*4.5. Limitations and Future Work*

This paper investigated the coordination, spatio-temporal evolution, and driving factors of the coupling between FT and LM in China's provinces. The results of this study are significant for implementing the rural revitalization strategy, realizing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and promoting the development of urban–rural integration, but there is room for further in-depth research. On the one hand, this study took China's provinces as the geographical unit and conducted in-depth analysis on the coordination, spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of the coordination degree of FT and LM. It will be of great practical guidance if long-term provincial panel data or county-level data are used to conduct the study. On the other hand, as farmers are the main decision makers of FT and LM, it is necessary to analyze the coordination degree of FT and LM by using the data of farmers' survey in the future to further clarify the influence of farmers' behavior and willingness on the coupling coordination between them.

#### **5. Conclusions**

This study measured the coordinated development between FT and LM in 30 provinces in China from 2015 to 2020 and used the ESDA method and GRA model to study the spatial difference characteristics of coordination degree and analyze the driving factors of coupling coordination development. The following are the main findings of the study: (1) From 2015 to 2019, the level of the evaluation index of LM in China was relatively high. The rising trend of the level of FT was more obvious, and their level of comprehensive evaluation continued to rise. The regional differences were obvious, with the central region being higher than the eastern and northeastern regions and the western region being the lowest. (2) From 2015 to 2019, the coordination degree of FT and LM in China showed a fluctuating upward trend and was at the primary coupling coordination stage, among which the difference in the coordination degree of FT and LM between regions was large, showing a distribution pattern of central region > eastern region > northeast region > western region. (3) The coordination degree of FT and LM in China has a significant global positive spatial correlation and exhibits a clear development trend of agglomeration dispersion over time with obvious fluctuations. Local spatial agglomeration appears and tends to be stable, and strong agglomeration types are concentrated in the eastern and central regions, while weak agglomeration types are concentrated in the western region. (4) The driving factors of the CCD of FT and LM are, in descending order, the level of concurrent employment business, the level of non-agricultural industry development, the level of urbanization, the level of agricultural equipment, and the land approval. There are significant differences in the main driving factors in different provinces.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, Y.W., G.L., B.Z., X.L., and Z.L.; methodology, Y.W., software, Y.W.; formal analysis, Y.W. and X.L.; investigation, Y.W.; data curation, Y.W. and Z.L.; writing original draft preparation, Y.W., G.L., and B.Z.; writing—review and editing, Y.W., G.L., and B.Z.; visualization, Y.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 71764029), the Social Science Foundation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China (grant number 21BGL099), Decision-making research and consulting project of the expert advisory group of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China (grant number Jz202120).

**Data Availability Statement:** The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the first author upon request.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
