*2.1. Materials*

Zinc chloride (ZnCl2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) 37%, titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) 97%, atenolol (AT), propranolol (PR), acid nitric (HNO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), iron (III) nitrate nanohydrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O), and commercial activated carbon (AC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA. The chemical formulas and descriptions of AT and PR are presented in Table S1 and Figure S1.
