**4. Conclusions**

We reported multiple fluorescence spectroscopy techniques combined with chemometrics can easily detect wolfberry honey adulteration with corn syrup, corn maltase syrup, and other pure monofloral honey such as acacia honey. The fluorescence intensities and peak positions are the easy-to-obtain characteristics to distinguish genuine honey from

syrups because of their differences in the fluorophore concentration. The 3D fluorescence spectroscopy visually and comprehensively identified honey and syrup by obtaining the information of the excitation wavelength, emission wavelength, as well as fluorescence intensity. The fluorescence lifetime, independent of the fluorophore concentration, also can differentiate the adulterated honey samples. These results further confirmed the differences in their chemical constituents especially fluorophores of the monofloral honey, multifloral honey, syrups, and adulterated honey. Compared with other more expensive, sophisticated, time-consuming, and labor-intensive methods, the fluorescence spectroscopy detection time for each sample was only within several minutes and the pretreatment of the sample was simple. In all, fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics is a simple, fast, low-cost, and non-destructive method to quickly identify honey adulteration with corn syrup and corn maltose syrup.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/foods12122309/s1.

**Author Contributions:** Methodology, investigation, writing—original draft: S.H.; methodology: J.C.; data analysis: J.Y., Q.W. and X.L.; conceptualization, writing—review and editing, supervision, funding acquisition: H.X. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was supported by the grant from Shandong Province Modern Agricultural Technology System (SDAIT-24-05), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (ZR2021MC110), Taishan scholars (NO. tsqn202211172), and Liaocheng Key Research and Development Program (2022YDSF10).

**Data Availability Statement:** The data used to support the findings of this study can be made available by the corresponding author upon request.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
