*2.1. Experimental Design*

As shown in Figure 1, the specific workflow of the apple flowering stage monitoring method is as follows: Step 1: obtain images of complete apple trees in the experimental area of the orchard at the flowering stage. Step 2: label the obtained images according to bud, half-open, fully open, and end-open using labelimg, and obtain the labeled image file. Step 3: slice the annotated image using the SAHI algorithm and blend it with the original image. Step 4: build the S-YOLO model and use the blended dataset for model training and validation. Step 5: use the trained model for apple blossom detection. Step 6: perform data analysis on the detection results. Step 7: implement flowering intensity estimation and flowering period monitoring.

**Figure 1.** Workflow for monitoring the flowering state of modern standardized apple orchards.
