**9.3. The Samadhi Named "The Supreme King of Man ¯ . d. ala" (\****man. d. alaraj¯ agr ¯ ¯ı nama sam ¯ adhih ¯ .* **)**

*9.3.1. The Innate Layer (1): Drop Circle (Continued)*

/pa dma'i **(D 7v7)** 'dab ma shar sogs kyi/ /bar bar du ni rnal 'byor ma/ /nyi shu rtsa bzhi'i grangs nyid ni/ /mkha' 'gro ma sogs drug drug go// /shar la sogs nas byang gi mthar/ /mkha' 'gro ma sogs drug de bzhin/ /dang po byang nas nub kyi mthar/ /slar yang la ma la ¯ **(D 8r1)** sogs drug//

/nub la sogs nas lho yi mthar/ /dum skyes ma la sogs pa'i rigs/ /dang po lho nas shar gyi mthar/ /de nas gzugs can ma sogs drug//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.51c–54b.

Yogin¯ıs are on the lotus petals [facing to the four cardinal directions] such as the east [and] to every intermediate [direction]. [Yogin¯ıs] starting with D. akin ¯ ¯ı, twenty-four in total, are [arranged] by sixes. In this manner, D. akin ¯ ¯ıs and so on, six [in number],

<sup>1335</sup> What this "others" (*la sogs*) indicates is not clear. In the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.48d), she wears six seals. The "five seals and others" may mean "the five seals and the other seal," namely, the six seals.

are [arranged on the six petals] from the east to the north. Again, [arranged] from the north, Lam¯ a and so on, six [in number], are [arranged on the next six petals] ¯ to the west. [Arranged] from the west, "lineage" (viz., six) [yogin¯ıs] starting with Khan. d. aroha are [arranged on the next six petals] to the south. And then, [arranged] ¯ from the south, Rupi ¯ n.¯ı and so on, six [in number], are [arranged on the rest six petals] to the east.

/(1) mkha' 'gro ma dang (2) gzugs can nyid/ /(3) 'o byed ma dang (4) gzhan bsgyur ma/ /(5) byis bcas **(D 8r2)** ma dang (6) rjes 'jug ma/ /phyed nag phyed sngo can rnams so// /(7) la ma (8) rnal 'byor dbang phyug dang/ ¯ <sup>1336</sup> /(9) bzang mo (10) thod pa can (11) nag mo/1337 /(12) rgyal po bskor ma phyed ljang gu/ /gang phyir phyed dmar rim pas so// /(13) dum skyes ma dang (14) dur khrod ma/ /(15) rnam par zhu ma (16) ku ru kul/1338 /(17) **ngu** ma (18) gar mar **(D 8r3)** grags ma rnams/<sup>1339</sup> /phyed dmar ba la phyed ser mo// /(19) gzugs can (20) 'jigs byed (21) gtsug phud ma/ /(22) thor tshugs (23) ral pa can (24) drag mo/ /lha mo phyed ser phyed nag mo/ /phyag mtshan la sogs phag mo bzhin//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.54c–58b.

(1) D. akin ¯ ¯ı, (2) Rupik ¯ ¯ı, (3) Cumbika, (4) Par ¯ av¯ r.tta, (5) Sab ¯ alik ¯ ¯ı, and (6) Anuvart¯ı are half black and half dark blue (green) [in color].1340 (7) Lam¯ a, (8) Yog ¯ ¯ı´svar¯ı, (9) Bhadr¯ı, (10) Kapalin ¯ ¯ı, (11) Kank˙ alik ¯ a, ¯ <sup>1341</sup> and (12) Raj ¯ avart ¯ ¯ı are half green and half red, in order.<sup>1342</sup> (13) Khan. d. aroha, (14) ¯ Sma´ ´ san¯ ¯ı, (15) Vidrav¯ı, (16) Kurukullik¯ı, (17) Rudant¯ı, and (18) Nat.¯ı are stated to be half red and half yellow. (19) Rupi ¯ n.¯ı, (20) Bhairav¯ı,

<sup>1336</sup> la ma ] D; lha ma P. ¯

<sup>1337</sup> bzang mo ] D; zab mo P.

<sup>1338</sup> ku ru kul ] D; ku ru ku la ma P.

<sup>1339</sup> ngu ma ] *em.*; glu ma D; ngu ma P; cf. ngu ma ¯ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.57a).

<sup>1340</sup> The word *sngo* means "dark blue". However, green is better than dark blue because the color of the north direction is green. See *harita-* in the parallel line in the edited Sanskrit *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.55b).

<sup>1341</sup> The Tibetan translation of her name is *nag mo* (suggesting Kalik ¯ a or equivalent) in both this text and ¯ the Tibetan translation of the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.55d).

<sup>1342</sup> The *gang phyir* and *rim pas* is *kramayatah ¯ .* ("in order") in the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.56b).

