*Article* **Modeling Analysis on Coupling Mechanisms of Mountain–Basin Human–Land Systems: Take Yuxi City as an Example**

**Li Wu 1,2, Yanjun Yang <sup>1</sup> and Binggeng Xie 2,\***


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**Abstract:** The result of a human–land relationship in geographical environment systems is a human– land coupling system, which is a comprehensive process of interaction and infiltration between human economic and social systems and the natural ecosystem. Based on the recognition that the human–land system is a nonlinear system coupled by multiple factors, a time delay fractional order dynamics model with a Holling-II-type transformation rate was constructed, the stability analysis of the system was carried out, the transformation times of different land classes were clarified, and the coupled dynamics model parameters of mountainous areas and basin areas were obtained by using the land-use change survey data and socio-economic statistical data in Yuxi City, respectively: the transformation parameter of the production and living land to the unused land in mountainous areas and basin areas (*aM*, 0.0486 and *aB*, 0.0126); the transformation parameter of unused land to production and living land in mountainous areas and basin areas (*bM* 0.0062 and *bB*, 0.0139); the transformation parameter of unused land to the forest and grass land in mountainous areas and basin areas (*sM*, 0.0051 and *sB*, 0.0028); the land area required to maintain the individual unit in mountainous areas and basin areas (*hM*, 0.0335 and *hB*, 0.0165); the average reclamation capacity in mountainous areas and basin areas (*dM*, 0.03 and *dB*, 0.05); the inherent growth rate of populations in mountainous areas and basin areas (*rM*, 0.0563 and *rB*, 0.151). Through analyzing the coupling mechanisms of human–land systems, the countermeasures for the difference between mountainous areas and basin areas in the future development are put forward. The mountainous area should reduce the conversion of forest and grass land to production and living land by reducing the average reclamation or development capacity, reducing the excessive interference of human beings on unused land, and speeding up its natural recovery and succession to forest and grass land. In addition to reducing the average reclamation or development capacity in basin areas, the reclamation or development rate of the idle land and degraded land should be increased, and the conversion of idle land and degraded land into productive and living land should be encouraged by certain scientific and technological means.

**Keywords:** mountain–basin human–land system; land-use change; land dynamical model with Holling-II type; coupling mechanism; Yuxi City
