**Preface**

The genesis of industrial revolutions, sparked by mechanization, electricity, and IT, set the stage for the fourth revolution, termed Industrie 4.0 (Industry 4.0). This paradigm shift embraces hyperconnected, smart, decentralized, and autonomous systems, heralding increased complexity yet promising individualized products and services with unparalleled value and user experiences. This is achieved through the fusion of mass production's cost efficiency with innovative advancements.

Every revolution contends with the established norms of the past. Industrie 4.0 transcends the boundaries of the analog and physical realms, extending them into a digital sphere. This expansion entails not just physical growth but virtual growth as well. Smart factories, driven by myriad sensors, operate seamlessly through high automation and self-organization. These intelligent systems perpetually strive for enhanced productivity and top-notch quality. Achieving this relies on cyber–physical systems and the astute interconnection of machines, products, and workforces. Products themselves relay necessary production data to smart factories, guiding each step towards the desired outcome.

The integration and operation of Industrie 4.0 solutions unveil unprecedented opportunities alongside fresh challenges in the digital transformation journey for both organizations and value networks.

This Special Issue delves into the strides made, challenges encountered, and research imperatives within the realm of Industrie 4.0 from both a scientific and practical standpoint. This publication features the voices of Industrie 4.0 pioneers Henning Kagermann and Wolfgang Wahlster, as well as leaders in research and industrial application of smart manufacturing concepts.

> **Johannes Winter** *Editor*