(21) Sikh ´ ¯ı, (22) Sikha ´ n. d.¯ı, (23) Jat.al¯ ¯ı,1343 and (24) Rudr¯ı are goddesses [who are] half yellow and half black. [Their physical features] such as weapons in [their] hands are [the same as those] of Var¯ ah¯ ¯ı.

/mtshams kyi 'dab ma rnams la ni/ /bdud rtsi lnga yi snod rnams **(D 8r4)** so/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.58cd.

Skull bowls [filled with] the fivefold nectar of immortality are [placed] on the petals [located] between [the petals where the twenty-four yogin¯ıs reside].

/g-yas brkyang zhabs kyis de bzhin du/ /thod pa'i phreng ba sogs 'dzin ma// /g-yon skor du ni shes bya ste/1344 /ri rab steng gi char skyes ma'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.59.

Assuming the pratyal¯ ¯ıd. ha posture, [every yogin¯ı] wears a string of skulls and other [good ornaments]. [Every yogin¯ı] is to be discerned on [the lotus petals in] a counterclockwise direction, to have been born on the upper portion (summit) of Mt. Sumeru.

'di ni thig le'i 'khor lo zhes bya'o//

This is named the Drop Cirlce.

*9.3.2. The Innate Layer (2): Adamantine Circle*

/de'i rgyab rdo rje'i 'khor lo ni/ /sngo nag 'khor lo'i rtsibs rnams **(D 8r5)** kyis/1345

/g-yon skor rim pas bsam bya ba/1346 /shes rab thabs dang mnyam sbyor ba'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.61ab.

Outside that is the Adamantine Circle. On the spokes of [this] circle, [which is colored] dark bluish-black, wisdoms (d. akin ¯ ¯ıs) in union with means (their male consorts) are to be visualized in a counterclockwise direction in order.

<sup>1343</sup> Although she is named Jat.al¯ ¯ı in her mantra (D 25r5), her name is perhaps Jat.il¯ı in this passage: she (*ral pa can*) is Jat.il¯ı (whose Tibetan is also *ral pa can*) in the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.57d).

<sup>1344</sup> skor ] D; bskor P.

<sup>1345</sup> sngo ] D; sngon P.

<sup>1346</sup> skor ] D; bskor P.

de dag kyang (1) mkha' 'gro ma dang rdo rje mkha' 'gro'o//<sup>1347</sup> (2) la ma ¯ dang sna tshogs mkha' 'gro'o// (3) dum skyes ma dang pa dma mkha' 'gro'o// (4) gzugs can ma dang rin chen mkha' **(D 8r6)** 'gro'o// (5) rab tu gtum mo dang thod pa'i dum bu can no// (6) gtum pa'i mig can ma dang keng rus chen po'o// (7) 'od ldan ma dang keng rus so// (8) sna chen mo dang mche ba rnam par gtsigs pa'o// (9) dpa' ba'i blo gros ma dang dgra'i lha'o// (10) mi'u thung ma dang 'od dpag tu med pa'o// **(D 8r7)** (11) lang ka'i dbang phyug ma dang rdo rje 'od do// (12) shing grib ma dang rdo rje'i sku'o// (13) sa srung ma dang myu gu can no// (14) 'jigs byed chen mo dang rdo rje ral pa can no//<sup>1348</sup> (15) rlung gi shugs can ma dang dpa' bo chen po'o//1349 (16) chang za ma dang rdo rje hu¯m. mdzad do// (17) sngo bsangs lha mo dang shin tu bzang **(D 8v1)** po'o// (18) rab tu bzang mo dang rdo rje bzang po'o// (19) rta rna ma dang 'jigs byed chen po'o// (20) bya gdong ma dang mig mi bzang ngo// (21) 'khor lo'i shugs can ma dang stobs po che'o// (22) dum skyes ma dang rin chen rdo rje'o// (23) chang 'tshong ma dang rta mgrin no// (24) 'khor lo'i go cha ma dang nam mkha'i **(D 8v2)** snying po'o// (25) shin tu dpa' mo dang he ru ka'o// (26) stobs chen ma dang pa dma gar gyi dbang phyug go// (27) 'khor los sgyur ma dang rnam par snang mdzad do//<sup>1350</sup> (28) brtson 'grus chen mo dang rdo rje sems dpa'o// (29) gshin rje mo'i bu mo dang stobs po che'o// (30) gshin rje ma dang ye shes mkha' 'gro'o// **(D 8v3)** (31) g-yo byed ma dang blo brtan ma'o// (32) skrag byed ma dang brtan pa'o// (33) gtum mo dang thar pa'o// (34) dbyangs can ma dang ye shes so// (35) 'dod grub ma dang thabs so// (36) 'bar ba chen mo dang thugs kyi rdo rje ste/ kha dog 'khor lo ji lta ba'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.61c–65 and 15.233–237b.

