*2.1. Materials and Equipment*

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) reagents were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China) Di(2 ethyl)hexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP) reagents were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China) DMP, DEP, DBP, DEHP, and DINP are all analytical pure reagents with a purity greater than 99.5%. Table 1 shows the details of the five typical PAEs.


**Table 1.** Details of five typical PAEs.

PAEs: phthalic acid esters.

A handheld portable Raman spectrometer (Bruker, Germany) equipped with dual wavelength lasers of 785 nm and 852 nm was used in this study. The spectral range, spot diameter, and spectral resolution of the spectrometer are 3200~300 cm−1, 1~2 mm, and 10~12 cm<sup>−</sup>1, respectively.
