*2.4. The Landscape Characteristics of Paddy Field and Dryland*

In land use, different land units combine into different spatial patterns such as land patch densities, shape characteristics, and aggregation degrees. These features constitute the landscape differences between paddy field and dryland. This paper evaluated the landscape characteristic of paddy field and dryland in terms of three aspects: intensity, shape, and vergence. Eight indexes were further analyzed: patch number, landscape aggregation degree, etc. (Table 2). By importing the raster data of paddy field and dryland into Fragstats software, this study calculated the values of the landscape indexes of paddy field and dryland from 1990 to 2020 [21,22].


**Table 2.** Introduction of the landscape indexes.
