0.02), serum adiponectin (delta: 11.6 ± 2.9 ng/dL vs. 2.1 ± 1.3 ng/dL vs. 3.3 ± 1.1 ng/dL; *p* = 0.02) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (delta: 1.5 ± 0.1 ng/dL vs. 0.3 ± 0.2 ng/dL vs. 0.4 ± 0.3 ng/dL; *p* = 0.03), improved only in AA group. AA genotype of *ADIPOQ variant* (rs3774261) is related with a significant increase in serum levels of adiponectin and ratio adiponectin/leptin and decrease on lipid profile and C-reactive protein (CRP).

**Keywords:** adiponectin; dietary intervention; insulin resistance; obesity; rs3774261
