*3.1. Data Collection*

Self-administered survey forms were used for data collection. The purpose of the survey was to analyze the behavior of respondents toward the safety management practices, safety climate, level of safety consciousness, and safety performance of their firm and responsible leadership. A non-probability, convenience sampling technique was employed for respondent selection and data collection.

#### *3.2. Instrumentation*

For the measurement of safety management, an 18-item scale was adopted from Beatriz Fernández-Muñiz et al. [73]. The safety management scale has four subcategories, namely safety policy, training in safety, communication in prevention issues, and preventive planning. For the measurement of safety consciousness, a seven-item scale was adopted from Westaby and Lee [9]. Item samples are "I always take extra time to do things safely" and "People think of me as being an extremely safety-minded". A safety climate scale was adopted from Beatriz Fernández-Muñiz et al. [73] with seven items. Sample items are "Periodic checks conducted on execution of prevention plans and compliance level of regulations" and "Accidents and incidents reported, investigated, analyzed, and recorded". The variable safety performances were measured with the help of an eight-item scale developed and used by Beatriz Fernández-Muñiz et al. [74]. Similarly, a scale of responsible leadership with five items was adopted from Voegtlin [75]. Sample items are "My direct supervisor demonstrates awareness of the relevant stakeholder claims" and "My direct supervisor considers the consequences of decisions for the affected stakeholders". The survey instrument/questionnaire is attached in Appendix A.