They are (1) D. akin ¯ ¯ı and Vajrad. aka; (2) L ¯ am¯ a and Vi´ ¯ svad. aka; (3) Kha ¯ n. d.roha¯ and Padmad. aka; (4) R ¯ upi ¯ n.¯ı and Ratnad. aka; (5) Praca ¯ n. d.¯ı and Khan. d. akapalin; ¯ (6) Can. d. ak¯ s.¯ı and Mahaka ¯ nk˙ ala; (7) Prabh ¯ avat ¯ ¯ı and Kank˙ ala; (8) Mah ¯ an¯ as¯ a and ¯ Vikat.adam. s.t.ra; (9) V¯ıramat¯ı and Suravairin; (10) Kharvar ¯ ¯ı and Amitabha; (11) ¯ Lanke´ ˙ svar¯ı and Vajraprabha; (12) Drumacchay¯ a and Vajradeha; (13) Air ¯ avat ¯ ¯ı and Ankurika; (14) Mah ˙ abhairav ¯ ¯ı and Vajrajat.ila; (15) Vayuveg ¯ a and Mah ¯ av¯ ¯ıra; (16)

<sup>1347</sup> rdo rje ] D; rdo rje'i P.

<sup>1348</sup> 'jigs byed chen mo ] D; 'jigs byed ma P ♦ rdo rje ] D; rdo rje'i P.

<sup>1349</sup> rlung gi ] D; rlung P.

<sup>1350</sup> 'khor los ] D; 'khor lo P.

Surabhak ¯ s.¯ı and Vajrahu¯m. kara; (17) ¯ Sy´ amadev ¯ ¯ı <sup>1351</sup> and Subhadra; (18) Subhadr¯ı and Vajrabhadra; (19) Hayakarn. a and Mah ¯ abhairava; (20) Khag ¯ anan ¯ a and Vir ¯ up¯ ak¯ s.a; (21) Cakravega and Mah ¯ abala; (22) Kha ¯ n. d. aroha and Ratnavajra; (23) ¯ Sau ´ n. d. in¯ı and Hayagr¯ıva; (24) Cakravarmin.¯ı and Ak¯ a´¯sagarbha; (25) Suv¯ıra and Heruka; (26) ¯ Mahabal ¯ a and Padmanarte´ ¯ svara; (27) Cakravartin¯ı and Vairocana; (28) Mahav¯ ¯ırya¯ and Vajrasattva; (29) Yamin ¯ ¯ı and Mahabala; (30) Yamin ¯ ¯ı and Jñana ¯ d. aka; (31) ¯ Sam. calin ¯ ¯ı and Dhairya; (32) Trasan ¯ ¯ı and Sthairya; (33) Can. d. ika and Mok ¯ s.a; (34) Sarasvat ¯ ¯ı and Jñana; (35) Icch ¯ asiddhi and Up ¯ aya; and (36) Mah ¯ ajv¯ al¯ ¯ı and Cittavajra. The color [of their bodies] is the same as [the color of] the circle (dark bluish-black).

/phyag bzhi ma la zhal gcig ma/ /thod **(D 8v4)** pa dang ni kha t.wa¯m. 'dzin/

/cang te'u gri gug de bzhin no/ /skra grol phyogs kyi gos can ma// /sku la phyag rgya lnga sogs te/ /rdo rje'i phreng bas rnam par brgyan/ /yi dags gdan can drag chen mo/ /'khor lo kun gyi rnal 'byor ma//1352 /sna tshogs rgyan dang ldan pa dang/ /de bzhin **(D 8v5)** shes rab thabs ldan pa'o/

/thabs rnams dpa' bo'i rgyan ldan zhing/ /dpa' mo'i pang na gnas pa'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.66–68b.

[Every] yogin¯ı on all [twelve] circles [has] four arms, [has] one face, holds a skull bowl and a skull staff [in the two left hands], and [holds] a small drum and a knife [in the two right hands]. [She has her] hair untied, is naked, [has her] body [ornamented with] the five seals, is adorned with a string of vajras, stands on a corpse, and is very terrifying; [she] wears various [good] ornaments and is a wisdom accompanying a means (her male consort). Means (their male consorts) wear hero's ornaments and sit on the laps of [their consort] heroines.

/lhag ma'i ming ni dpa' mo bzhin/ /skyes bu'i rtags rnams su bya 'o/ /'khor lo bcu gcig rnams kyis ni/ /sgo la sogs pa'i yang de bzhin no// /snying po'i **(D 8v6)** pa dma'i lha mo rnams/ /gtso bos bdag po bzhin du bya/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.237c–238.

The names of the remaining [heroes] are similar to [the names of their consort] heroines: He should make [the heroines' names] masculine. [This is the case] of the

<sup>1351</sup> I have followed the transcription of her name in her mantra. Her name is Sy´ amadev ¯ ¯ı in some texts, particularly in the texts belonging to Luy¯ ¯ıpada's tradition, and ¯ Sy´ am¯ adev ¯ ¯ı (from *sy´ am¯ a n¯ ama dev ¯ ¯ı*) in the other traditions. In the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, she is the latter.

