*6.4.4. The Merit Circle (gun. acakra)*

Now, outside that is a circle named "All Merits," [which is colored] whitish-red. He should place thirty-six women of morality, [who are] eminent, in the middles of [the circle's] adamantine spokes. **(86)**

(1) Brahma ¯ n.¯ı ("*brahma ¯ n. a* woman" or a woman from the priestly caste), (2) Ks.atrin.¯ı ("*ks.atriya* woman"), (3) Vai´sy¯ı ("*vai´sya* woman"), (4) S´udr ¯ ¯ı ("*s´udra ¯* woman"), (5) Can. d. alin ¯ ¯ı ("*can. d. ala ¯* woman"), (6) Suc¯ı (perhaps for Svac ´ ¯ı, *m.c.* for Svapac ´ ¯ı, "dog-cooker woman"), (7) D. omb¯ı ("*d. omba* woman"), (8) Nat.¯ı ("dancer woman"), (9) Kapalin ¯ ¯ı ("skull-bearer woman"), (10) Kaivart¯ı ("fisher woman"), (11) Ven. unat.¯ı ("flute-dancer woman"), (12) Sa´ nkhin ˙ ¯ı ("shell-bearer woman"), (13) Tantuvap¯ ¯ı ("weaver woman"), (14) Kandun¯ı (for Kanduk¯ı, "cook woman"), (15) Ka¯s.t.hakarik ¯ a ("carpenter woman"), (16) M ¯ alin ¯ ¯ı ("garland-maker woman"), (17) Tailin¯ı ("oil-treating woman"), (18) Chep¯ı (or Chey¯ı, "dyer woman"),<sup>886</sup> (19) Ko´sakar¯ ¯ı ("box-maker woman"), (20) Dhutin ¯ ¯ı (for Dutin ¯ ¯ı, *m.c.* for Dut¯ ¯ı, "messenger woman"), (21) Had. aga¯d.¯ı ("bone-treating woman"), (22) Gan. ika ("courtesan" or "astrologer ¯ woman"), (23) Kallaval¯ ¯ı (for Kalyapal¯ ¯ı, "wine-seller woman"), (24) Kupar ¯ ¯ı (*m.c.* for Kupak ¯ ar¯ ¯ı, "well-digger woman"), (25) Rajabha ¯ t.¯ı ("royal-soldier woman"), (26) Khat.t.ik¯ı ("hunter [or butcher] woman"), (27) Tambolavikray¯ı (for Tamb ¯ ulavikray ¯ ¯ı, "betel-seller woman"), (28) Suvarn. akar¯ ¯ı ("goldsmith woman"), (29) Lohar¯ ¯ı (*m.c.* for Lohakar¯ ¯ı, "blacksmith woman"), (30) Man. ihar¯ ¯ı ("jewel-carrying woman"), (31) Davak ¯ ¯ı ("forest-dwelling savage woman"), (32) Mlecch¯ı ("foreign woman"), who is Od. in¯ı ("woman from Od.ra or Orissa"), (33) Van. ij¯ı ("merchant woman"), (34) Pattharaga¯d. h¯ı ("masonry woman"), (35) Kr.s.ika ("farmer woman"), and (36) ¯

<sup>885</sup> The *Bohita¯* does not comment on this term "Heruka in union with the triple wheel" (*tricakrasam. varaherukam*). This term is obscure, but it seems to indicate Heruka with four faces and twelve arms. Heruka with the triple wheel serves as the core element that constitutes various forms of Heruka man. d. ala (such as the fivefold Heruka man. d. ala) in the Sam. vara tradition. The most popular form of Heruka in these man. d. alas is the one who has four faces (with three eyes on each) and twelve arms and who assumes the *al¯ ¯ıd. ha* posture. The *Ratnapadmaraganidhi ¯* (D 1516, 33r7–v7) provides two teachings. The first is that these twelve classes of Herukas have "the same faces and other [physical features] as before" (*zhal la sogs pa sngar dang mtshungs par*: D 33r7), which seems to mean the physical features of the heroes on the twelve circles from the Adamantine Circle to the Body Circle do. The second is that these twelve classes of Heruka each have "one face and twelve arms" (zhal bzhi phyag bcu gnyis pa: D 1516, 35r2).

<sup>886</sup> I am not certain of the word *cchep¯ı* or *cchey¯ı*. I have translated its Tibetan translation, *tshos ma*.

