*5.2. Test Index and Test Results*

Since there are no related standards or regulations on mechanized cabbage harvesting. This experiment is based on GB/Z 26582-2011 Production Technical Practice for Cabbage [27] and JB/T 6276-2007 Testing Methods of Beet Harvesting Machinery [28] to select the qualified rate of harvesting as the standard for the harvesting test.

In the single-factor test affecting the qualified rate of cabbage harvest, other influencing factors should be fixed first. By changing one of the factors to obtain the variable relationship between the harvest pass rate and each test factor. Before the test, the machine is idle, and the test is carried out after the machine runs normally. Each group of tests was repeated 5 times, and 30 cabbages were tested each time. After the end of each group of experiments, the total number of test cabbages, the total number of successfully pulled cabbages, the total number of successfully clamped and transported cabbages, the total number of successfully cut cabbages, and the total number of qualified harvests were counted, respectively. Taking the qualified rate of cabbage harvest and the success rate of each link as the evaluation index, the initial level of each factor was set as follows: the rotation speed of the pulling roller was 100 r/min, the rotation speed of the conveyor belt was 160 r/min, and the rotation speed of the cutter head was 140 r/min.


The standard of mechanized harvesting of cabbage: At harvest, 2–3 outer leaves (rosette leaves) were retained to protect the leaf balls and ensure that the epidermis was clean and free of cracks.

Qualified rate of harvesting: The harvest qualified rate of cabbage was defined according to the production technical specifications of cabbage and the harvest quality requirements of stem and leaf vegetables: (1) The section of the cutting root must be smooth, and the two sections cannot be broken or cut out. (2) The cutting position should be 10–15 mm above the cabbage outer leaf, and the outer leaf should be cut off at the same time. (3) After

harvest, 2–3 outer leaves were retained to protect the leaf head. (4) No crack ball, extrusion damage, cutting damage, and so on caused by the harvesting operation occurred. The formula for the harvest-qualified rate is as follows:

$$N = \frac{N\_1}{N\_0} \times 100\% \tag{37}$$

where *N* is the qualified rate of harvest, %; *N*<sup>1</sup> is the number of qualified cabbages harvested in a single test; and *N*<sup>0</sup> is the total number of cabbages harvested in a single test.

The test results of the pulling link, clamping and conveying link, and cutting link are shown in Tables 4–6.


**Table 4.** Analysis of single-factor test results of pulling roller speed.

**Table 5.** Analysis of single-factor test results of clamping conveying speed.


**Table 6.** Analysis of single-factor test results of cutting speed.


In the single-factor test, the damage types of cabbage and the qualified cabbage are shown in Figure 19.

**Figure 19.** Damage types of cabbage: (**a**) broken cabbage; (**b**) scratched cabbage; (**c**) cabbage with cut loss; (**d**) harvest qualified cabbage.
