*Article* **Quality of Honey Imported into the United Arab Emirates**

**Tareq M. Osaili 1,2,\*, Wael A. M. Bani Odeh 3, Maryam S. Al Sallagi 3, Ahmed A. S. A. Al Ali 4, Reyad S. Obaid 1, Vaidehi Garimella 5, Fatema Saeed Bin Bakhit 5, Hayder Hasan 1, Richard Holley <sup>6</sup> and Nada El Darra <sup>7</sup>**


**Abstract:** This study was performed to assess the physicochemical quality characteristics of honey imported by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) via Dubai ports between 2017 and 2021. There were 1330 samples analyzed for sugar components, moisture, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, free acidity, and diastase number. Of the honey tested, 1054 samples complied with the Emirates honey standard, but 276 (20.8%) did not; this was due to non-compliance with one or more quality parameters, thus suggesting some level of adulteration, improper storage or inappropriate heat treatment. For the non-compliant samples, the average values of sucrose content ranged from 5.1 to 33.4%; the sum of glucose and fructose ranged from 19.6 to 88.1%; the moisture content varied from 17.2 to 24.6%; the HMF occurred in a range from 83.2 to 663.0 mg/kg, and the acidity varied from 52 to 85 meq/kg. The non-compliant honey samples were grouped according to their country of origin. India was shown to be the country having the highest percentage of non-compliant samples at 32.5% and Germany had the lowest at 4.5%. This study emphasized that the inspection of honey samples traded internationally should involve physicochemical analysis. A comprehensive inspection of honey at the Dubai ports should reduce incidents of adulterated products being imported.

**Keywords:** honey; adulteration; non-compliant quality; hydroxymethylfurfural; sugar; imported
