**Contributors**

#### BARTOSZ ORZEŁ

Dr., Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Organisation and Management, Department of Economics and Informatics.

#### BOŻENA GAJDZIK

Informatics Engineering Department, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.

#### HASSANALI VIRANI

Professor, Electronics and Telecommunications Dept, Goa College of Engineering, Goa, India.

#### LESZEK WOŹNIAK

Department of Entrepreneurship, Management and Ecoinnovations, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland.

#### RADOSŁAW WOLNIAK

Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Organisation and Management, Department of Economics and Informatics.

#### SONIA KUWELKAR

Associate Professor, Electronics & Telecommunications Dept, Goa College of Engineering, Goa, India.

#### WARREN VAZ

Assistant Professor of Engineering, Department of Engineering and Engineering Technology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Fox Cities Campus, Menasha, Wisconsin, United States.

#### WOJCIECH J. CYNARSKI

Institute of Physical Culture Studies, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.

### **Abstracts**

### **Innovation in Urban Infrastructure for Development of Physical Culture: An Example of a Little Town in Poland by Wojciech J. Cynarski and Leszek Woźniak**

Improving the sports infrastructure (and more broadly - in the feld of physical culture) in the urban space contributes to the improvement of the living conditions of the inhabitants. How does it work in a small town? This is a case study of the city of Strzyżów (Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland). The indicated town has created an interesting sports, recreational and tourist base. The plan for the sustainable development of the city and the commune took into account the needs in this respect. This applies to encouraging civic and recreational activity in free time. Sports and tourism for all are developed, as well as rehabilitation of disabled people. Recreational physical activity in the open space (cycling, horseback riding, other open space sports) simultaneously serves social health, the growth of physical culture and the sustainable development of the city and the commune.

### **Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in the Context of Striving to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by Bartosz Orzeł and Radosław Wolniak**

This paper is a study on corporate social responsibility as part of a sustainable approach to modern management. In the frst part, the literature analysis was carried out. We included the issues related to diferent ways of achieving sustainable development goals by enterprises. The next part of the paper contains the literature analysis about diferent kinds of non-fnancial activities, which can lead business entities to improve in the feld of corporate social responsibility reporting quality. The issues connected to efectiveness in environmental and social eforts taken by enterprises were raised. The most common ways and areas of non-fnancial data reporting by enterprises were introduced and statistical data of corporate social responsibility reporting in diferent European were presented. The paper is much focused on the corporate social responsibility principles and Corporate Social Responsibility reporting impact on sustainable development goals achieving. In this part of the publication, both aspects of corporate social Responsibility reporting principles and the idea of corporate social responsibility reporting's infuence on sustainable development goals achieving were presented. Finally, in the paper, the conclusion and findings were introduced.

### **Changes in the Steel Industry in Poland in the Period 1990 to 2020: Innovation and Digitisation on the Way to Steel Mills 4.0 by Bożena Gajdzik**

The article presents the development path of the steel industry in Poland. Metallurgy after each industrial revolution has become an increasingly strong strategic branch of industry. The national economy of any country cannot develop without securing supplies of steel and other metal products. Construction, transport, infrastructure development and various services and separate industries would suffer. Therefore, because of the above, this article aims to analysis of changes in metallurgy in the three decades 1990-2020, with a particular emphasis on changes that are part of the wide range of innovations of modern enterprises in the global economy. The technological investments implemented, especially in recent years, and the scope of activities in the field of R&D are a chance to build steelworks 4.0 in Poland. However, it should be emphasised that the Polish steel industry is made up of foreign capital groups (the largest steel plants are owned by foreign capital). Steel producers in Poland are in the structures of international capital groups with a high position in the global steel market. The development of the Polish steel sector is presented on the basis of statistical data. The chapter is a retrospective analysis in the period from 1990-2000. The stages of the evolution of the Polish steel industry were described in the context of Industry 4.0. The structure of the work was arranged chronologically according to the time periods: the first period from 1990 to 2000, the second period from 2000 to 2010 and the third period from 2010 to 2020. In each of the analysed periods changes that formed the innovative steel industry were indicated.

### **Unsustainable Development: a Case Study of Urban Planning History and Pandemic Trends in the United States by Warren S. Vaz**

The United States saw unprecedented growth after World War II in several key sectors including transportation. The boom in population was accompanied by a rise in huge, sprawling suburbs around hundreds of major cities. In addition to the inefcient use of resources, car-centric design is dangerous, causes pollution,and discourages walking and cycling. The difuse nature of the population in these developments puts tremendous strain on infrastructure and local municipal budgets. This leads to neglected and decaying infrastructure and disproportionately afects segments of the population least able to efect change. This study examines the historical reasons for the current state of suburban development in the US. It explains several key features of urban planning, such as car-centric design and single-family zoning, and the issues they cause, namely rising home prices, pollution, and municipal insolvency. Case studies of recent infrastructure failures are cited. Changes in historical trends brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic are highlighted: migration out of cities, resultant efects on various industries, and changes in public transit. Finally, forthcoming policy and industry changes are discussed along with suggestions to address the problems described. Chiefy, these include rethinking urban design, making cities more pedestrian friendly, investing in public transit, and relaxing restrictive zoning laws to allow denser construction.

### **Enhancing the RPL Protocol Using an Artifcial Neural Network for Sustainable IoT Infrastructure by Sonia Kuwelkar and Hassanali Virani**

Internet of Things, an ever-evolving communications paradigm, will play an eloquent role in sustainable development in near future. The backbone of IoT is a Low power and Lossy Network involving devices with constrained power, memory and processing capability interconnected over lossy links. The efciency of the network largely depends on the design of the protocol at the network layer of the communication stack. To cater specifc routing needs of such networks, the IETF has designed and standardized the IPv6 routing protocol for LLNs (RPL). RPL has proved efcient in tackling major issues but has certain routing gaps that need to be addressed for optimal performance. For instance, in standard RPL the routing decision is based on a single metric which leads to the selection of inefcient paths and reduces network lifetime. RPL sufers from unbalanced load distribution, slow convergence and inefcient bidirectional communication. Over the years, RPL has attracted many researchers who have contributed to improving this protocol to meet the requirements of energy efciency, real-time, scalability and reliability. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive review of the means and methods adopted by the researchers to enhance RPL protocol using soft computing techniques in an efort towards a sustainable IoT infrastructure. Initially, the enhancements done to RPL protocol using fuzzy logic technique are reviewed. In the later part, the role of evolutionary algorithms like Ant Colony Optimization, Genetic Algorithm and Firefy algorithm in RPL improvisation is reviewed. Finally, a novel Artifcial Neural Network based method for improving RPL is proposed in this chapter. The proposed ANN based RPL is seen to improve network parameters like Energy efciency, Packet delivery ratio, Latency and Control Overhead signifcantly thus directing towards sustainable IoT infrastructure.