Carmakar¯ ¯ı ("leather-worker woman") are the yogin¯ıs [on this circle]. The color [of their bodies] is the same as [the color] of the circle (whitish-red). All other [features of the yogin¯ıs] are to be understood as the same as [the features of the yogin¯ıs] on the Heart Circle. **(87–91)**

On this [Merit Circle], he should recognize the *ks.etra* ("field," a class of holy sites). [The circle] comprises all classes of birth in the Desire Realm. They said [that the circle represents] the second continent.<sup>887</sup> [It is] itself of the nature of [united] wisdom and means. [The circle is] also the Luminous Level. [It is] itself to be venerated as a teacher. **(92–93b)**

[The yogin¯ıs'] mantras, [which involve] recitations of [their] individual names, are stated to begin with the letter *om.* . The letters *hu¯m. hu¯m. phat.* are [recited] exactly at the end. He should make [mantras of all yogin¯ıs] on all circles [in this manner]. **(93c–94b)**

Outside that, he should give a circle, [on which there are] two lines [colored] black and dark blue.<sup>888</sup> Gates, arched doorways, and altars are [on the circle], adorned with garlands of pearls and half-garlands of pearls. (1) Kak¯ asy ¯ a, [who is] ¯ like D. akin ¯ ¯ı [in color], is in the middle of the east gate; (2) Uluk¯ asy ¯ a is in the north; ¯ (3) the dog-faced one (namely, Sv´ an¯ asy ¯ a), in the west; and (4) S ¯ ukar ¯ asy ¯ a, in the ¯ south. As for the color, [these three] eminent ones are like Lam¯ a and the others. ¯ <sup>889</sup> [Yogin¯ıs] residing at the southeast, southwest, northwest, and northeast corners are (5) Yamada¯d. h¯ı, (6) Dut¯ ¯ı (for Yamadut¯ ¯ı), (7) Dam. s.t.r¯ı (for Yamadam. s.t.rin.¯ı), and (8) Mathan¯ı (for Yamamathan¯ı) in order. Two colors should be evenly assigned [to them] in accordance with the [directions they] face, respectively.890 **(94c–98b)**

There are east, north, west, and south divisions in all [four layers]. He should make [the four divisions] blackish-dark blue, green, red, and yellow in color, [respectively]. The Innate man. d. ala (viz., the Innate Layer) is thus [described]. As [the whole man. d. ala is] a fourfold circle (viz., comprises four layers), he should subsequently make the Dharma, Enjoyment, and Emanation Layers in order. **(98c–100b)**

The second [layer's outermost] circle (the Earth Circle) [has] three lines. The third [layer's outermost circle, viz., the Knowledge Circle, has] four lines. The fourth

<sup>887</sup> According to the *Bohita¯* (D 1419, 142r5), the second continent is *dkar po'i gling*, whose Sanskrit may be restored as *sitabhadv ¯ ¯ıpa* (*Kalacakra ¯* , Skt ed. (Dwivedi 1994), 1.16.).

<sup>888</sup> According to the *Ratnapadmaraganidhi ¯* (D 1516, 5v1), these two lines represent the two currents of vital air in the right and left inner channels.

<sup>889</sup> In short, these four gatekeeper d. akin ¯ ¯ıs have the same body colors as the four d. akin ¯ ¯ıs residing at the four cardinal directions on the central lotus. Kak¯ asy ¯ a is colored like ¯ D. akin ¯ ¯ı (black); Uluk¯ asy ¯ a like ¯ Lam¯ a (green); ¯ Sv´ an¯ asy ¯ a like Khan ¯ . d. aroha (red); and S ¯ ukar ¯ asy ¯ a like R ¯ upin ¯ .¯ı (yellow).

<sup>890</sup> That is to say, Yamada¯d. h¯ı is colored half black and half yellow; Yamadut¯ ¯ı is half yellow and half red; Yamadam. s.t.rin.¯ı is half red and half green; and Yamamathan¯ı is half green and half black.