<sup>1352</sup> kun gyi ] D; kun kyi P.

eleven circles [from the Heart to the Body Circles]. The Lord [Heruka at the center] should act like a husband of the [twenty-four] goddesses on the inside lotus, [which is] also the case of the gate[-keeper goddesses] and others (viz., the four corner goddesses) [on the outer parts of the Merit, Earth, Knowledge, and Body Circles].1353

/'on kyang bdag po sogs 'khor lor/ /ji ltar bskal bzang rgyal ba ni// /bzhi yis dman pa'i stong phrag gcig/ /de rnams thams cad rnam bsgom bya/

/mtshan ni yon tan dbye bas phye/ /sprul pa'i sku can **(D 8v7)** bdag nyid do//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.239–240b.

However, on the circles of [these] husbands and others (consort goddesses), there are also the Victors during the Fortunate Aeon; all of them are visualized, 996 [in number], differentiated by difference in [their] names and qualities, in the nature of the Emanation Body.<sup>1354</sup>

/gang zhig gang gi 'khor lo yi/ /rnal 'byor ma ni thog mar byung/ /de yi bcu gnyis shes par bya/ /kun spyod gnas dang nye gnas ma'o// /lhag ma sa ni bcu gsum pa/ /sgo dang grwa la gnas ma'o/ /mchod dang bstod sogs dus su ni/ /thog mar rdo rje'i ming **(D 9r1)** shes bya// /dpa' bo rnams la'ang de bzhin no//1355

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.240c–242c.

The first yogin¯ı in that circle1356 is the one [who] emerged in the beginning (Var¯ ah¯ ¯ı)—the twelve [classes of yogin¯ıs] are to be discerned by her; [they] rotate in [the twelve circles representing] the *p¯ıt.ha*, *upap¯ıt.ha*, [and so on]. The other [yogin¯ıs] residing at the gates and corners are [expressive of] the thirteenth Level. [Every yogin¯ı is] to be discerned with a name starting with "Vajra" at the time of offering and praise. [This is] also the case of [the names of] the heroes.

/de ltar gzugs med khams dang ni/ /de yang gnas su nges par brjod/ /rab tu dga' ba'i sar grags pa'o/ /slar yang gnas dang nye gnas sogs//

<sup>1353</sup> I have interpreted the structure of this passage thus based on the structure of the parallel passage in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.237c–238).

<sup>1354</sup> I have translated thus after considering that the word *ji ltar* (*yatha¯*, "like") is very weak. In fact, the Victors during the Fortunate Aeon are depicted separately from the heroes and yogin¯ıs in this text.

<sup>1355</sup> 'ang ] D; yang P.

<sup>1356</sup> Literally, "the one who is the [first] yogin¯ı in whose circle". The word for "first" is not included in the text. I have supplemented it from the parallel line in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.240c), *ady ¯ a¯*, which is not translated in its Tibetan translation, either.

/de ltar sa yi dbus su yang/ /sa bcu gnyis **(D 9r2)** su 'dod pa yin/ /de ltar thams cad du shes bya/ /khams gcig 'dir ni thams cad med//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.68c–70b.

The Formless Realm is thus [described]. It (the Adamantine Circle) is also proclaimed to be the *p¯ıt.ha* ("seat"), known to be the Joyful Level. [The *p¯ıt.ha* is inclusive] of, again, the *p¯ıt.ha*, *upap¯ıt.ha* ("near to the seat"), and the other [classes of holy sites]. In the same manner, the [entire body of the] Twelve Levels is accepted to be in the middle of [each] individual Level.<sup>1357</sup> Similarly, the entire [body of the three realms] is to be known in all individual realms.1358

/sum cu rtsa drug bshad pa rnams/ /gtso bo yon tan kun rang bzhin/ /de ltar khams ni dpa' bo dang/ /rnal 'byor ma yi rang bzhin can// /khor yug tu ni sems can **(D 9r3)** rnams/ /rdzus skyes rigs kyi rim pas so/ /de yang sum cu rtsa drug gi/ /yul dang yul rim pas phye ba'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.70c–71.

[On each realm], there are thirty-six [couples of heroes and yogin¯ıs] in total; [it] consists in all merits and is powerful.1359 In this way, [every] realm has the nature of the heroes and yogin¯ıs. In [all circles inside] the ring of mountains, [he] generates classes of birth (*rigs*) of sentient beings in order,<sup>1360</sup> and they are again divided into thirty-six [and arranged] in the respective places [on each circle] in order.

zhes bya ba ni rdo rje'i 'khor lo'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.72.

The Adamantine Circle is thus [taught].

<sup>1357</sup> The meaning of this passage is as follows: each of the twelve classes of holy sites is inclusive of, or has the qualities of, all twelve classes of holy sites, and each of the Twelve Levels is inclusive of all Twelve Levels.

