*1.1. Work Absenteeism and Sickness Absenteeism*

Work absenteeism is the absence or non-attendance of the worker at work, regardless of the reason and legality [9]. As reported by De Oliveira (2016, p. 14) [10], absenteeism can be understood as a phenomenon of multifactorial etiology, characterized by an unplanned absence from the workplace. In addition, absenteeism is understood as absences due to personal health problems, leading to medical leaves [4]. According to the ILO, absenteeism is the absence from work due to a worker's incapacity for the working tasks, caused by illness or an accident injury, or risk of transmission of some disease, excluding non-attendance at work resulting from pregnancy and imprisonment [11]. Sickness absenteeism is a phenomenon that affects private and public organizations since all work exercises can expose the worker to dangers inherent to the environment and general working conditions, regardless of the type of work. As reported by Rodrigues et al., (2013, p. 138) [5], absenteeism is a worldwide phenomenon of multidimensional character, resulting from non-specific complaints and declared illnesses, and its occurrence and evolution are influenced by socio-demographic, behavioral, and occupational factors, among others.
