**4. Research Tool**

The method of a diagnostic survey was applied, which was the standardized interview technique with the use of the questionnaire tool during selected events. In order to carry out the research, an authorship questionnaire was prepared for the study. The division of Freyer and Gross (2002), who distinguished four types of orientation among the motives of participation in sporting events [111], was the basis for the development of the author's questionnaire survey. Based on existing literature and the results presented, it has been recognized that there is still an unexplored area in terms of the influence of non-mega sporting events on the perception of negative externalities of host residents. The questionnaire had 25 questions. The first part of the questionnaire focused on socio-demographic variables (Table 1). The second part of the survey focused on motives to participate in researched events. The third part of the questionnaire was designed for people who were residents of Poznan. The last part was designed for sport tourists. For the purpose of the study, we have focused only on two parts of the questionnaire (first and third).

The authors of the article received an official permission from the organizers to conduct research when the runners were finishing the race and personally filled out during the conversation with the runners. In the case of Cavaliada equestrian competition, permission was obtained only for research among fans. Authors of the article personally talked with the residents of the city: sixth Half Marathon fans and runners and Cavaliada fans. The questions examined the impact of sporting events on residents living conditions and concerned inhabitants' opinion of selected events about their negative influence of broadly understood quality of life (communication problems, noise, behavior of supporters, increase crime). The research instrument was validated before the examined event—during the 5th Poznan Half Marathon.
