*3.2. Estimated Daily Intake of PAs*

Table 3 displays the EDIs for the studied (herbal) teas. With one cup of tea per day, the EDIs calculated based on the quantifiable levels of total PAs were ranged from 3.83 × <sup>10</sup>−<sup>4</sup> to 8.19 μg/kg bw/day. When using PA levels corrected by REP factors, EDIs were present in the range of 3.71 × <sup>10</sup>−<sup>5</sup> and 8.19 <sup>μ</sup>g/kg bw/day. It should be noted that tephroseris tea had EDIs of 8.19 μg/kg bw/day, no matter whether REP correction was applied or not. Besides, borage tea exhibited an EDI of 4.80 μg/kg bw/day when REP factors were not considered. These EDI values exceed a "tolerable daily intake" (TDI) of 0.1 μg/kg bw/day for the total PAs in (herbal) preparations or extracts, which was provided by the Dutch national institute for public health and the environment (RIVM) [14]. The TDI was derived based on the NOAEL of 0.01 mg/kg bw/day for non-neoplastic changes due to the chronic exposure of riddelliine in rats and an uncertainty factor of 100, and therefore indicates an exposure level of PAs that may cause non-carcinogenic effects.


**Table 3.** The EDIs for 21 types of (herbal) teas based on PA levels with or without REP correction.

n.a. not applicable. The EDIs in bold represent values higher than a TDI of 0.1 μg/kg bw/day for total PAs in (herbal) products, which was calculated by the RIVM [14].
