**5. Conclusions**

Extensive monitoring of pesticides and their metabolites (due to the broad applications of plant protection products) in apiculture commodities is pivotal due to their consumption by both adults and children and the consumption of pollen by bees. In the same context, monitoring these matrices can unveil, to a certain degree, the contamination that occurs in the agroenvironment. The presented study, after implementing two multiresidue methods, depicted the residual prevalence of pesticides and metabolites in Greek honey and pollen samples between 2015–2020, corroborating the detection of 40 active substances in total (including metabolites) in an overall concentration range of <LOQ to 785 ng/g. Consequently, a risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the potential health effects on humans and bees. The health risk assessment demonstrated, in the majority of cases, negligible risk for bees and humans. Nevertheless, the more than 30 active substances detected in pollen, though anticipated, confirm the occurrence of a plethora of contaminants in an important bee nutrition matrix that deserves attention both from health risk assessment and environmental perspectives.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https:// www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/foods12040706/s1, Text: chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions, Table S1: active substances and LOQs (pollen and honey), Table S2: risk calculations for bumble bees based on the active substances (mean and maximum concentrations) quantified in pollen samples, Table S3: risk calculations for solitary bees based on the active substances (mean and maximum concentrations).

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, K.M. and K.M.K.; methodology, K.M.K. and E.Z.; software, K.M.K., E.Z. and E.M.-K.; validation, K.M.K. and E.Z.; formal analysis, K.M.K.; investigation, K.M.K., E.Z., E.M.-K. and P.A.; resources, K.M.; data curation, K.M.K. and E.Z.; writing—original draft preparation, K.M.K.; writing—review and editing, K.M.K., E.Z. and K.M.; visualization, K.M.K. and E.Z.; supervision, K.M. and K.M.K.; project administration, K.M.; funding acquisition, K.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** All data available are presented in this manuscript.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors thank all beekeepers and authorities that sent samples for chemical analysis.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
