*3.2. 10% JSRS Could neither Significantly Restrain the Body Weight Gain nor Maintain Serum Lipid Levels*

There was no significant difference in body weight among treatment groups (*p* > 0.05) at the beginning of the study (0 week). After eight weeks, the body weight of the HFD group and HFD plus JSRS group were significantly higher than that of the NFD group. There was no significant difference between the HFD and HFD plus JSRS groups (Figure S1B). Moreover, the TG levels were significantly lower in the NFD and NFD plus JSRS groups as compared with the HFD group, while the HFD plus JSRS group was significantly higher than that of the NFD group (Figure S1C).

#### *3.3. The JSRS Regulated Dysbiosis in Intestinal Microbiota Caused by a High-Fat Diet*

The alpha and beta diversity of the mice gut microbes in different groups were compared among the second, fourth, and eighth weeks based on the high-throughput sequencing data of 16s rRNA. In the fourth week's results, the points representing NFD and HFD groups had different clustering trends in the PCoA plots (Figure 2A), which indicated that the HFD could significantly affect the gut microbes. In the eighth week, the alpha diversity index of the JSRS group remained at a high level, and the Shannon index of the NFD plus JSRS group was significantly higher than the NFD group (Figure S2). The gut microbe structure of the HFD plus JSRS group was more similar to that of the NFD group, compared with that of the HFD group at week eight (Figure 2B), which implied the addition of JSRS to the HFD made it possible to correct the HFD-induced intestinal dysbiosis.

**Figure 2.** Changes in microbial structure and similarity at different time points. (**A**) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed the changes in microbial composition based on bray-curtis distance among four groups at weeks 2, 4, and 8 in Stage I. Each point represents the composition of the microbiota of one sample. (**B**) Comparison of the similarity between HFD group to NFD group and HFD plus JSRS group to NFD group based on Bray–Curtis distance at week 2, 4, and 8 in Stage I. Lower values indicate similarity to the NFD group. (JSRS, Jackfruit seed sourced resistant starch).
