(b) Shadowing pattern-II

Based on the different methodologies and placement of integer numbers, these are responsible for developing the game puzzle with shade dispersion capability as shown in Figure 12a–e. With the consideration of nonuniform shade profiles from minimum to maximum irradiance ranges such as 300 W/m2, 600 W/m2, 700 W/m2 and 900 W/m2, a comprehensive study was carried out with existing and game-theory-based arrangements.

**Figure 12.** (**a**–**e**) Shade dispersion profiles for pattern-II.

To understand the feasibility of the considered reconfiguration methodologies, a theoretical assessment of row-wise current was performed. The theoretical row-wise current generated by the usual SP design is expressed in Equations (17)–(20). Table 3 depicts the theoretical current assessment of other game-theory-based PV array systems.

$$I\_{l1} = I\_{l2} = I\_{l3} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{l1} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{l1} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{l1} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{l1} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{lm} + \\\begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{lm} = 5.4 I\_m$$

$$I\_{r4} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{700}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{ll} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{ll} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{ll} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{ll} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} + \\\begin{pmatrix} \frac{700}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} = 5I\_{m} \end{pmatrix} \tag{18}$$

$$I\_{r5} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{700}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{600}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{900}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{600}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} + \\\begin{pmatrix} \frac{700}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} = 4.38 I\_{m} \end{pmatrix} \tag{19}$$

$$I\_{r6} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{700}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{600}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{300}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{300}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} + \begin{pmatrix} \frac{600}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} + \\\begin{pmatrix} \frac{700}{1000} \end{pmatrix} I\_{m} = \mathbf{3.19I\_{m}} \end{pmatrix} \tag{20}$$

**Table 3.** Theoretical assessment: PV performance under shading pattern-II.



**Table 3.** *Cont.*
