**2. Materials and Methods**

#### *2.1. Ethics Statement*

We recruited older adults with a hip fracture between 1 January 2015, and 30 September 2019, at the largest trauma center in Northwest China.

The Ethics Committee of our hospital (No. 202201009) approved this retrospective study. All human procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its subsequent amendments. The study was conducted according to the STROCSS 2021 guidelines [21].
