*3.2. Fasting Glucose and Glucose Tolerance*

There were no statistically significant cross-sectional associations between fasting glucose and any dietary index at either visit or between change in diet scores and change in fasting glucose between visits (Figure 2).

Higher HEI scores and higher MDS were associated with lower 2-h glucose values at baseline in the cross-sectional analyses (HEI: β = −7.01, 95% CI: −12.86, −1.16; MDS: β = −7.43, 95% CI: −13.25, −1.61) (Figure 2). Follow-up HEI and DASH scores were inversely associated with 2-h glucose at the same visit (HEI: β = −8.64, 95% CI: −16.16, −1.12; DASH: β = −8.25, 95% CI: −15.71, −0.78) and with glucose AUC (HEI: β = −11.34, 95% CI: −20.84, −1.84; DASH: β = −10.99, 95% CI: −20.44, −1.53).

**Figure 2.** Coefficient plots for the effects of diet quality on glucose measurements. "Baseline" and "follow-up" values are the result of cross-sectional analyses of diet quality score and each outcome. The value for "change between visits" represents the association between the change in diet score between the baseline and the follow-up visit on the change in outcome between visits. Effects are scaled to one standard deviation of exposure. Covariates: *Baseline and follow*-*up models:* HEI, DASH, and DII models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, physical activity, and parental education. MDS models adjusted for energy intake, age, ethnicity, physical activity, and parental education. *Change between visits models:* Baseline and follow-up model covariates + baseline diet score. Abbreviations: DASH: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; DII: Dietary Inflammatory Index; HEI: Healthy Eating Index—2015; MDS: Mediterranean Diet Score.

#### *3.3. Hemoglobin A1c*

There were no statistically significant associations between HbA1c and any dietary index. However, there were consistent inverse relationships between higher HEI and DASH scores and HbA1c at both visits and between change in HEI or DASH and change in HbA1c between visits although these did not reach the threshold for statistical significance (Figure 2).
