*Article* **Carbothermic Reduction Roasting of Cathode Active Materials Using Activated Carbon and Graphite to Enhance the Sulfuric-Acid-Leaching Efficiency of Nickel and Cobalt**

**Youngjin Ahn <sup>1</sup> , Wonbeom Koo <sup>1</sup> , Kyoungkeun Yoo 1,\* and Richard Diaz Alorro <sup>2</sup>**

	- National Korea Maritime and Ocean University (KMOU), Busan 49112, Korea

**Abstract:** Carbothermic reduction-roasting tests of NCM (nickel, cobalt, and manganese) cathode active materials with carbon sources such as activated carbon and graphite followed by sulfuric acid leaching were performed to investigate the effects of roasting temperature, molar mixing ratio of cathode active materials and carbon sources, and type of cathode active materials. When the virgin NCM622 materials were roasted with activated carbon, the peaks of Ni and Co metals were observed in the XRD data. The leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn increased to over 99.9% within 120 min in all samples roasted at 600 ◦C–900 ◦C, but, at the beginning of leaching, the leaching efficiencies increased more slowly with increasing roasting temperature. The leaching efficiencies of Ni and Co decreased with decreasing the molar mixing ratio of active cathode materials and carbon sources, but the leaching efficiencies were more than 99.9% in all ratios. These results indicate that roasting can enhance the leaching of cathode active materials and improve the conventional leaching process using hydrogen peroxide.

**Keywords:** lithium ion battery; recycling; carbothermic reduction; activated carbon; graphite
