**1. Introduction**

Hydraulic energy is one of the cleanest and most economical forms of energy, which can be obtained by installing multiple kinds of turbines including Pelton, Kaplan, and Francis turbines according to the required power, available head, and other parameters. The efficiency of the cross-flow turbine depends on various design parameters such as the number of blades, angles of attack, and inner-to-outer diameter ratios. Moreover, the availability of head is a critical parameter to attain and maintain the reasonable efficiency of the cross-flow turbine, which can be achieved through discharge regulator [1].

An attempt is made to utilize the micro-head of urban sewerage discharge water to produce hydro-power by modifying the design of a conventional cross-flow turbine through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation [2]. Another study [3] is focused on exploiting the available micro-heads by modifying the design parameters of the crossflow turbine to produce power. The design parameters (such as number of blades, runner dimensions, attack angle, etc.) of the cross-flow turbine are evaluated by Nasir [4] to achieve the maximum efficiency of the turbine.

Although numerous studies have been conducted covering various aspects of crossflow turbines, there is a scarcity of research addressing the utilization of low/zero-head water streams for power generation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to use the flow velocity of a natural water stream and to transfer the kinetic energy of the water flow on the blades to achieve the maximum rotational velocity/revolutions per minute (RPM) of the turbine blades.