[layer's outermost circle, i.e., the Body Circle] has five lines. Charnel grounds are on all [outermost circles] in order. He should make [the first, second, and third outermost circles] round in shape. [They are] understood to have grounds such as the outer [ground].<sup>891</sup> The circle with five lines (the Body Circle) is square [in shape] and is resplendent. **(100c–102b)**

The charnel grounds on the Innate Layer are explained here—(1) Can. d. ogra, (2) Gahvara, (3) Jval¯ akula, and (4) Kara ¯ nka. Horrible, they are located in the [four ˙ cardinal] directions, starting with the east [and going] anticlockwise. (5) At.t.at.t.ahasa ¯ is in the northeast; (6) Laks.m¯ıvana is in the southeast; (7) Ghorandhak ¯ ara is in ¯ the southwest; and (8) Kilikilarava is in the northwest. The charnel grounds are ¯ terrifying in appearance with howlings of vetalas, bh ¯ utas, and jackals. The eight ¯ charnel grounds should be placed in this order. **(102c–105)**

In addition, there are trees, the guardians of direction, serpent kings, and cloud kings in order—[The trees are] (1) Sir ´ ¯ıs.a, (2) A´svattha, (3) Kankeli, (4) C ˙ uta, (5) ¯ Vat.a, (6) Karañja, (7) Lataparka ¯ t.i, and (8) Parthiva. [The guardians of direction are] ¯ (1) Indra, (2) the wealth-giver (Kubera), (3) the Lord of Nagas (Varu ¯ n. a), (4) Yama the Lord, (5) ¯ I´sana, (6) the fire (Agni), (7) R ¯ ak¯ s.asa the king, and (8) the Lord of wind (Vayu). [Serpent kings are] (1) V ¯ asuki, (2) Tak ¯ s.aka, (3) Karkot.a, (4) Padma, (5) Mahapadma, (6) Huluhulu, (7) Kulika, and (8) ¯ Sa´ nkhap ˙ ala. (1) Garjita, (2) Gh ¯ ur¯ n. ita, (3) Ghora, (4) Avarta, (5) Ghana, (6) P ¯ ura ¯ n. a, (7) Vars.an. a, and (8) Can. d. a—these are cloud kings. **(106–109)**

All is here in the charnel grounds; he should give a wreath of vajras [to them]. All is also to be done in this same [charnel ground]. [All is] taught to be both external and internal. **(110)**

The Merit Circle, the third, is thus [taught]. **(111)** The first layer. **(112)**

## **6.5. The Second Dharma Layer**

## *6.5.1. The Space Circle (ak¯ a´¯sacakra)*

Now, the Space Circle outside [this] is like a dark blue lotus [in color]. Sky-going yogin¯ıs are in the middles of the thirty-six spokes [of the circle], as follows. **(113)**

<sup>891</sup> Every outermost circle has a three-layer structure: it consists of three grounds, which are arranged in a concentric manner. The three grounds are the inner ground, on which thirty-six pairs of d. akin ¯ ¯ıs and heroes reside, the middle ground, on which the four gates are placed, and the outer ground, on which the eight charnel grounds exist.

[They are] (1) Kinnar¯ı, (2) Gandhar¯ ¯ı (a particular *raga ¯* ),<sup>892</sup> (3) Huntak¯ı (perhaps for Hud. ukk¯ı, a kind of drum), and (4) Pa¯t.av¯ı ("skill," some musical instrumental of that name, or a corruption of Pat.ah¯ı, a kind of drum), (5) V¯ın. a (Indian lute), (6) ¯ Vam. s´a (flute), (7) Mukund ¯ a (a kind of drum), (8) Muruj ¯ a (for Muraj ¯ a, a kind of ¯ drum), (9) Gaggarika (for Gargarik ¯ a, "water pot" used as a drum), (10) K ¯ a¯m. sa (some ¯ musical instrument made of "bell metal"), (11) Selendrik¯ı (for Sailendrik ´ ¯ı; some musical concept), (12) G¯ıta ("song"), (13) Kara ¯ d. a (for Kara ¯ t.a, a kind of drum), (14) ¯ Tamad. a (some musical concept), the excellent, (15) N ¯ r.tya ("dancing"), (16) L ¯ asy ¯ a¯ (dance representing love emotions), (17) D. ukka (for ¯ D. hakka, a kind of drum), (18) ¯ Tal¯ ¯ı (cymbal), (19) Sara ¯ n. a (producing a sound), (20) Dundubhik ¯ a (some musical ¯ instrument producing a sound like "dundubha"), (21) Modr¯ı (for Maudry¯ı, "hand gesture"), (22) Tan¯ ¯ı (melody passage), (23) Pañcama (the sound ¯ *pa*), (24) Nalav ¯ ¯ı (*m.c.* for Nalava ¯ m. s´¯ı, "reed"), and (25) T. ambhak¯ı (perhaps for Tumbak¯ı ["of nasal sound"]; some musical concept), (26) D. amar¯ı (a *d. amaru* drum), (27) D. un. d. uk¯ı (some musical instrument producing a sound like "dun. d. u"), (28) Kahal ¯ ¯ı (a kind of drum), also (29) Orak¯ı (a kind of trumpet),893 (30) Bhuk¯ ¯ı (perhaps for Bhukk¯ı, some musical instrument producing a sound like "dog's bark"), (31) Ghan. t.a (bell), (32) Ki ¯ nki ˙ n.¯ı (small bell), (33) Ghurghur¯ı (jingle bell), also (34) D. ukolika (some musical concept) ¯ herself, (35) S´a¯nkh ˙ ¯ı ("conch shell"), and (36) Ghos.avat¯ı ("sounding"), [They are] eminent mistresses with companies. **(114–117)**

