**3. Results**

#### *3.1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population*

Table 2 shows the baseline characteristics of the study population according to the OBS tertiles in men and women. In men, the T1 group had higher levels of MBP (*p* = 0.001), serum glucose (*p* = 0.008), insulin (*p* < 0.001), total cholesterol (*p* < 0.001), triglyceride (*p* < 0.001), CRP (*p* < 0.001), and total energy intake (*p* < 0.001) and had lower levels of HDL cholesterol (*p* < 0.001). In women, the T1 group had higher levels of MBP (*p* < 0.001), serum glucose (*p* < 0.001), insulin (*p* < 0.001), total cholesterol (*p* < 0.001), triglyceride (*p* < 0.001), CRP (*p* < 0.001), and total energy intake (*p* < 0.001) and had lower levels of HDL cholesterol (*p* < 0.001). The proportion of higher education level and household income was significantly higher in the T3 group in both men and women.

**Table 2.** Baseline characteristics of the study population.


\* *p*-value for the comparison of the baseline characteristics among sex-specific tertile groups of oxidative balance scores at the baseline survey. Significance was set at *p* < 0.05. Abbreviations: MBP, mean blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein.

Table 3 shows the baseline characteristics of individual components in relation to sex-specific OBS tertile groups. In both men and women, the T3 group had a higher SFA (*p* < 0.001), omega-6 PUFA (*p* < 0.001), total iron (*p* < 0.001), omega-3 PUFA (*p* < 0.001), vitamin C (*p* < 0.001), vitamin E (*p* < 0.001), selenium (*p* < 0.001), and beta-carotene intake (*p* < 0.001). In both men and women, those in the T1 group were more likely to be people with obesity (*p* < 0.001), current drinkers (*p* < 0.001), and current smokers (*p* < 0.001); had abdominal obesity (*p* < 0.001); and had lower physical activity (*p* < 0.001) than other groups.


**Table 3.** Individual components of the score by oxidative balance score tertiles.

\* *p*-value for the comparison of the baseline characteristics among sex-specific tertile groups of oxidative balance score at the baseline survey. Significance was set at *p* < 0.05. Abbreviations: PUFA, poly-unsaturated fatty acid; MET, metabolic equivalent of task.
