**6.6. The Third Sam. bhoga (Enjoyment) Layer**

#### *6.6.1. The Fire Circle (agnicakra)*

Now, here outside, another, I shall explain the Fire Circle, [which is] red in color and is blazing greatly. He should arrange excellent yogin¯ıs born of the gods' clan and others on the thirty-six spokes. **(152–153b)**

<sup>901</sup> The *Bohita¯* does not explain whom the words "D. akin ¯ ¯ı and so on" indicate. I consider that they indicate the four major goddesses with one face and two arms residing on the central lotus, who are D. akin ¯ ¯ı in the east, Lam¯ a in the north, Kha ¯ n. d. aroha in the west, and R ¯ upi ¯ n.¯ı in the south. This means that, although their faces are different, they have similar physical features as the four d. akin ¯ ¯ıs at the four gates on the Merit Circle, i.e., Kak¯ asy ¯ a and the other three d ¯ . akin ¯ ¯ıs.

<sup>902</sup> According to the *Ratnapadmaraganidhi ¯* (D 1516, 5v1), the three lines are colored dark blue, red, and white.

(1) Devin¯ı, (2) Nagin ¯ ¯ı, (3) Yaks.¯ı, (4) Bhut¯ ¯ı, and the solely existing. [The goddess] asked "Is that all?" [Then, those] born of the gods' clan are stated [by the Blessed One as follows]—(5) Mat¯ a ("mother"), (6) Bh ¯ ary ¯ a ("wife"), (7) Bhagin ¯ ¯ı ("sister"), (8) Duhita ("daughter"), (9) Bh ¯ agineyik ¯ a ("sister's daughter"), (10) Pitu ¯ (for Pitur) Bhagin¯ı ("father's sister"),<sup>903</sup> and she, (11) Matulasya Bh ¯ aryak ¯ a ("maternal ¯ uncle's wife"), (12) Bhary ¯ abhagin ¯ ¯ı ("wife's sister") and (13) [Bhary ¯ a]m¯ at¯ a ("wife's ¯ mother"), (14) that same one's Pitur Mat¯ r.ka (Bh ¯ ary ¯ apitur M ¯ at¯ r.ka, "wife's father's ¯ mother"), (15) Bhary ¯ apit ¯ amah ¯ ¯ı ("wife's paternal grandmother"), (16) Matu (for ¯ Matur) M ¯ at¯ a ("mother's mother"), and (17) B ¯ andhav ¯ ¯ı ("female relative"), (18) Matu¯ (for Matur) Bhagin ¯ ¯ı ("mother's sister") and (19) [Matu] Bh ¯ agineyik ¯ a ("mother's ¯ sister's daughter"), (20) Svamatu M ¯ at¯ a ("one's own mother's mother"), (21) ¯ [Svamatu] Bhagin ¯ ¯ı ("one's own mother's sister"), (22) [Svamatu] Bh ¯ aginey ¯ ¯ı ("one's own mother's sister's daughter"), and (23) her Putrika (Svam ¯ atur Putrik ¯ a, "one's ¯ own mother's daughter," or Bhaginey ¯ ¯ıputrika, "sister's daughter's daughter"), ¯ <sup>904</sup> (24) Pitur Mat¯ a ("father's mother"), (25) Pit ¯ amah ¯ ¯ı ("paternal grandmother"), (26) Pitulasya Bharyak ¯ a ("paternal uncle's wife"), (27) Duhit ¯ aputrabh ¯ ary ¯ a ("daughter's ¯ son's wife"), and again (28) Bhary ¯ ay¯ a Bhagin ¯ ¯ı ("wife's sister"), (29) Svapitur Bhagin¯ı ("one's own father's sister"), (30) [Svapitur] Putr¯ı ("one's own father's daughter"), and (31) that same one's Svagotraja (Svapitur Svagotraj ¯ a, "one's own father's ¯ own kinswoman"), (32) Bhrat¯ ay¯ a Bh ¯ ary ¯ a ("brother's wife"), (33) [Bhr ¯ at¯ ay¯ a¯h.] Putr¯ı ("brother's daughter"), (34) Bhrat¯ ay¯ a¯h. Putrasya Bharyak ¯ a ("brother's son's wife"), ¯ (35) Duhitay¯ a Bhart ¯ r.matu¯ h. Putrasya Svasr.ka ("daughter's husband's mother's son's ¯ mother-in-law"), and (36) Duhitaputr ¯ ¯ı ("daughter's daughter"). The thirty-six female messengers (yogin¯ıs) are [thus] made known. [They are] proclaimed to be red in color, and [their physical features] such as weapons are as before. **(153c–160)**

