*Proceeding Paper* **Use of Dynamic Models in Cognitive Cyber-Physical Systems †**

**Michael Chervontsev 1, Alexey Subbotin 1,\*, Alexander Vodyaho <sup>1</sup> and Nataly Zhukova 1,2**


**Abstract:** This article discusses an approach to the development of large-scale cognitive cyberphysical systems characterized by a high level of structural, functional and architectural dynamics. The main idea of the proposed approach is the use of several modern paradigms to build cyberphysical systems, such as continuous architecture, agile architecture, digital twins and digital threads. A three-level model of a cognitive cyber-physical system is proposed. In order to ensure the required level of flexibility of the system, such possibility should be laid at earlier stages of the life cycle, i.e., at the development stage. At the upper level, the system is described in terms of a continuous architecture; at the middle level, the system is represented as a system with agile architecture, which is described as a multi-level relatively finite automaton, and at the lower level, structural and functional models are used that illustrate the system in the process of functioning. This article provides examples of using the proposed approach.

**Keywords:** cognitive cyber-physical systems; dynamic models; continuous architecture; agile architecture; digital twins; digital threads
