*3.2. Factor Analysis*

The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure was 0.84, indicating that the sample size was adequate for factor analysis. Additionally, the p-value for Bartlett's test of sphericity was <0.001, denoting that the correlation matrix was suitable for factor analysis. The results of the exploratory factor analysis are presented in Table 2. There were four factors, including the 16 items out of the 24 questionnaire items. This four-factor model explained 50% of the questionnaire's variance. According to common sense and the meaning of items, we characterized the factors as the following: (a) COVID-19 knowledge, (b) Attitudes toward restriction measures, (c) Compliance with restriction measures, (d) Volunteering.


**Table 1.** Students' demographic characteristics.

<sup>a</sup> mean, standard deviation.


#### **Table 2.** Exploratory factor analysis for the 24 questionnaire items.

Values express loadings.
