*2.12. Total Phenolic Content*

The phenolic compound was measured according to [25]. In brief, 0.5 mL of extract was placed in a test tube, and 1 mL of Folin Ciocalteau reagent was added. The mixture was vortexed and stored for 5 min. After that, 2 mL of 2.5% Na2CO3 and 4 mL of distilled water were added to the mixture, immediately vortexed, and stored in a dark place for 30 min. The absorbance of the mixture was measured at 760 nm. The result of absorbance was plotted in a gallic acid standard curve. The result was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g sample.

### *2.13. Total Flavonoid Content*

The flavonoid content was examined based on a previous report by [26]. An amount of 0.5 mL of extract was mixed with 0.3, 0.3, and 2 mL of 5% NaNO2, 10% AlCl3, and 1 M NaOH, respectively, in a 10 mL volumetric flask. After that, the distilled water was added to the volume. The mixture was then homogenized. The absorbance of the mixture was measured at 510 nm. The catechin and distilled water were used as standard and blank, respectively, and the result was expressed as mg catechin equivalent/g sample.
