**1. Introduction**

Mental health problems are one of the most relevant disorders in occupational settings [1,2]. It is estimated that mental health problems are responsible for around 50% to 60% of all lost workdays [1]. In fact, many psychosocial risk factors often have a high impact on people's lives and lead to illnesses such as burnout, stress, anxiety, and depression [1,3]. One of the jobs in which there has been a significant increase in these problems is the teaching profession [2]. The mental health condition of teachers with different academic degrees continues to be a concern in different countries, as it can lead them to abandon the profession, as well as negatively influence students during the teaching-learning process [4]. Different risk factors have been contributing to this scenario, making it important to characterize them and implement appropriate measures to minimize psychosocial risks in the teaching profession.

It is undeniable that the world is changing rapidly due to the advancement of new technologies beyond the advancement of information technologies, leading us from the evolution of our society to the super-intelligent society called Society 5.0 [5]. This is a human-centered society that balances economic advancement with resolving social

**Citation:** Pimenta, A.; Ramos, D.; Santos, G.; Rodrigues, M.A.; Doiro, M. Psychosocial Risks in Teachers from Portugal and England on the Way to Society 5.0. *Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health* **2023**, *20*, 6347. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146347

Academic Editor: Jukka Takala

Received: 28 March 2023 Revised: 26 May 2023 Accepted: 7 July 2023 Published: 12 July 2023

**Copyright:** © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

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problems, and a system that integrates physical spaces and cyberspace [6,7]. Given this, the quality of life can be improved by applying Society 5.0 in education, especially for teachers in middle and secondary schools [6]. In Society 5.0, people expect social reform (innovation); with this, we will create a society that faces its future looking through its eyes, breaking the pattern that exists of being in stagnation. This will be a society where its members can show respect that will transcend generations, and all citizens can have an active and pleasant life [6].

In this study, we aim to characterize and compare psychosocial factors in Portuguese and British schoolteachers, identifying the main factors that affect teachers and providing possible solutions to minimize psychosocial risks according to the data evidence. These schools work mainly to ensure that students complete their secondary studies and do their assessments to join universities.

Through the comparison of the two countries' realities and curriculums, we wish to discuss findings in light of Society 5.0, by understanding how new developments in technology can help education to become better, with fewer issues related to mental health. It is the opinion of the authors of this work that Society 5.0 will contribute to the creation of a better future, which is based on the most advanced technologies, but which will have the human being at its center. It promises the creation of new value through innovation and the simultaneous promotion of economic development and effective solutions to social challenges. It will free individuals from the countless constraints to which they are subject today and will focus on imagination and creativity. It will be an intelligent society capable of achieving the sustainable development goals towards the ideal society [5,6].