The colors [of these yogin¯ıs] are various and wonderful. Alternatively, [they have] the circle's color (dark blue). [They] dwell in the *upaks.etra* ("near to the field") [holy sites], are [inhabitants of] the third continent,<sup>894</sup> and are excellent. Residing in this continent, they belong to the class of sky-going females (*khecar¯ı*). It is the Radiance Level. [All twelve levels are] connected with their respective [classes of holy] sites such as the *p¯ıt.ha*. **(118–119)**

Also in this regard, in some cases, instead of a small drum and a skull staff, he can make [the yogin¯ıs have in their hands] their respective marks and [show their respective musical] gestures if he wishes. **(120)**

He should attach [images of] their respective lords to [their] diadems on all circles, because, in this [system, they are] of the nature of wisdom and means based on [their] class of birth being noble by nature. He should arrange many othe [physical

<sup>892</sup> Gandhar¯ ¯ı may be a corruption of Gandharv¯ı. However, "Gandhar¯ ¯ı" is a musical concept and "Gandharv¯ı" is a musical spirit, and both match the context.

<sup>893</sup> My translation of "Orak¯ı" is based on its Tibetan translation, *rwa dung*.

<sup>894</sup> According to the *Bohita¯* (D 1419, 143v1), the third continent is *ku sha'i gling*, whose Sanskrit can be restored as *ku´sadv¯ıpa*, roughly corresponding to *varaparamaku´sadv¯ıpa* in the *Kalacakra ¯* (Skt ed. (Dwivedi 1994), 1.16).

features of them] such as ornaments in the same way as previously [mentioned]. [Yogin¯ıs] on all circles have three eyes and are naked. **(121–122)**

The Space Circle, the first, is thus [taught]. **(123)**

## *6.5.2. The Wind Circle (vayucakra) ¯*

Outside that is the Wind Circle, colored in variegated dark blue. [Figures] of yogin¯ıs should be placed in the middles of the adamantine spokes in order. The wise should also know the other name [of their consort heroes], "Ak¯ a´¯sagarbha". **(124–125b)**

[The yogin¯ıs are] (1) Garud.¯ı (female Garud. a), (2) Ham. s¯ı ("swan"), (3) Citr¯ı (some "multicolored" bird), (4) Kak¯ ¯ı ("crow"), (5) Bak¯ı ("crane"), (6) Tittirika ("partridge"), ¯ (7) Mayur¯ ¯ı ("peacock"), (8) Tamrac ¯ u¯d.¯ı ("cock"), (9) Gudabulika (perhaps for ¯ Gudaculik ¯ a, some bird with "intestine-like crest"), (10) Komal ¯ a (some "charming" ¯ bird), (11) Par¯ avat ¯ ¯ı ("dove"), (12) Br.hatkak¯ ¯ı ("raven"), (13) Gad. in¯ı ("goldfish-carrier," some bird), (14) Kapiñjal¯ı ("pheasant"), (15) Suk¯ı (for Suk ´ ¯ı, "parrot"), (16) Mantr¯ı ("fowl"),895 (17) Saras ¯ a ("swan"), (18) G ¯ r.ddha (for G ¯ r.dhra, "vulture"), (19) Ul ¯ uk¯ ¯ı ("owl"), (20) Cat.ika ("sparrow"), (21) K ¯ a¯s.t.hacat.¯ı (*m.c.* for Ka¯s.t.hacat.ak¯ı, "wood sparrow"), (22) Cakravak¯ ¯ı ("chakra bird"), (23) Vr.ks.ara ¯ n.¯ı ("tree-refuge," some bird), (24) Karkav¯ı (some bird), (25) Jalakak¯ ¯ı ("water crow"), (26) Bila¯d.¯ı (for Bid. al¯ ¯ı, "cat," perhaps regarded as a flying creature), (27) N¯ılagr¯ıv¯ı (some "blue neck" one, perhaps from N¯ılak¯ s.¯ı, "goose"),896 (28) Sarik ¯ a ("myna"), ¯ <sup>897</sup> (29) Sena (for ¯ Syen ´ a, "hawk"), ¯ (30) Kunkumalol ˙ a (some bird whose "tongue [is colored] saffron"), (31) V ¯ a¯t.ir¯ı (some bird), (32) Kakaja ¯ nghak ˙ ¯ı (some bird with "crow-like shank"), (33) Sam¯ a (for ¯ Sy´ am¯ a, ¯ "cuckoo"), (34) Lehapis.t.a ("heron"), (35) Daddar ¯ ¯ı (for Dardar¯ı, "partridge"), and (36) Sr.galin ¯ ¯ı (some bird hunting a deer). **(125c–129b)**

