*2.10. DPPH Scavenging Activity of Babchi Oil Nanoemulgel*

The lowering property of DPPH produced by the antioxidant was measured by observing a decrease at 517 nm of absorbance and the colorless occurrence of color violet was noted. Babchi oil nanoemulgel's potential for the activity of antioxidants was reduced a little compared to the conventional formulation. The Babchi oil nanoemulgel produced an antioxidant activity of 69.1% while the conventional formulation produced 91.25%. Through these values, the potential for antioxidant activity of Babchi oil nanoemulgel was demonstrated as it did not change through entrapment within the formulation.

mulation was plotted and depicted in Figure 8.

**Figure 5.** In vitro release study of optimized nanoemulsion and release suspension. **Figure 5.** In vitro release study of optimized nanoemulsion and release suspension.

0.9414 and was plotted in Figure 6d. It was observed that Babchi oil nanoemulgel followed the Korsmeyer Peppas model and produced the most significant results of drug release with time. Higuchi model was considered the best with the Korsmeyer Peppas model producing the most potent diffusion. Figure 7 depicts the results obtained for studies of absorption (nM). The percentage of drug release by time graph of the nanoemulsion for‐

**Figure 6.** Different models used for in vitro release studies: (**a**) Zero order release model (**b**) First order release model (**c**) Higuchi model (**d**) Korsmeyer Peppas model. **Figure 6.** Different models used for in vitro release studies: (**a**) Zero order release model (**b**) First order release model (**c**) Higuchi model (**d**) Korsmeyer Peppas model.

**Figure 7.** Absorption observed at different concentrations of nanoemulgel.

order release model (**c**) Higuchi model (**d**) Korsmeyer Peppas model.

*Gels* **2022**, *8*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 21

**Figure 6.** Different models used for in vitro release studies: (**a**) Zero order release model (**b**) First

**Figure 7.** Absorption observed at different concentrations of nanoemulgel. **Figure 7.** Absorption observed at different concentrations of nanoemulgel.

**Figure 8.** Release kinetics of nanoemulgel observed. **Figure 8.** Release kinetics of nanoemulgel observed.

### *2.10. DPPH Scavenging Activity of Babchi Oil Nanoemulgel 2.11. Dermatokinetic Study*

The lowering property of DPPH produced by the antioxidant was measured by ob‐ serving a decrease at 517 nm of absorbance and the colorless occurrence of color violet was noted. Babchi oil nanoemulgel's potential for the activity of antioxidants was reduced a little compared to the conventional formulation. The Babchi oil nanoemulgel produced an antioxidant activity of 69.1% while the conventional formulation produced 91.25%. Through these values, the potential for antioxidant activity of Babchi oil nanoemulgel was demonstrated as it did not change through entrapment within the formulation. *2.11. Dermatokinetic Study* The quantity of Babchi oil present in the epidermis and dermis on rat skin following the application of the nanoemulgel formulation at different intervals of time was analyzed by ANOVA for statistical analysis to compare the epidermal and dermal layers of rat skin. Table 2 depicts the dermatokinetic study chart. It was revealed that the nanoemulgel for‐ mulation had a higher value of C skin max with 220.049 ± 5.00 μg/cm2 while the conven‐ tional medicine was lower on the epidermis. It was observed that the conventional for‐ mulation produced a higher value of C skin max with 375.918 ± 11.00 μg/cm2 in compari‐ son to the nanoemulgel formulation on the dermis. The area under the curve (AUC) of the formulation was highest in the epidermal layer of the nanoemulgel formulation with a The quantity of Babchi oil present in the epidermis and dermis on rat skin following the application of the nanoemulgel formulation at different intervals of time was analyzed by ANOVA for statistical analysis to compare the epidermal and dermal layers of rat skin. Table 2 depicts the dermatokinetic study chart. It was revealed that the nanoemulgel formulation had a higher value of C skin max with 220.049 <sup>±</sup> 5.00 <sup>µ</sup>g/cm<sup>2</sup> while the conventional medicine was lower on the epidermis. It was observed that the conventional formulation produced a higher value of C skin max with 375.918 <sup>±</sup> 11.00 <sup>µ</sup>g/cm<sup>2</sup> in comparison to the nanoemulgel formulation on the dermis. The area under the curve (AUC) of the formulation was highest in the epidermal layer of the nanoemulgel formulation with a value of 872.4898 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> while the conventional formulation presented with a value of 114.569 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> . The dermis layer presented a higher value of conventional formulation with the value of 375.918 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> while the nanoemulgel produced only 164.875 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> . The Ke value nanoemulgel formulation on epidermal and dermal layers was 0.1329 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> and 0.1393 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> , respectively, while the conventional formulation produced 0.1377 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> and 0.1391 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> , respectively. This suggested better penetration of nanoemulgel formulation and its elasticity along with the activator when the nanoemulgel is applied topically. Figure 9 depicts the images obtained through CLSM within the perpendicular cross-section of optimal skin surface of rats while Figure 10a,b

value of 872.4898 μg/cm2 while the conventional formulation presented with a value of 114.569 μg/cm2. The dermis layer presented a higher value of conventional formulation

The Ke value nanoemulgel formulation on epidermal and dermal layers was 0.1329 μg/cm2 and 0.1393 μg/cm2, respectively, while the conventional formulation produced 0.1377 μg/cm2 and 0.1391 μg/cm2, respectively. This suggested better penetration of nanoemulgel formulation and its elasticity along with the activator when the nanoemulgel is applied topically. Figure 9 depicts the images obtained through CLSM within the per‐ pendicular cross‐section of optimal skin surface of rats while Figure 10a,b depicts the ef‐ fects of Babchi oil nanoemulgel on epidermis and dermis concentration, respectively.

depicts the effects of Babchi oil nanoemulgel on epidermis and dermis concentration, respectively.
