**2. Related Works**

The following is a list of the most significant research topics on energy management that have been studied over the course of the last few years. The research conducted in [8] examined the most effective way to manage energy in renewable microgrids by taking into consideration batteries, solar panels, and wind turbines. The work in [9] analyzes the impact that wind and solar hybrid power generation technologies have on the performance of a sustainable microgrid. It is illustrated that a larger penetration of hybrid renewable energy sources might bring possible answers, provided they are controlled in the appropriate manner. The effects of uncertainty that are connected with RESs may be simulated by utilizing a stochastic technique that is based on Monte Carlo as described in [10]. The administration and maintenance of renewable microgrids is discussed in [11] from the perspective of a data-driven paradigm. When it comes to microgrids, ref. [12] makes use of the same research, but this time with a concentration on WSNs. It has been discovered that a microgrid that runs on renewable energy sources and fitted with a number of sensors is susceptible to being hacked. The creation of hydrogen by a renewable microgrid and the recovery of thermal energy by a fuel cell are the topics of discussion in [13]. By adopting multi-objective switching, the power losses and related costs with renewable sources may be minimized and optimized, as shown in [14]. Research of a similar kind is shown in [15] with regard to the influence that switching has on the most appropriate management strategy and course of action for microgrids. In [16], the authors conducted an analysis to see how the functioning of microgrids will be impacted by electric cars. According to [17], it is important to estimate charging needs for electric cars based on a detailed inspection and analysis of their erratic conduct in a complex environment. In order to do this, it is necessary to examine and analyze the erratic behavior of electric vehicles. Ref. [18] goes into more detail on the advantages and disadvantages of these kinds of systems, as well research that is relevant to both. In most cases, the energy management system (EMS) is not just concerned with preserving the energy balance inside the microgrid but it also has additional objectives in mind. The reduction of operating expenses, pollutants, and losses might be among these aims, in addition to a great number of other objectives, the attainment of which is contingent on the reason for the creation of such systems. A good number of these management systems additionally integrate various objectives in a manner that is multi-objective [19]. The probabilistic solar radiation forecasting that was produced in [20] made use of an analogue ensemble approach. In [21], it was recommended that ensemble forecasting based on empirical biasing be used to anticipate the geographical as well as temporal day ahead total daily radiation. This would be possible via the use of empirical biasing. In [22], Las-so was used to provide a radiation prediction for the next 5 min.