<sup>1358</sup> Literally, the last two *pada ¯* s of this passage (*/de ltar thams cad du shes bya/ /khams gcig 'dir ni thams cad med//*) can be translated as "Similarly [he] should know of all; each realm, in this [system], is not [inclusive of] all." However, this does not seem correct. Due to the word *de ltar* (similarly, in this way), it must mean that each realm is also inclusive of all realms: all three realms (the Desire, Form, and Formless Realms) must be included in each of the three realms. Therefore, I have translated thus according to the parallel line in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.70ab: *evam. sarves.u jñatavyam ekadh ¯ atu ¯ s.u sarvakam*).

<sup>1359</sup> The *gtso bo* is *vibhu* in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15. 70d), which is used as an adjective ("powerful").

<sup>1360</sup> For this line (*/khor yug tu ni sems can rnams/ /rdzus skyes rigs kyi rim pas so/*), I have translated it according to the Sanskrit parallel *cakrava¯d.es.u sattvan¯ am upap ¯ adya kula ¯ m. kramat¯* in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.71ab), whose Tibetan is, however, also/*khor yug tu ni sems can rnams/ /rdzus skyes rigs kyi rim pas so/*. The major difference is the word *rdzus skyes* (\**upapaduka ¯* , "spontaneous birth"), which is *upapadya ¯* ("having generated") in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*.

#### *9.3.3. The Innate Layer (3): Heart Circle*

/de nas de yi phyi rol 'chad/ /slar yang snying po'i 'khor lo 'di/ /dmar ser kha dog la de bzhin/ /'khor lo'i **(D 9r4)** rtsibs kyi dbus su ni//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.73.

Now, furthermore, I shall explain this, the Heart Circle, outside the [Adamantine Circle]. [Deities reside] in the middles of the circle's spokes colored in reddish-yellow as follows:

/(1) rdo rje 'chang ma (2) mi bskyod ma/

/(3) rnam snang (4) rin chen dbang mo dang/

/(5) pa dma gar dbang (6) don yod ma/

/(7) spyan ma dang ni (8) ma ma k ¯ ¯ı//

/(9) gos dkar (10) sgrol ma (11) gzugs rdo rje/

/(12) sgra dang (13) dri dang (14) ro de bzhin/

/(15) reg dang (16) chos dbyings rdo rje ma/

/(17) sa snying ma dang (18) mkha' **(D 9r5)** snying mo//

/(19) phyag ma (20) 'jig rten mgon po ma/

/(21) sgrib kun sel ma (22) kun bzang mo/

/(23) rin chen sgrol ma (24) bdag med ma/

/(25) khro gnyer (26) ri khrod lo ma can//

/(27) gshin mthar byed ma (28) shes mtha' ma/

/(29) pad mtha' ma (30) bgegs mthar byed ma/

/(31) mi g-yo ma dang (32) dbyug sngon ma/

/(33) 'dod **(D 9r6)** rgyal mo dang (34) stobs chen mo//

/(35) gtsug tor ma dang (36) gnod mdzes ma/1361

/kha dog 'khor lo ji bzhin te/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.74–78b.

[They are] (1) Vajradhar¯ı, (2) Aks.obhy¯ı, (3) Vairocan¯ı, (4) Ratna´sikhin¯ı,<sup>1362</sup> (5) Padmanarte´svar¯ı, (6) Amogh¯ı, (7) Locana, and (8) M ¯ amak ¯ ¯ı, (9) Pa¯n. d. aravasin ¯ ¯ı, (10) Tar¯ a, (11) R ¯ upavajr ¯ a, and (12) ¯ Sabdavajr ´ a, (13) Gandhavajr ¯ a, and (14) Rasavajr ¯ a, ¯ (15) Spar´savajra, (16) Dharmadh ¯ atuvajr ¯ a, (17) K ¯ s.itigarbh¯ı, (18) Khagarbhak¯ı, (19) Pa¯n.¯ı (for Vajrapa¯n.¯ı), (20) Lokanath ¯ ¯ı, (21) Sarvavara ¯ n. anis.kambhin¯ı (for Sarvanivaran. avis.kambhin¯ı),<sup>1363</sup> (22) Samantabhadr¯ı, (23) Ratnolk¯ı, (24) Nairatmy ¯ ¯ı,

<sup>1361</sup> gnod mdzes ma ] D; gnod mdzes mo P.

<sup>1362</sup> Alternatively, her name is Ratne´sika ( ¯ *rin chen dbang mo*). In her mantra, she is called Ratna´sikhin¯ı, but she is named Ratne´sika in the ¯ *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.74b), the Tibetan translation of which is also *rin chen dbang mo*.

<sup>1363</sup> She is called Sarvavaran ¯ . anis.kambhin¯ı in her mantra (D 26r3).

