*Article* **Sn-Doped Hydrated V2O5 Cathode Material with Enhanced Rate and Cycling Properties for Zinc-Ion Batteries**

**Kai Guo 1,2, Wenchong Cheng 1, Haiyuan Liu 1, Wenhao She 1, Yinpeng Wan 1, Heng Wang 1, Hanbin Li 1, Zidan Li 1, Xing Zhong 1, Jinbo Ouyang 1,\* and Neng Yu 1,\***


**Abstract:** Water molecules and cations with mono, binary, and triple valences have been intercalated into V2O5 to significantly improve its electrochemical properties as a cathode material of zinc-ion batteries. Sn as a tetravalent element is supposed to interact aggressively with the V2O5 layer and have a significant impact on the electrochemical performance of V2O5. However, it has been rarely investigated as a pre-intercalated ion in previous works. Hence, it is intriguing and beneficial to develop water molecules and Sn co-doped V2O5 for zinc-ion batteries. Herein, Sn-doped hydrated V2O5 nanosheets were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis, and they demonstrated that they had a high specific capacity of 374 mAh/g at 100 mA/g. Meanwhile, they also showed an exceptional rate capability with 301 mAh/g even at a large current density of 10 A/g, while it was only 40 mAh/g for the pristine hydrated V2O5, and an excellent cycling life (87.2% after 2500 cycles at 5 A/g), which was far more than the 25% of the pure hydrated V2O5. The dramatic improvement of the rate and cycling performance is mainly attributed to the faster charge transfer kinetics and the enhanced crystalline framework. The remarkable electrochemical performance makes the Sn-doped hydrate V2O5 a potential cathode material for zinc-ion batteries.

**Keywords:** vanadium pentoxide; cathode; doping; rate performance; stability
