*4.4. Statistical Assumptions*

The statistical assumptions including normality, reliability, and validity of the collected data were checked before hypothesis testing.

#### 4.4.1. Normality Analysis

Univariate normality can be accessed through skewness and kurtosis indices, which should lie between the absolute value of 3 and 10, respectively [77]. The skewness values for the current data lies between −1.888 and 0.210, while kurtosis values were between −0.928 and 3.05, hence showing univariate normality in the dataset.