The yogin¯ıs' circle is thus [described]. The color [of their bodies] is the same as [the color of] the circle of [their residential] place (variegated dark blue). Alternatively, [they] each individually should be understood [to have a different body color]. And [their physical features] such as hands are as before. All [couples of yogin¯ıs and heroes] are of the nature of wisdom and means. [Every yogin¯ı who] dwells in the *chandoha* ("milking together") [holy sites], is excellent, should be known to be [of]

<sup>895</sup> For the *mantr¯ı* (a kind of bird), see the *Samput.odbhava*, Skt ed. (DTC 2021), 7.4.58 (*mantr¯ı* <sup>=</sup> *khyim bya*) and DTC's translation for it ("cock").

<sup>896</sup> Alternatively, her name can be edited as Nalagr ¯ ¯ıv¯ı (some animal whose neck is reed-like).

<sup>897</sup> Manuscripts B and C and the *Var¯ ah¯ ¯ıkalpa* provide the reading of Marik ¯ a ("falcon"), which also makes ¯ sense.

the Hard-to-Conquer Level, and are approved to live in the fourth continent.898 **(129c–131b)**

This layer (*cakra*) (the second layer) consists of the egg-born. [It is] triple, divided by quality. Consisting of three [circles], the third layer is formed by the moisture-born. The fourth layer, called "womb-born," is understood to comprise three [circles]. **(131c–132)**

The Wind Circle, the second, is thus [taught]. **(133)**

## *6.5.3. The Earth Circle (medin¯ıcakra)*

Now, outside [that], I shall explain an excellent circle, named "earth," [which is] yellow in color according to its own nature and provided with thirty-six spokes. Thirty-six yogin¯ıs, [who] go on the ground, are [on the spokes] in order. **(134–135b)**

[The yogin¯ıs are] (1) Sim. gh¯ı ("lion"), (2) Vyaghr ¯ ¯ı ("tiger"), (3) Bh¯ımbha (perhaps ¯ for Bhambha[rav ¯ a], "cow"), (4) ¯ Sa´ ´ s¯ı ("hare"), (5) Gaj¯ı ("elephant"), (6) Mr.g¯ı ("deer"), (7) Marj ¯ arik ¯ ¯ı ("cat"), (8) Gav¯ ¯ı ("cow"), (9) Mahis.¯ı ("buffalo"), (10) Turag¯ı ("horse"), (11) Jambuk¯ı ("jackal"), (12) Gan. d.¯ı ("rhinoceros"), (13) Camar¯ı ("yak"), (14) Mu¯ s.¯ı ("rat"), (15) Gardabh¯ı ("donkey"), (16) Bhed.¯ı ("ram"), (17) Ajak¯ı ("goat"), (18) Ed. ak¯ı ("sheep"), in order, (19) Sv´ an¯ ¯ı ("dog"), (20) Sukar ¯ ¯ı ("boar"), (21) Bhall¯ı ("bear"), (22) D. an. d. ar¯ ¯ı (for Dan. d. ar¯ ¯ı, "elephant"), and (23) Muñjak ¯ ¯ı (some animal living on the *muñja* grass), (24) Vesara ("mule"), (25) Vil ¯ a¯s.¯ı (for Vilasin ¯ ¯ı, "serpent"), (26) Aran. y¯ı (some forest animal), (27) Br.ha´svanik ¯ a (for B ¯ r.hacchvanik ¯ a, "big dog"), (28) Dro ¯ n. akak¯ ¯ı ("raven"), (29) S´ard ¯ ul ¯ ¯ı ("panther"), (30) Vya¯d. a ("snake"), (31) Citri ¯ n.¯ı (some animal of variegated colors), (32) Kut.ika ("crooked," "camel"), ¯ <sup>899</sup> (33) Nakul¯ı ("mongoose"), (34) Kr.k¯ı ("lizard"), (35) Guha ("horse"), and (36) Gr ¯ amaniv ¯ asin ¯ ¯ı ("village dweller," some village cattle), the excellent. **(135c–138)**

