**1. Introduction**

The international community can debate equality and equity definitions and terminology, but fundamentally, are we considerate of individuals and their rights, needs, and convenience to access trustworthy and quality preventive health services, such as immunization? Are our health workers confident, satisfied, and sufficiently and proactively resourced in their work to provide these services to each individual, notably in rural, dense urban, fragile, or emergency settings with limited or no modern technology? These questions are explored in this article, including what it takes to sustain and expand a large-scale public health program, such as immunization, to ensure coverage, quality, equity, and inclusiveness. We reflect on this in the context of India's Universal Immunization Program (UIP) and the stewardship, policies, and initiatives for vaccine supply and program advances, technology innovations, and the legacy of learnings (such as from the Polio Eradication Initiative) to boost coverage and reduce inequities in routine immunization.
