*3.2. Effect of DMM on Cell Apoptosis*

Previous studies have indicated that cell apoptosis or programmed cell death is closely linked to cell proliferation in mammalian cells [36], and the Annexin-V/PI staining assay is a simple and effective method to detect apoptosis at a very early stage [3]. From the results of Figure 2A–D, there was no significant change in apoptosis between EC10 and the control group, but with the increasing DMM concentration, the ratio of the late apoptotic cells for the EC25 and EC50 treatments increased 1.93-, 4.37-fold higher than that of the control. The results indicated that DMM caused the apoptosis of Jurkat T cells in a concentrationdependent manner, which is consistent with the results predicted in the cell viability experiment, and could be used in subsequent experiments.
