**5. Conclusions**

With all the tests and analyses performed, it can be concluded that


all specimens. The VA enhances the von Mises stress value by 11.5% compared to conventional ball burnishing.

• The wear decreased by 7.3% when using VABB instead of BB. It is also reported that the increase in the number of passes and the burnishing force helps to enhance its resistance. It is also found that there exists a relation between the von Mises residual stress and the wear of the tribology testing.

These results confirm the positive effect of vibration-assisted ball burnishing compared to conventional ball burnishing in terms of wear resistance and increase in residual stresses in 316L shafts. However, further questions can be made starting with the analysis of the microstructure evolution and depth affectation when using different burnishing parameters. This may help to understand the hardness profile in depth and add more complementary information to the residual stresses and the wear reported, which may be related. Another point of focus is to perform a wider range of burnishing parameters and see if there is a variation in the coefficient of friction once the microstructure is analyzed by performing EBSD and TEM tests.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, E.V.-C., V.W., R.J.-M., J.A.T.-R., J.L. and G.D.; methodology, E.V.-C., V.W., R.J.-M. and J.L.; software, E.V.-C., V.W. and J.L.; validation, V.W., R.J.-M., J.A.T.-R., J.L. and G.D.; formal analysis, E.V.-C., V.W., J.L. and G.D.; investigation, E.V.-C., J.A.T.-R. and J.L.; resources, V.W., R.J.-M., J.A.T.-R., J.L. and G.D.; data curation, E.V.-C.; writing—original draft preparation, E.V.-C.; writing—review and editing, E.V.-C., V.W., R.J.-M., J.A.T.-R., J.L. and G.D.; visualization, E.V.-C.; supervision, V.W., R.J.-M., J.A.T.-R., J.L. and G.D.; project administration, G.D.; funding acquisition, R.J.-M., J.A.T.-R., J.L. and G.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, through grant PDC2022-133596-I00, which is greatly appreciated.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time, as the data also form part of an ongoing study.

**Acknowledgments:** We would like to really thank Karl Delbé and Metallicadour's staff for the help with testing machines.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
