**3. Modeling and Description of the Entire System**

Figure 1 illustrates the BLDC motor with a PV-powered, battery-operated architectural arrangement for EV applications. From left to right in Figure 1, the system consists of a solar PV array, a DC-DC converter, a battery, a VSI, and a BLDC motor. The PV array produces power and is given as an input to the DC-DC boost converter, which utilizes the MPA technique to operate the MOSFET switch. To get more power output from the PV array, the MPPT algorithm is implemented. The boost converter is used to provide the essential power for battery charging; the PV is serially connected to the battery bank, to operate the BLDC motor through an inverter. The electronics commutation is used to generate the switching pulse required for an inverter connected with a BLDC motor. In the following sections, we will discuss how to create and control the suggested system.

**Figure 1.** Circuit arrangement for the advanced battery-operated, solar PV-powered, BLDC motoroperated system.
