**4. Conclusions**

This study demonstrated that when exposed to DMM, human Jurkat T cells' activity decreased with increasing DMM concentration, and the half-effective concentration (EC50) of DMM for Jurkat cells was 126.01 mg/L (0.32 mM). There was no significant change in apoptosis between EC10 and the control samples, but the ratio of the late apoptotic cells for the EC25 and EC50 treatments increased 1.93-, 4.37-fold higher than that of the control. Transcriptomics based on RNA sequencing indicated that compared to untreated samples (Ctr), 121 genes (81 upregulated, 40 downregulated) and 30 genes (17 upregulated, 13 downregulated) were significantly regulated when exposed to EC10 (L4) and EC25 (M21), respectively. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the DEGs were mostly involved in immune regulation and signal transduction pathways. The quantitative RT-PCR for the selected genes showed that the effect of low-dose DMM on gene expression was more significant than that of high-dose exposure. The results suggested that DMM exposure may cause immune system disturbance, and thus, negatively affect body health. In future, the in vivo experiments are necessary to further verify the immunotoxicity and target genes triggered by DMM.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/foods11233848/s1, Table S1: Primer sequences of quantitative real-time PCR for the selected genes; Table S2: List of significantly differential expressed genes (DEGs) between L4 and Ctr; Table S3: List of significantly differential expressed genes (DEGs) between M21 and Ctr; Table S4: Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs; Table S5: KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, Y.-C.L. and Y.-Z.Q.; methodology, S.-Y.L. and F.-B.M.; software, Y.-Y.X.; validation, S.-H.X.; formal analysis, Y.L.; investigation, J.Q.; resources, F.-B.M.; data curation, Y.-Z.Q.; writing—original draft preparation, S.-Y.L.; writing—review and editing, J.Q.; visualization, S.-H.X.; supervision, Y.-Z.Q.; project administration, F.-B.M.; funding acquisition, Y.-Z.Q. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1603000), the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-IQSTAP), and Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2022YFS0514).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this article are available on reasonable request, from the corresponding author.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
