*4.2. Burnout and QWL: Contribution to Productivity as Mediator (Model 1)*

Concerning model 1, the direct effects (Table 3), indirect effects (Table 4), and total effects (Table 5) were assessed using one mediator variable, i.e., contribution to productivity. The level of z (and/or p) considered to be significant for the statistical analyses was 0.05. Regarding the first dimension of burnout, i.e., emotional exhaustion, the total effect is −0.8160712, which is the effect found if there is no mediator in the model. It is significant with a z of −4.79. The direct effect of emotional exhaustion is −0.8076825, which, while still significant (z = −4.74), is smaller than the total effect. The indirect effect of emotional exhaustion that passes through the contribution to productivity is −0.008388 and is not significant.

The proportion of the total mediated effect is −0.008388/−0.8160712, resulting in −0.8263497. The ratio of the indirect to direct effect is −0.008388/−0.8076825, equaling −0.0103852. The ratio of the total to direct effect corresponds to −0.8160712/−0.8076825, equaling −1.0103861. The proportion of the total effect that is mediated is almost −0.83, which is a respectable amount. The ratio of the indirect effect to the direct effect is about −0.010, and the total effect is about −1.010 times the direct effect.



Legend: \*\*\* 1% statistical significance; and \* 10% statistical significance.

**Table 4.** Model 1: Indirect effects.




Legend: \*\*\* 1% statistical significance; and \* 10% statistical significance.

Concerning the second dimension of burnout, i.e., cynicism, its total effect is −0.8564164, which is the effect found if there is no mediator in the model. It is significant, with a z of −5.00. The direct effect of cynicism is −0.1562514, which, while still significant (z = −1.95), is smaller than the total effect. The indirect effect of cynicism that passes through the contribution to productivity is −0.0116253 and is also not significant.

The proportion of the total effect mediated is −0.0116253/−0.8564164, resulting in −0.0135743. The ratio of the indirect to direct effect is −0.0116253/−0.8447911, equaling −0.0137611. The ratio of the total to direct effect corresponds to −0.8564164/−0.8447911, equaling −1.0137611. The proportion of the total effect that is mediated is almost −0.014, which is a small amount. The ratio of the indirect effect to the direct effect is about −0.014, and the total effect is about −1.014 times the direct effect.

Concerning the third dimension assessed for burnout, i.e., the feeling of low effectiveness, its total effect is −1.75465, which is the effect found if there is no mediator in the model. It is significant, with a z of −9.81. The direct effect of low effectiveness is −0.2946748, which, while still significant (z = −3.55), is smaller than the total effect. The indirect effect of low effectiveness that passes through the contribution to productivity is −0.0219241, and it is also not significant.

The proportion of the total effect mediated is −0.0219241/−1.75465, resulting in −0.0124948. The ratio of the indirect to direct effect is −0.0219241/−1.732726, equaling −0.0126529. The ratio of the total to direct effect corresponds to −1.75465/−1.732726, equaling −1.0126528. The proportion of the total effect that is mediated is almost -0.013, which is a small amount. The ratio of the indirect effect to the direct effect is about -0.013, and the total effect is about −1.013 times the direct effect.
