**5. Conclusions**

We applied the NA-MEMD method to attenuate ground roll for multicomponent seismic data. The tests of the simulated multicomponent signal show that the NA-MEMD aligns similar modes present across multiple components and reduces the effect of mode mixing by introducing extra channels of multivariate noise. The performance of the NA-MEMD was analyzed for ground roll attenuation of multicomponent seismic data. We demonstrate that the NA-MEMD method can suppress ground roll and interference if low-frequency waves are present in different components of seismic data in the time domain. Compared to the F-K method, the NA-MEMD method can preserve the reflection wave better in low-frequency range. Synthetic and field seismic data examples show the effectiveness of the proposed NA-MEMD method for ground roll attenuation.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, L.X. and Z.Z.; methodology, Z.Z.; software, L.X.; validation, L.X., Z.Z. and J.G.; formal analysis, L.X. and Z.Z.; investigation, Z.Z. and J.G.; writing—original draft preparation, L.X.; writing—review and editing, Z.Z. and J.G.; visualization, L.X.; supervision, Z.Z. and J.G.; project administration, Z.Z.; funding acquisition, Z.Z. and J.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 41874165 and 41530321), and partly funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant number 2019YFC0312004).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors thank D. P. Mandic for the Matlab code of MEMD. The software package MEMD is available online at http://www.commsp.ee.ic.ac.uk/~mandic/research/emd.htm, (accessed on 15 February 2022).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