(25) Bhr.kut.ik¯ı, (26) Parn. a´sabar¯ı, (27) Yamantak ¯ ¯ı, (28) Prajñantak ¯ ¯ı, (29) Padmantak ¯ ¯ı, (30) Vighnantak ¯ ¯ı, (31) Acal¯ı, (32) N¯ıladan. d.¯ı, (33) T. akkiraj ¯ ¯ı, (34) Mahabal ¯ ¯ı, (35) Us.n.¯ıs.¯ı, and (36) Sumbharaj ¯ ¯ı.<sup>1364</sup> The color [of their bodies] is the same as [the color of] the circle (viz., reddish-yellow).

/zhal la sogs pa'i mtshan nyid kun/ /lhag ma rdo rje'i 'khor lo bzhin// /nye ba'i gnas su lha mo rnams/ /rang 'dra'i thabs dang bsam par bya/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.78c–79ab.

All other features [of the yogin¯ıs], such as [their] faces, are [identical to the features of the yogin¯ıs] on the Adamantine Circle (such as one face and four arms). He should visualize [these yogin¯ıs copulating] with means (their consort heroes), [who] resemble the respective goddesses (their consort yogin¯ıs; *lha mo rnams rang 'dra'i*), at [their places on this circle representing] the *upap¯ıt.ha*.

/g-yas brkyang **(D 9r7)** ba yi zhabs kyis kyang//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.79cd.

[The yogin¯ıs' outer feature] is also [to be discerned] by the pratyal¯ ¯ıd. ha posture [on all twelve circles].1365

/gzugs kyi khams dang sa dri med/ /zla ba'i gling du 'dod pa yin//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.80ab.

[This circle] is understood to be the Form Realm, the Stainless [Level], and the Candra Continent (*candradv¯ıpa*).

zhes bya ba ni snying po'i 'khor lo ste gnyis pa'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.85.

The Heart Circle, the second, is thus [taught].

<sup>1364</sup> Their male consorts' names are (1) Vajradhara, (2) Aks.obhya, (3) Vairocana, (4) Ratna´sikhin, (5) Padmanarte´svara, (6) Amogha, (7) Locana, (8) Mamaka, (9) P ¯ a¯n. d. aravasa, (10) T ¯ ara, (11) ¯ Rupavajra, (12) ¯ Sabdavajra, (13) Gandhavajra, (14) Rasavajra, (15) Spar´ ´ savajra, (16) Dharmadhatuvajra, ¯ (17) Ks.itigarbha, (18) Khagarbha, (19) Vajrapa¯n. i, (20) Lokanatha, (21) Sarv ¯ avara ¯ n. anis.kambha (Sarvanivaran. avis.kambhin), (22) Samantabhadra, (23) Ratnolka, (24) Nairatmya, (25) Bh ¯ r.kut.ika, (26) Parn. a´sabara, (27) Yamantaka, (28) Prajñ ¯ antaka, (29) Padm ¯ antaka, (30) Vighn ¯ antaka, (31) Acala, ¯ (32) N¯ıladan. d. a, (33) T. akkiraja, (34) Mah ¯ abala, (35) U ¯ s.n.¯ıs.a, and (36) Sumbharaja, according to their ¯ mantras.

<sup>1365</sup> This *pada ¯* (*g-yas brkyang ba yi zhabs kyis kyang*) is *pratyal¯ ¯ıd. hapadenapi vijñeya ¯ m. sarvacakrake* in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.79ab), whose Tibetan is also *g-yas brkyang ba yi zhabs kyis kyang*. Therefore, I have followed the Sanskrit text in translating it.

*9.3.4. The Innate Layer (4): Merit Circle*

/de nas de'i rgyab yon tan kun/ /zhes bya'i 'khor lo dkar dmar ba/ /rdo rje'i rtsibs kyi dbus sbyin pa/ /pho nya ma **(D 9v1)** mchog sum cu drug//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.86.

Now, outside that is a circle named "All Merits," [which is colored] whitish-red. He should place thirty-six female messengers, [who are] eminent, in the middles of [the circle's] adamantine spokes.1366

/(1) bram ze (2) rgyal rigs (3) rje'u rigs mo/1367

/(4) dmangs mo (5) gtum mo (6) khyi 'tshod ma/

/(7) g-yung mo (8) gar ma (9) thod pa can/

/(10) nya **pa** mo dang (11) smyig gar ma//<sup>1368</sup>

/(12) dung mkhan ma dang (13) tha ga mo/

/(14) khur ba mkhan mo (15) shing bzo ma/

/(16) phreng ba (17) khwa ba (18) tshos ma dang/

/(19) srin bal byed **(D 9v2)** ma (20) pho nya mo//<sup>1369</sup>

/(21) rus bzo ma dang (22) rtsis mkhan ma/1370

/(23) chang 'tshong (24) ldum ra'i gnyer pa mo/

/(25) rgyal pos bkrabs ma (26) shan pa mo/1371

/(27) so rtsi 'tshong bar byed ma dang//

/(28) gser mgar mo dang (29) lcags mgar mo/1372

/(30) nor bu brgyud ma (31) nags pa mo/

/(32) kla klo o d. i (33) tshong pa mo/1373

/(34) rdo bzo ma dang (35) zhing **(D 9v3)** las ma//

/(36) ko lpags mo ste rnal 'byor ma/ /'di rnams 'khor lo'i kha dog go/

/lhag ma thams cad snying po yi/ /'khor lo ji bzhin shes par bya//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.87–91.