[Every yogin¯ı on this circle is of] the Far-Reaching Level, lives in the sixth continent,905 is said [to dwell in] the *melapaka ¯* ("meeting") [holy site], and has the nature of the wisdom and means. She indeed always [constitutes] a power circle and is to be understood as a beautiful woman [matching her consort hero resembling] her in appearance. All [deities on the circles] such as the Adamantine Circle are [placed] clockwise and anticlockwise. **(161–162)**

He certainly performs worship here with the left and right hands. [There are] beasts: Every [practitioner] gathered together should offer the meat [of beast]

<sup>903</sup> In manuscript C, in which the corrupted part (*snu s ´ a¯*) has been emended as *svasa¯*, her name is Pitu (for Pitur) Bhagin¯ı Svasa ("father's sister or soror") or Pitu (for Pitur) Bhagin ¯ ¯ısvasa ("father's sister's ¯ sister[-in-law]").

<sup>904</sup> It depends on what the word *asya* (for *asyah¯.* , "her") indicates.

<sup>905</sup> According to the *Bohita¯* (D 1419, 145r2), the sixth continent is *drag po'i gling*, whose Sanskrit can be restored as *raudradv¯ıpa* (*Kalacakra ¯* , Skt ed. (Dwivedi 1994), 1.16).

of all [kinds]. He should offer various kinds of beverage and a variety of foods (the lickable). Having risen from your seat, perform worship! O vajra-holder! Again, having come, [he should perform] the circle worship for the twelve [circles]. **(163–164)**

The Fire Circle, the first, in the Enjoyment Layer is thus [taught]. **(165)**

#### *6.6.2. The Water Circle (jala-/udakacakra)*

Now, outside that, I explain the Water Circle, [which has] great supernatural power. He should visualize the yogin¯ıs in sequence on the white-colored thirty-six spokes. **(166)**

(1) Makar¯ı ("makara"), (2) Kurm¯ ¯ı ("turtle"), (3) Maccha (for Matsy ¯ a, "fish"), (4) ¯ Ving˙ ¯ı (for Vyang˙ ¯ı, "frog"), (5) Kacchap¯ı ("tortoise"), (6) Od.rika (from ¯ *udra*, "otter," or from *od.ra*, some water creature living in Od.ra or Orissa), (7) Suc¯ ¯ı ("scorpion" or some stinging creature),<sup>906</sup> (8) Gaggar¯ı (for Gargar¯ı, "catfish"), (9) M¯ıl¯ı (some creature, perhaps a corruption of S¯ıl¯ı [for S´¯ıl¯ı], "large snake," or Sil ´ ¯ı, "a kind of worm or frog"),907 (10) Jalaguha (some creature in a "hiding place in water"), (11) K ¯ ¯ıt.¯ımukha¯ (some "worm-face" creature), (12) Phad. ing˙ ¯ı ("cricket"), (13) Karkat.¯ı ("crab"), (14) Suy¯ ¯ı (some creature), (15) Mu¯ s.ika ("mouse"), (16) Pippa ¯ t.¯ımukha (for Pip ¯ ¯ılamukha, ¯ some "ant-face" creature), (17) Jalanar¯ ¯ı ("mermaid"), (18) Vad. av¯ı ("mare"), (19) Dantin¯ı ("elephant"), (20) Vyaghr ¯ ¯ı ("tiger"), (21) Jambuk¯ı ("jackal"), (22) Jalah¯ ¯ı ("water snake"), (23) Sa´ nkh ˙ a ("conch shell"), (24) Kapard ¯ ¯ı ("cowrie"), (25) Muktik¯ı ("pearl"), (26) Man.¯ı (another kind of "pearl"), (27) Jingur ˙ ¯ı (some creature), (28) L¯ıs¯ı (some creature), (29) Durddur¯ı (or Duddur¯ı, perhaps for Dardur¯ı, "frog"), (30) Karn. a¯t.¯ı (some water creature living in Karn. a¯t.a), (31) Pha¯t.ak¯ı (perhaps for spha¯t.ak¯ı, some creature),908 (32) Davak ¯ ¯ı (some creature), (33) Kr.m¯ı ("worm"), (34) Jus.ujus.¯ı (some creature, perhaps sounding "jus.u jus.u"), (35) Dam. sak ´ ¯ı ("gadfly"), and (36) Kala¯ (some creature). [They are] female leaders of gods and are eminent. **(167–170b)**

Born of their specific clans, [the yogin¯ıs] have the appearances colored in this way.909 Alternatively, [their color is] white. The yogin¯ıs have faces of their specific forms in order.910 In addition, [every yogin¯ı] is to be discerned as [an inhabitant of] the *upamelapaka ¯* ("near to the meeting") [holy site], to be [of] the Immovable Level, to

<sup>906</sup> My translation into "scorpion" is based on its Tibetan translation, *sdig nag* ("black scorpion").

