2.4.3. Determination of Total Reducing Sugars

The total reducing sugars concentration was determined by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method with glucose as standard, according to the Miller's method [31]. The absorbance of samples was measured at 540 nm. The glucose was used as standard.

#### 2.4.4. Determination of Total Phenolic Compounds

The total phenolic compounds were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method in dark conditions, according to Moussi et al. [32], using gallic acid as standard. In this procedure, 400 μL of sample were mixed with 3 mL of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (previously diluted 1:10 with distilled water). This mixture was maintained at 22 ◦C for 5 min. After that, 3 mL of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 6 g/100 mL) were added, and the sample was again incubated at 22 ◦C for 90 min. After incubation, the absorbance was measured at 725 nm.