(1) Brahma ¯ n.¯ı ("*brahma ¯ n. a* woman" or a woman from the priestly caste), (2) Ks.atrin.¯ı ("*ks.atriya* woman"), (3) Vai´sy¯ı ("*vai´sya* woman"), (4) S´udri ¯ n.¯ı ("*s´udra ¯* woman"), (5)

<sup>1366</sup> The word *sbyin pa* is *dadyat¯* ("should give [place]," whose Tibetan is also *sbyin pa*) in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.86c).

<sup>1367</sup> rje'u rigs mo ] D; rje'u rigs ma P.

<sup>1368</sup> nya pa mo ] *corr.*; nya ba mo DP.

<sup>1369</sup> srin bal ] D; srin bral P.

<sup>1370</sup> bzo ma ] D; zos ma P.

<sup>1371</sup> shan pa mo ] D; shin pa mo P.

<sup>1372</sup> gser ] D; gseg P.

<sup>1373</sup> tshong pa mo ] D; tshong ba mo P.

Can. d. alin ¯ ¯ı ("*can. d. ala ¯* woman"), (6) Svacin ´ ¯ı (for Svapacin ´ ¯ı, "dog-cooker woman"), (7) D. ombin¯ı ("*d. omba* woman"), (8) Nat.¯ı ("dancer woman"), (9) Kapalin ¯ ¯ı ("skull-bearer woman"), (10) Kaivart¯ı ("fisher woman"), (11) Ven. unat.¯ı ("flute-dancer woman"), (12) Sa´ nkhak ˙ ¯ı ("shell-bearer woman"), (13) Tantuvayak ¯ ¯ı ("weaver woman"), (14) Kanduk¯ı ("cooker woman") or Kan. d. uk¯ı ("barber woman"),<sup>1374</sup> (15) Ka¯s.t.hakarik ¯ ¯ı ("carpenter woman"), (16) Mal¯ ak¯ ¯ı ("garland-maker woman"), (17) Tail¯ı ("oil-treating woman"),<sup>1375</sup> (18) Chiy¯ı ("dyer woman"), (19) Ko´sakar¯ ¯ı ("box-maker woman"), (20) Dut¯ ¯ı ("messenger woman"), (21) Had. aga¯d.¯ı ("bone-treating woman"), (22) Gan. ik¯ı ("astrologer woman" or "courtesan"), (23) Kallaval¯ ¯ı (for Kalyapal¯ ¯ı, "wine-seller woman") or Karn. abal¯ı ("ear-power"),1376 (24) Kupar ¯ ¯ı (for Kupak ¯ ar¯ ¯ı, "well-digger woman") (25) Rajabha ¯ t.¯ı ("royal-soldier woman"), (26) Khat.t.ik¯ı ("hunter [or butcher] woman"), (27) Tambolavikray ¯ ¯ı (for Tamb ¯ ulavikray ¯ ¯ı, "betel-seller woman"), (28) Sauvarn. akar¯ ¯ı ("goldsmith woman"), (29) Lohar¯ ¯ı (for Lohakar¯ ¯ı, "blacksmith woman"), (30) Man. ihar¯ ¯ı ("jewel-carrying woman"), (31) Davak ¯ ¯ı ("forest-dwelling savage woman"), (32) Mlecch¯ı ("foreign woman"), who is Od. in¯ı ("woman from Od.ra or Orissa"), or Mlecched.¯ı,<sup>1377</sup> (33) Van. ij¯ı ("merchant woman"), (34) Pattharagadh ¯ ¯ı ("masonry woman"), (35) Kr.s.ikar¯ ¯ı ("farmer woman"), and (36) Carmakar¯ ¯ı ("leather-worker woman") are the yogin¯ıs [on this circle].<sup>1378</sup> Their [bodies' color] is [the same as] the color of the circle (viz., whitish-red). All other [features of the yogin¯ıs] are to be understood as the same as [the features of the yogin¯ıs] on the Heart Circle.

/'dir ni zhing du shes bya ste/ /'dod khams rigs kun bdag nyid dang/ /dkar po'i gling zhes bya bar bshad/1379 /**(D 9v4)** rang gi shes rab thabs

<sup>1374</sup> Her name in her mantra is Kan. d. uk¯ı. However, the Tibetan *khur ba mkhan mo* appears to be closer to Kanduk¯ı than to Kan. d. uk¯ı.

<sup>1375</sup> *khwa ba*. Her name in her mantra is Tail¯ı, and her name in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.88c) is Tailin¯ı (whose Tibetan translation is *kha ma*).

