*5.2. Policy Implications*

The above findings suggest that in the context of rural revitalization, as the frequency and intensity of land transfer activities increase, it is more important to pay attention to the crowding out effect of elite households on non-elite households, especially on incomplete households.

In particular, it is necessary to pay attention to the possible price monopoly advantage of households with party member status (non-grassroots cadres) in the seller market pattern of land transfer and to prevent the price negotiation advantage that they may form due to the large area of land transfer and their endowment advantages, which may lead to the problem of "elite capture" of land transfer. The existence of excessive rents may disrupt the normal order of land transfer in the region and may also lead to "mistakes" in the implementation of policies in specific regions, further forming the "Matthew effect" of polarization between elite and non-elite rural households. Therefore, the land rental market may need vivid attention in order to achieve the nation's zero hunger and rural development or revitalization goals through land use intensification.

### *5.3. Recommendations*

In the process of land transfer, the principles of the market economy and legal system should be upheld, and the bargaining power of both supply and demand sides should be fully respected. In accordance with the law of supply and demand in the land transfer market, the unlawful act of coaxing up land rents should be severely cracked down, the blocking behavior of elite families to non-elite families in various disguises of normal land transferred out should be severely cracked down, and the collusion between elite families and land transfer subjects should be prevented from low prices or undercutting of land transfer rents of non-elite families.

The relevant departments should vigorously publicize the newly revised "Rural Land Contract Law" and the newly revised "Measures for the Management of Rural Land Management Rights Transfer" through various flexible ways for the rural grassroots. On the one hand, the relevant departments need to fully respect the principle of "voluntary, paid and legal" land transfer, and let farmers know the basic meaning of the relevant laws through familiar ways and how to defend their legitimate rights and interests by legal means. On the other hand, it is also necessary to establish a fair and reasonable price negotiation mechanism between the transferor party and the transferee party within the legal framework to ensure that both elite and non-elite farm families have the right to enjoy equal opportunities for land transfer and reasonable price transactions.

First, the relevant departments should establish a modern agricultural technology training system for the disadvantaged groups in rural areas so that they can transform into "new professional farmers", who are educated, who know technology, who are good at management, and who realize the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture, and learn to use laws and regulations and other means to protect their rights and interests. Secondly, we should improve the educational endowment structure of disadvantaged rural families, and pay attention to the education status of the "second generation of farmers" and "third generation of farmers". In the new era, we will expand the multi-dimensional space of "knowledge changes destiny".

The study has some limitations as well. First, we only focused on family structures and how they impact China's land transfer system. However, other factors may be associated with land transfer conditions. Future studies can consider other factors and their impact on the outcome variable. Secondly, the study is narrowed or focused on China, and its results leave much to be desired; however, we believe that the discussed topic could be examined on the example of several countries. Therefore, we encourage forthcoming studies to carry on a cross-country analysis to see if they may have different or similar conclusions.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, R.J. and M.A.T.; methodology, R.J.; software, R.J.; validation, R.J.; formal analysis, R.J.; investigation, R.J. and H.Z.; resources, R.J., A.A.C., and G.R.S.; data curation, R.J.; writing—original draft preparation, R.J.; writing—review and editing, M.A.T., A.A.C., and G.R.S.; visualization, M.A.T. and R.J.; supervision, H.Z. and S.X.; funding acquisition, H.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the National Social Science Fund of China, grant number 19CSH029. Martinson Ankrah Twumasi wants to acknowledge the research fund received from the Nation Social Science Fund of China (Grant No. 20AJY011).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The author may provide raw data if necessary.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
