2.1.1. Pesticides

The pesticides were purchased as three commercially available formulations (suspension concentrate; SC, water-dispersible granule; WG, and emulsifiable concentrate; EC). Diniconazole (SC, 5% active ingredient) was purchased from Dongbang agro Co., Ltd. (Seoul, South Korea). Chlorfenapyr (SC, 10% a.i.) was purchased from Shin Young agro Co., Ltd. (Seoul, South Korea). Imidacloprid (SC, 8% a.i.) was obtained from Bayer Crop Science (Seoul, South Korea). Thiamethoxam (WG, 10% a.i.), chlorantraniliprole (SC, 2.7% a.i.), fludioxonil (SC, 20% a.i.), and lufenuron (EC, 5% a.i.) were purchased from Syngenta Korea (Seoul, South Korea). Indoxacarb (WG, 5% a.i.) was purchased from Hanearl Science (Gangwon-do, Taebaek-si, South Korea). Azoxystrobin (SC, 21.7% a.i.) and pyraclostrobin (SC, 20% a.i.) were purchased from Chunjiinbiotec (Gangwon-do, Taebaek-si, South Korea).
