**1. Introduction**

All over the world, nations are facing challenges in finding the best way to obtain energy. There are a global need for energy and mineral resources, which has been increasing year after year caused by the technological advances. The study reveals that the natural reserve of fossil fuels represents 150 years (coal), 58 years (natural gas) and almost 46 years (oil) of consumption at current rates. Fossil fuels are by definition a finite source (or at least, Humans consume that energy faster the it is renewed). Meanwhile, the pollution they cause (from climate-damaging greenhouse gases to health-endangering particles) has been setting negatively records, leading to dramatic consequences [1–3].

The world has an abundant source of natural, clean power derived from the wind, waves, tides, sun and others. Ocean, which covers approximately 71% of the Earth's surface, is seen as a huge opportunity. Offshore renewable are worldly recognised as reliable and stable electricity sources. Also, they are seen as support for water desalination and aquaculture [1–4].

The development of renewable technologies, associated to the global energy transition, promises to spur new industries, leading to jobs creation. Wind is the most explored and investigated offshore source. In 1991 was installed in Denmark the world's first offshore

**Citation:** Torres, J.P.N.; De Jesus, A.S.; Marques Lameirinhas, R.A. How to Improve an Offshore Wind Station. *Energies* **2022**, *15*, 4873. https:// doi.org/10.3390/en15134873

Academic Editors: Artur Bartosik and Dariusz Asendrych

Received: 7 June 2022 Accepted: 28 June 2022 Published: 2 July 2022

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**Copyright:** © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

wind farm. Nowadays, millions of people consumes electricity from large-scale offshore wind farm projects [1–4].

The growth of European offshore wind, since the early 2000s, is supported by a steadily fallen over the years. In 2016, 10 European countries had already more than 12 MW gridconnected production from 81 offshore wind farms, with a total of 3589 turbines installed. Nowadays, based on several signed commitments to reduce greenhouse gases emissions as well as the targets to reach carbon neutrality led to promising prediction regarding these renewable technologies [1–4].

It is estimated that the objective to have an installed capacity of at least 60 GW of offshore wind and at least 1 GW of ocean energy by 2030, with a view of reaching 300 GW and 40 GW of installed capacity, respectively, by 2050 is realistic and achievable. In addition to offshore wind energy, there are other ways to produce energy offshore [2,3].

Market forces, technological advances and price developments will continue to drive offshore renewable energy growth over the coming years. However, there are some obstacles. Offshore farms can be expensive and difficult to build and maintain. Therefore, we have to take advantage and get the best out of this installation. Wind, sun and tides are unlimited resources that we can gather offshore. Therefore, the analysis and study of possible farms that can generate all of these types of energy together is an interesting and attractive research theme [2,3].
