*2.5. UPLC-MS Analyses*

A UPLC system combined with a Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with a heated electrospray ionization (HESI) probe was used for lipidomic profiling as previously reported [13]. An XSelect CSH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.5 μm) (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) was used for lipid separation. Mobile phase A was 3:2 ACN:H2O (*v*/*v*) and mobile phase B was 9:1 IPA:ACN (*v*/*v*), both of which contained 10 mM ammonium acetate. Previously published elution procedures and mass spectrometer parameters were used [16]. Data acquisition was performed in negative ionization mode with an *m*/*z* range of 200–2000. The resolutions of the full scan and fragment spectra were 70,000 and 17,500, respectively.