The color [of their bodies] is the same as [the color] of the circle (yellow). Alternatively, again, [they] each [have] their respective colors. Having the nature of wisdom and means, [every] goddess dwells in the *upacchandoha* ("near to the milking together") [holy site]. She is [of] the Immediacy Level and is the Wisdom Perfection. [She] lives in the fifth continent.<sup>900</sup> [Their physical features] such as weapons are as before. [Every yogin¯ı's] physical body assumes the form of a woman. [However, each yogin¯ı's] face is taught to be in accordance with her own nature (animal face). **(139–141b)**

<sup>898</sup> According to the *Bohita¯* (D 1419, 143v6–v7), the fourth continent is *mi'am ci'i gling*, whose Sanskrit can be restored as *kim. naradv¯ıpa* (*Kalacakra ¯* , Skt ed. (Dwivedi 1994), 1.16).

<sup>899</sup> My translation into "camel," whose body is partially crooked, is based on its Tibetan translation, *rnga mo*.

<sup>900</sup> According to the *Bohita¯* (D 1419, 144v1), the fifth continent is *krung krung gi gling*, whose Sanskrit can be restored as *krauñcadv¯ıpa* (*Kalacakra ¯* , Skt ed. (Dwivedi 1994), 1.16.).

(1) Brahma¯n.¯ı, (2) Mahe´ ¯ svar¯ı, (3) Kaumar¯ ¯ı, and (4) Vais.n. av¯ı are to be known at the east, north, west, and south gates, [respectively]. Then, (5) Var¯ ah¯ ¯ı, (6) Indr¯ı, (7) Can. d.¯ı, and (8) Mahalak ¯ s.m¯ı are at the [four] corners. Forms and marks [of these yogin¯ıs] at the [four] gates are known to be like D. akin ¯ ¯ı and so on.<sup>901</sup> [The yogin¯ıs] at the [four] corners are like Yamada¯d. h¯ı and so on, [who reside at the outer four corners on the Merit Circle]. As three lines are also to be known on this [circle, connected] with the body, speech, and mind [aspects of the] *dharma*, <sup>902</sup> [it is] very resplendent with a *dharma* wheel. **(141c–144b)**

[Eight] charnel grounds are indeed taught in the middles of the blazing circles. He should arrange [the four] awful charnel grounds, (1) Mara ¯ n. a, (2) Sam. trasana, (3) Mah ¯ abhaya, and (4) Bhaya ¯ m. kara, in [the four cardinal directions] going counterclockwise; and (5) Ucca¯t.aka (for Ucca¯t.ana), (6) Vidves.an. a, (7) Mukana, ¯ and (8) Stambhana are at the [four] corners starting with the northeast. Then, he should place the trees [in these eight charnel grounds] in order. **(144c–146)**

Then, [the trees are] (1) a *puga ¯* , (2) an *aks.ot.aka*, (3) a *nal¯ ¯ıra*, (4) a *da¯d. ima*, (5) a *bilva*, (6) an *amalaka ¯* , (7) a *bijjora*, and (8) a *rudra*. He should place [them] in order. (1) Indr¯ı, (2) Yama, (3) Rudr ¯ a, (4) Yak ¯ s.in.¯ı, (5) Bhutin ¯ ¯ı, (6) R. s.¯ı, (7) Rak¯ s.as¯ı, and (8) Vayubh ¯ ary ¯ a—he should place the female world guardians. There are [also] female ¯ serpents and female clouds. He should place all [of them] on this [circle] completely. **(147–149b)**

The man. d. ala wheel is thus taught. He should make [it for the sake] of all [kinds of] success. [While performing a ritual to do so,] he should visualize a leader (hero) on this [man. d. ala], colored in accordance with the [purpose of] ritual. **(149c–f)**

The Earth Circle, the third, is thus [taught]. **(150)**

The second layer comprising [the Space, Wind and Earth] Circles. **(151)**
