**Appendix A**

**Figure A1.** Contributions of RS to SDG monitoring. The diagrams of passive and active remote sensors are from [110]. Passive sensors (e.g., multispectral and hyperspectral sensors) rely on an external source of energy (the sun) and record the radiation reflected by Earth's surface to produce an image, whereas active sensors (e.g., LiDAR and Radar) emit energy in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum and measure the amount of energy reflected back at them [110]. The column graph shows the number of indicators for each of the 17 SDGs to which Earth Observation data can contribute, directly or indirectly [25].


**Table A1.** Widely used multispectral satellite RS data.

Abbreviations: MS, multispectral band; T, thermal band; Pan, panchromatic band; SWIR, short-wave infrared; VNIR, visible and near infrared; Vis, visible; IR, infrared.

**Table A2.** Widely used radar satellite RS data.

