*2.1. Molecular Evolution and Species Diversity*

Zhang et al. investigated the TPS gene family in eight sequenced Rosaceae species through classification, chromosomal location, orthologous relationships and duplication analysis. The results showed that the distribution of the TPS gene family among Rosaceae species revealed an assortment of family numbers and functions, and further observed that lineage-specific expansions of the TPSs accompanied by frequent domain loss were widely observed within different TPS clades [1]. Zhang et al. conducted the transcriptome sequencing of *Luculia yunnanensis*. Then, the MISA (Microsatellite) tool was used to identify SSR loci from all unigenes, and a total of 15,384 SSRs were identified. Furthermore, 17 of the synthesized EST-SSR primers can be used for subsequent population genetic diversity analyses and molecular marker-assisted breeding [2]. Yuan et al. compared the population structure and genetic diversity of a distylous herb, *Hedyotis chyrsotricha* (Rubiaceae), in two contrasting island systems of southeast China. RAD-Seq data emphasized that the matrix of water in the island system may facilitate the seed (fruit) dispersal of *H. chrysotricha*, thus maintaining population connectivity and providing ongoing resilience to the lasting effects of habitat fragmentation [3].
