**5. Conclusions**

Our study identified a more pro-inflammatory diet in the diabetic participants compared with the general Americans. Participants with a higher DII score were at higher risk of 5-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The prognostic value of DII existed only in individuals with type 2 diabetes but not in the normoglycemia or prediabetes group. The result calls for a comprehensive assessment of the dietary inflammatory potential in diabetic patients. Moreover, whether an anti-inflammatory dietary adjustment can improve the long-term prognosis of diabetes should be assessed in future trials.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/nu14132556/s1, Table S1: Survival analysis of the relationship between DII scores and long-term mortality.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, K.D. and S.Y.; methodology, C.S. and S.Y.; software, S.Y. and J.H.; validation, R.Z. and J.H.; formal analysis, S.Y.; investigation, C.S.; resources, R.Z.; data curation, R.Z.; writing—original draft preparation, S.Y.; writing—review and editing, C.S. and K.D.; visualization, S.Y.; supervision, K.D.; project administration, K.D.; funding acquisition, K.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS), grant number 2021-I2M-1-008 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 81870277. The APC was funded by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS), grant number 2021-I2M-1-008.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** All data are available at NHANES website https://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/nhanes/index.htm (accessed on 1 June 2022).

**Acknowledgments:** The NHANES protocol was approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

#### **References**