<sup>907</sup> S´¯ıl¯ı and Sil ´ ¯ı are supported by Tibetan sources by Jayasena, namely, the Tibetan translation of the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (*s´¯ı li ma*) and a transcription of the Sanskrit name of this deity in the *Ratnapadmaraganidhi ¯* (*ba dzra shi l¯ı ye*). In manuscript C, the term has been emended as Man¯ ¯ı ("fish").

<sup>908</sup> If this name comes from *spha¯t.aka* ("a drop of water" or "crystal"), this may indicate some small or transparent water creature.

<sup>909</sup> This seems to mean that the body colors of the yogin¯ıs are same as those of the creatures that constitute their names.

<sup>910</sup> This means that the yogin¯ıs have faces of the creatures in accordance with their names.

be unexcelled, and to live in the seventh continent.<sup>911</sup> [Their] weapons are as before. **(170c–172b)**

Alternatively, [the yogin¯ıs'] male consorts are the thirty-six male deities [residing in the respective holy sites] starting with Pur¯ n. agiri.912 He should make their faces similar to [their] female consorts' [faces], corresponding to the order of [the twelve classes of holy site starting with] the *p¯ıt.ha*. This, the Jambu continent, is thereby ¯ divided into twelve sections.913 **(172c–173)**

The ocean is named Saline—all creatures belonging to it are associated with the moisture-born [deities on the Water Circle]. [He should understand] humans to be among the womb-born. The moisture-born belong to this, [the Water] Circle. The womb-born belong to the Fire Circle. Replete with all [kinds of good] characteristics, [the Water Circle] itself has the nature of wisdom and means. **(174–175)**

The Water Circle, the second, is thus [taught]. **(176)**

### *6.6.3. The Knowledge Circle (jñanacakra) ¯*

Now, outside that, I shall explain the Knowledge Circle entirely, [which is] multicolored and has thirty-six spokes corresponding to the sequence of the asuras' clan. **(177)**

(1) Tilottama ("the best sesame seed"), (2) Atisukh ¯ a ("extraordinary pleasure"), ¯ (3) Apsarasa ( ¯ *apsaras* + female ending *a¯*; "apsaras"), (4) Maharat ¯ a ("greatly pleased"), ¯ (5) Rat¯ı ("sexual pleasure"), (6) Ratakhy ¯ a ("named ¯ *rata¯* or pleasant"), (7) Padmin¯ı ("having a lotus"), (8) Sa´ nkhin ˙ ¯ı ("having a conch shell"), (9) Citrin.¯ı ("having a variety of things"), (10) Gaja ("elephant"), (11) Mah ¯ ar¯ up¯ a ("great appearance"), ¯ (12) Surup¯ a ("good appearance"), (13) K ¯ ant ¯ ¯ı ("love"), (14) Vilasin ¯ ¯ı ("charming woman"), (15) Sukha ("pleasure"), (16) Pu ¯ s.pakam¯ ¯ı ("wishing a flower"), (17) Kumud¯ı (water lily), (18) N¯ılotpala (blue lotus), (19) Sundar ¯ ¯ı ("beautiful"), (20) Rag¯ a¯ ("desire"), (21) Mahar¯ ag¯ a ("great desire"), (22) R ¯ am¯ akhy ¯ a ("named 'pleasing'"), (23) ¯ Mahar¯ amak ¯ ¯ı ("greatly pleasing"), (24) Madana ("love passion"), (25) Madanapriy ¯ a¯ ("love and favor"), (26) Kamin ¯ ¯ı ("amorous"), (27) Mahak¯ amik ¯ a ("very amorous"), ¯ (28) Sukhodbhava ("born of pleasure"), (29) Sukhamat ¯ ¯ı ("having pleasure"), (30) Priyatama ("dearest"), (31) Premak ¯ a ("affection"), (32) Saubh ¯ agyamat ¯ ¯ı ("having

<sup>911</sup> According to the *Bohita¯* (D 1419, 146r2), the seventh continent is *'jam bu'i gling*, whose Sanskrit can be restored as *jambudv ¯ ¯ıpa* (*Kalacakra ¯* , Skt ed. (Dwivedi 1994), 1.16).

