*2.5. Covariates*

Questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic information, including age, sex, race and ethnicity, physical activity, and parental education. Ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, or Other. Parental education was categorized as "Did not complete high school", "Completed high school", "Completed more than high school", or "Don't know". At baseline, physical activity was assessed as a binary variable, where participants responded yes or no to the question "Do you exercise?". At follow-up, physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form [41], and metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes were calculated according to the scoring guidelines. Participants were considered to have "high" physical activity if they met either of the following criteria: (1) reported vigorous physical activity (VPA) three or more days per week and 1500 or more MET min per week or (2) seven days of any combination of VPA, moderate physical activity (MPA), and walking for at least 3000 MET min. Participants were considered to have "moderate" physical activity if they (1) reported at least 3 days of VPA where the activity lasted at least 30 min or (2) five or more days of MPA or walking where the activity lasted at least 30 min or (3) five or more days of some combination of VPA, MPA, and walking for at least 600 MET min. Participants were categorized as having "low" physical activity if they did not meet any of these criteria.
