**2. Results**

## *2.1. Comparison of Agrobacterium Infection Efficiency of Different Infiltration Methods*

In this study, we used the tip needle injection method, which requires 1–2 mL bacterial solution and takes 15–20 s to infiltrate a whole leaf (Figure 1a), compared with the conventional leaf infiltration method, which commonly requires at least 5 mL of bacterial solution and takes 1–2 min to infiltrate a leaf (Figure 1b). The reason for such a large difference is the waxy layer on the surface of the leaves of the *Lycoris*. It is difficult to inject *Agrobacterium* solution into the entire leaf when infiltrating. To infiltrate the whole leaf, multiple wounds need to be created. In addition, the infiltration process is very easy to cause the loss of *Agrobacterium* solution, and more wounds are not conducive to normal plant growth and development, thus affecting the experimental results. The tip needle injection method is an easier way to infiltrate the whole leaf, as well as being more efficient, simple to operate, and able to save more solution.

**Figure 1.** Comparison of tip needle injection method and traditional injection infiltration method. (**a**) Tip needle injection method to infect leaves of *L. chinensis*. (**b**) Traditional infiltration method to infect leaves of *L. chinensis*. The red oval area shows the infection solution that was successfully injected into the leaf.