<sup>912</sup> This view seems to be based on the teaching that this circle, the Water Circle, represents the seventh continent, the Jambu continent. The holy sites such as P ¯ ur¯ n. agiri, which are dvided into twelve classes

of holy site such as the *p¯ıt.ha*, are located on the Jambu continent. ¯ <sup>913</sup> The twelve classes of holy site, or twelve sections, are: (1) the *p¯ıt.ha*, (2) *upap¯ıt.ha*, (3) *ks.etra*, (4) *upaks.etra*, (5) *chandoha*, (6) *upacchandoha*, (7) *melapaka ¯* , (8) *upamelapaka ¯* , (9) *sma´ ´ sana ¯* , (10) *upa´sma´sana ¯* , (11) *p¯ılava*, and (12) *upap¯ılava*. See the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.261–272).

good fortune"), (33) Saubhagy ¯ a ("happy"), (34) Me ¯ n. uka (lower woman), ¯ <sup>914</sup> (35) Pradyumukh¯ı ("facing religious merit"), and (36) Jatir ¯ up¯ ¯ı ("birth and form") are declared to be the yogin¯ıs [on this circle], the best female leaders. **(178–182b)**

All [yogin¯ıs and heroes] have the nature of wisdom and means. The color [of their bodies] is manifold like [the color of the circle]. The weaponry in hand is as before, and the Eminence Level is to be known. **(182c–183b)**

[The Knowledge Circle is] the *sma´ ´ sana ¯* ("charnel ground") [holy site] and appears to be a jewel. [The yogin¯ıs and their consort heroes are] performers of self-existing pleasure. Therefore, [this] man. d. ala (layer) comprising the three circles is [connected with] the Enjoyment Body. Four lines are [drawn] on the circuit [of the Knowledge Circle] in terms of the purity of the Fourfold Pleasure.915 **(183c–184)**

[These] yogin¯ıs [reside] at the four gates starting with the east in order: (1) Gaur¯ı, (2) Caur¯ı, (3) Vetal¯ ¯ı, and (4) Ghasmar¯ı. He should place [them], again. The four goddesses residing in the [four] corners are (5) Pukkas¯ı, (6) Sabar ´ ¯ı, (7) Can. d. al¯ ¯ı, and (8) D. ombin¯ı (D. omb¯ı) in order. [These yogin¯ıs,] in every case, are to be discerned as before.916 **(185–186)**

A circle of charnel grounds is outside [the four gates and four corners] in the interior of the Knowledge Circle. (1) Balam ¯ r.tyu, (2) Ves.t.abhaks.a,<sup>917</sup> (3) Ghorayuddha, and (4) Savadam. sava (for Savada ´ m. saka) are in [the four cardinal directions] ´ starting with the east and going counterclockwise. Being greatly compassionate, he should visualize in this way [in the four intermediate directions]. [They are] (5) Dhum¯ andhak ¯ ara, (6) Agni, (7) H ¯ ah¯ arava, and (8) Mah ¯ arava. ¯ **(187–188)**

The trees are (1) a *candana*, (2) a *karpura ¯* , (3) a *jat¯ ¯ıphala*, (4) an *ela¯*, (5) a *nagakesara ¯* , (6) a *campaka*, (7) a *kundara*, and (8) a *devadaru ¯* . He should also see the guardians of direction. (1) Ravi (Sun), (2) S´¯ıtala (Moon), (3) Bhusuta (Mars), (4) ¯ Sa´ ´ sisuta (Mercury), (5) Guru (Jupiter), (6) Bhr.gu (Venus), (7) Ravitanaya (Saturn), and (8) Daitya´siras are to be discerned. He should make [their] faces appear violent. A flame (or torch), a sword, a short sword, a lance, a razor, a rock, and a bolt of lightning—he should place various weapons in the middle of [each of] the charnel grounds. **(189–192b)**

[There are accomplishments of] the sword, eye-ointment, and pill; [accomplishments of] the foot-ointment and alchemy; and accomplishments of the shoes, quicksilver, and the underworld: the wise can attain [them]. **(192c–f)**

<sup>914</sup> My translation, "lower woman," is based on its Tibetan translation, *dma' ba mo*.

<sup>915</sup> According to the *Ratnapadmaraganidhi ¯* (D 1516, 5v2), the four lines are colored dark blue, yellow, red, and green.

<sup>916</sup> This means that these four gatekeeping and four corner goddesses have physical features that are similar to those of the other four gatekeeping and four corner goddesses in the Merit and Earth Circles.

<sup>917</sup> All Sanskrit manuscripts of the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava*, the *Man. d. alarcanavidhi ¯* , and the *Var¯ ah¯ ¯ıkalpa* read as Ves.t.abhaks.a ("enclosing and eating"). However, the Tibetan translations of the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* and the *Laghutantrat.¯ıka¯* suggest that its name is Si´ s.t.abhaks.a or Ucchis.t.abhaks.a ("eating the remains of food").

The third, the Knowledge Circle, is thus [taught]. **(193)** The Enjoyment Layer, the third layer comprising the three circles. **(194)**
