Internal Effects: Institutionalization

The output is a modified object which generates certain individual or group effects, organizational effects, or external effects. The output indicates the type of effect the result of the change has on the environment of the change system. These effects need to be stabilized; in other words, the change must become an integral part of the social system, which occurs in the integration phase. Institutionalization can be seen as a form of integration.

The article titled Institutionalization of Organizational Change Outcomes in Development Cooperation Projects: The Mediating Role of Internal Stakeholder Change-Related Beliefs by Mugenyi Andrew Ronnie examines how the change-related beliefs of internal stakeholders, organizational characteristics, and project characteristics relate to the institutionalization process of project outcomes. The study uses the lens of organizational change institutionalization models to project the notion that outcomes will be institutionalized in the organization if the internal stakeholders consistently engage in project-targeted behaviors, to the point where they become "social facts".

External Effects: Consumption Behavior

The article titled Exploring Factors Affecting Sustainable Consumption Behavior by Mina Angelova, Svetoslav Ivanov, and Tsvetelina Mihaylova concerns the external effects of changes in a company. The way in which the changes that occur during task execution influence consumer behavior has yet to be studied in depth. The study aims to investigate the effect of environmental knowledge (EK), materialism (MAT), environmental influences (EIs), the promotion of sustainable consumption (PSC), and sustainable consumption behavior intention (SCBI) on sustainable consumption behavior (SCB). The study finds that environmental knowledge, environmental influences, and the promotion of sustainable consumption all have a positive effect on sustainable consumption behavior.

External environment

The final article by Dima Jamali, Charlotte Karam, and Rana Atweh studies how the external environment influences organizational behavior.

Their article, entitled The Institutionalization of Implicit and Explicit CSR in a Developing Country Context: The Case of Lebanon, presents a qualitative study pertaining to the interface between businesses and society that primarily focuses on the prominent institutional factors influencing the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by organizations in Lebanon. The study found that explicit social responsibility initiatives are driven by predominantly normative and mimetic institutional pressures.
