*3.4. Classification Results*

In Table 3, a summary of the validation of the monotemporal VU classification (*G*1*T*<sup>3</sup> and *G*2*T*3), the multitemporal VU classification (*G*<sup>1</sup> and *G*2) and the object identification (*OI*) can be found. All five classification models reached overall accuracies > 91% on the dependent test data. On the independent test data, the overall accuracy of the VU classifications reached from 68% to 88%. On both the dependent and independent test data, the multitemporal classification of *G*<sup>1</sup> got the lowest overall accuracy. In this, worse accuracies appeared for the classification of *Rumex obtusifolius* (precision and recall of 0%) and the *Alopecurus pratensis*-community (precision: 70%, recall: 58.33%).

The result maps of the classifications for *G*<sup>1</sup> and *G*<sup>2</sup> are shown in Figure 4. Both the monotemporal and the multitemporal classifications highlight similar spatial vegetation patterns. In both dates, the transition ranges between VUs were smaller in the multitemporal classification. In the multitemporal classification of *G*1, more homogeneous areas could be found than in the monotemporal classification. In *G*2, the results show strong similarities, but differ mainly at the western edge. Subsets of a *Rumex obtusifolius*-dominated area of the classification results are depicted in Figure 4. *Rumex obtusifolius* was mainly recognized in the multitemporal classification result of *G*2. The areas eliminated by the object identification appear as white areas in the results of the monotemporal classifications. In *G*1*T*3, especially the area of open ground in the center of the subset was not classified. In *G*2*T*3, individual molehills were not included in the classification. In the multitemporal classification, these areas were assigned to the surrounding VUs.

**Figure 4.** Subsets of the classification results of the mono- and multitemporal model and orthomosaics in RGB-color of *G*1*T*<sup>3</sup> and *G*2*T*3.


**Table 3.** Precision, recall, and overall accuracy (OA) (in %) for dependent and **independent** test data of the four vegetation classifications for *Rumex obtusifolium* plants, the *Lolium perenne*-, *Alopecurus pratensis*-, and *Bromus hordeaceus*-community and overall accuracy for the object identification (OI).
