*Article*

### **FTO and ADRB2 Genetic Polymorphisms Are Risk Factors for Earlier Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Randomized Nutrigenetic Trial**

**Karina dos Santos 1, Eliane Lopes Rosado 1, Ana Carolina Proença da Fonseca 2, Gabriella Pinto Belfort 1, Letícia Barbosa Gabriel da Silva 1, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves 3, Verônica Marques Zembrzuski 2, J. Alfredo Martínez 4 and Cláudia Saunders 1,\***


**Abstract:** Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications. We investigated obesity-related polymorphisms in the FTO gene (rs9939609, rs17817449) and ADRB2 (rs1042713, rs1042714) as candidate risk factors concerning excessive GWG in pregnan<sup>t</sup> women with pregestational diabetes. This nutrigenetic trial, conducted in Brazil, randomly assigned 70 pregnan<sup>t</sup> women to one of the groups: traditional diet (*n* = 41) or DASH diet (*n* = 29). Excessive GWG was the total weight gain above the upper limit of the recommendation, according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. Time-to-event analysis was performed to investigate risk factors for progression to excessive GWG. Regardless the type of diet, AT carriers of rs9939609 (FTO) and AA carriers of rs1042713 (ADRB2) had higher risk of earlier exceeding GWG compared to TT (aHR 2.44; CI 95% 1.03–5.78; *p* = 0.04) and GG (aHR 3.91; CI 95% 1.12–13.70; *p* = 0.03) genotypes, respectively, as the AG carriers for FTO haplotype rs9939609:rs17817449 compared to TT carriers (aHR 1.79; CI 95% 1.04–3.06; *p* = 0.02).

**Keywords:** gestational weight gain; ADRB2; FTO; DASH diet; diabetes mellitus; nutrigenetics
