**3. Performance Parameters and Shading Scenarios**

This unique MPP is due to P-V curves and PSCs in PV modules in an array. The MPP tracking device function refuses to give the maximum power to the load because of redundant GMPP and LMPP. In the performance assessment under standard test conditions, maximum power and voltage were found to be 180.2 W and 58.09 V, respectively. Figure 10 shows the performance characteristics under uniform irradiances as a result of the P-V and I-V curves.

**Figure 10.** (**a**) I-V (**b**) P-V curves under STC and nonuniform irradiation levels.

### *3.1. Power and Voltage at GMPP*

During the PSCs, multiple power points, i.e., GMPP and LMPP, were observed on the P-V curve. The higher power value is known as "power at GMPP (*P GMPP*)". Furthermore, at which value of voltage, the higher power at GMPP is also called the "voltage at GMPP (*V GMPP*)".
