*2.4. Field Trials*

In a comparison of the power consumption and operational effects of EDEM simulation and actual soil entry conditions, in field trials, the length of the experiment area is 200 m, and the width is 15 m. The experiment area belongs to the plain area with two crops a year, with an average annual precipitation of about 600 mm, and the soil texture is loam. The first crop of the experiment field is wheat, the vegetation coverage before tillage is 302.4 g/m2, the soil firmness of 0–250 mm thick is 2098.0 kPa, the absolute soil moisture content is 21.63%, the average volume mass is 1.67 g/cm3, and the temperature during the experiment is 28 ◦C. We connected the torque sensors and the farm machinery test box to the rotary tiller and the tractor and debugged them to ensure that the test system could complete the work normally, as shown in Figure 8.

**Figure 8.** Data acquisition hint.

The power (P) is measured by a torque sensor mounted between the tractor and the coupling.

The rate of soil crushed (RC) is determined by measuring a 200 mm × 200 mm × 200 mm full tilled layer of soil on ploughed land. The size of the sampled soil is divided into three classes according to their side lengths: 0–4 cm, 4–8 cm, and 8 cm or more, and the percentage of soil mass from 0–4 cm to the total mass is the rate of soil fragmentation, measured one point per stroke.

The straw burial rate (RB)was determined by separating and weighing the straw from the soil at 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, 10–15 cm, 15–20 cm, and 20–25 cm. During the sampling process, samples were taken strictly in accordance with the sampling frame and the boundaries of the tillage layer. Straw beyond the boundaries was cut off with scissors, keeping only the straw within the boundaries of the sampling area, and finally, the weight of each layer was used for statistical analysis.

The rotary tiller was connected to the tractor through a three-point suspension, and the torque sensor was installed at the end of the power take-off shaft. The rotary tiller was connected to the tractor through a three-point suspension, and the torque sensor was installed at the end of the power take-off shaft. The rototiller is mounted in the middle of the blade shaft, and to facilitate the same experimental conditions as the simulation, the soil is treated as a monopoly with a height of 250 mm and a width of 200 mm to facilitate the entry of a 150 mm radius rototiller stick into the soil. The structure diagram is shown in Figure 9.

**Figure 9.** Schematic diagram of field test component links.
