*3.3. Comparison of Fungal Microbiomes in MOR and AOF*

ANOSIM analysis was applied to test the difference between the two groups; the results show that MOR and AOF express statistical differences in fungal microbiomes (R = 0.2, *p* = 0.009, Figure 6a). LEfSe analysis was performed to calculate the differences in fungal taxa from the phylum to species level between different groups (LDA score = 4.0). In contrast to AOF samples, MOR samples had more abundant Ascomycota, but had less Basidiomycota. The relative abundance of the Aspergillaceae family was much higher in MOR samples, whereas Amanitaceae was more abundant in AOF samples. *Penicillium* and *Talaromyces* were detected more frequently in MOR samples, whereas *Amanita* was more abundant in AOF samples (Figure 6b).

**Figure 6.** Comparison of fungal microbiomes in the MOR and AOF samples. (**a**) Evident difference in fungal microbiomes between the MOR and AOF groups based on ANOSIM; (**b**) Differentially abundant fungal taxa between the MOR and AOF groups; (**c**) UPGMA clustering based on unweighted UniFrac distance analysis; and (**d**) Differentially abundant fungal taxa between the moldy and non–moldy samples.

As for the moldy and non-moldy samples, the result of hierarchical clustering analysis indicates that samples are clustered according to the presence or absence of macroscopic molds (Figure 6c). LEfSe analysis showed that none of the fungal taxa was found to be enriched in the MA group. In the NM group, three orders (Eurotiales, Hypocreales, and Glomerellales), two families (Aspergillaceae and Hypocreaceae), and two genera (*Penicillium* and *Trichoderma*) were enriched. In the NA group, one family (Amanitaceae) and three genera (*Amanita*, *Exophiala*, and *Clavispora*) were enriched. Moreover, *Talaromyces* was enriched in the MM group (Figure 6d).

#### **4. Discussion**