<sup>1376</sup> *chang 'tshong*. However, in her mantra, her name is Karn. abal¯ı, whose meaning is obscure: "ear-power". Her name is Kallaval¯ ¯ı in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.89b), whose Tibetan translation is also *chang 'tshong*. Perhaps Karn. abal¯ı is a corruption of Kallaval¯ ¯ı.

<sup>1377</sup> *kla klo o d. <sup>i</sup>*. However, in her mantra (D 26v7), she is named Mlecched.¯ı, which is perhaps derived from Mlecchyod.¯ı (from Mlecch¯ı-od. in¯ı). She is called "Mlecch¯ı Od. in¯ı" (whose Tibetan is also *kla klo o d. i*) in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.90c). In the Peking edition of the *Ratnapadmaraganidhi ¯* (P 34r3), in her mantra, she is called mle tstshi od.¯ı (Mlecch¯ı-od.¯ı).

<sup>1378</sup> According to their mantras, the names of their male consorts are (1) Brahman ¯ . a, (2) Ks.atrin, (3) Vai´sa, (4) S´udra, (5) Ca ¯ n. d. ala, (6) ¯ Svacin (for ´ Svapacin), (7) ´ D. ombin, (8) Nat.a, (9) Kapala, (10) Kaivarta, ¯ (11) Ven. unat.a, (12) Sa´ nkhaka, (13) Tantuv ˙ ayaka, (14) Kanduka, (15) K ¯ a¯s.t.hakarika, (16) M ¯ al¯ aka, (17) ¯ Taila, (18) Chiya, (19) Ko´sakara, (20) D ¯ uta, (21) Ha ¯ d. aga¯d. a, (22) Gan. ika, (23) Karn. abala (alternatively Kallavala), (24) K ¯ upara, (25) R ¯ ajabha ¯ t.a, (26) Khat.t.ika, (27) Tambolavikraya, (28) Sauvar ¯ n. akara, (29) ¯ Lohara, (30) Ma ¯ n. ihara, (31) D ¯ avaka, (32) Mlecche ¯ d. a, (33) Van. ija, (34) Pattharagadhaka, (35) K ¯ r.s.ikara, ¯ and (36) Carmakara. ¯

<sup>1379</sup> gling ] D; gleng P.

bdag nyid// /'od byed pa yi sa de bzhin//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.92–93a.

On this [Merit Circle], he should recognize the *ks.etra* ("field," a class of holy sites). [The circle] comprises all classes of birth in the Desire Realm. They said [that the circle represents] the Sitabha Continent (\* ¯ *sitabhadv ¯ ¯ıpa*). [It is] itself of the nature of [united] wisdom and means. Furthermore, [the circle is] the Luminous Level.

/de yi phyi rol khyams rnams la/ /bskal pa bzang po'i sangs rgyas rnams/ /stong du bzhi yis nyung ba ste// /dkyil 'khor rim pa bzhi po la/ /nyis brgya bzhi bcu rtsa dgu dgu/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.239.

In the open passages outside that, there are Victors during the Fortunate Aeon, 996 [in number]. There are 249 [Victors] in [each of] the four layers of the man. d. ala.

bskal pa bzang po'i **(D 9v5)** mdo nyid na/ stong tshang bar bzhugs te/1380 'khor ba 'jig dang gser thub dang 'od srungs rnams ni sngar gshegs pas 'khor du mi 'os pa'i phyir dang/<sup>1381</sup> sha kya thub pa ni mkha' 'gro rgya ¯ mtsho rang nyid yin pa'i phyir/ bzhi po ma gtogs pa'o//

In the *Bhadrakalpikasutra ¯* , <sup>1382</sup> there are 1000 [Victors] in total. Because Krakucchanda, Kanakamuni, and Ka´¯syapa were already liberated in the past and therefore are not helplful in [this] transmigratory existence, and because S´akyamuni is exactly the ¯ nature of *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, [these] four are not included.1383

lha'i snam bu'i shar **(D 9v6)** nas g-yon skor du rim pas thams cad kyang pa dma dang zla ba la bzhugs pa dka' thub kyi cha byad can sku mdog sna tshogs pa rnams te/1384 de yang mchog tu dga' ba'i rgyal po/

On the divine cloth (*snam bu*, viz., outer part), starting from the east in a counterclockwise direction in order, all [of the 996 Victors are arranged; they each]

<sup>1380</sup> tshang bar ] D; tshang ba P.

<sup>1381</sup> 'khor ba 'jig ] D; 'khor ba 'jigs P.

<sup>1382</sup> This indicates the *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94). The names of the 1000 Victors are enumerated in D 94, 96v1–101v5. The passages in the *Ratnapadmaraganidhi ¯* below, where the names of the Victors are enumerated, resemble that part in the *Bhadrakalpika*.

<sup>1383</sup> Krakucchanda, Kanakamuni, Ka´¯syapa, and S´akyamuni are the first 4 Victors during the Fortunate ¯ Aeon. Because they are excluded, the number of the Victors is 996.

<sup>1384</sup> g-yon skor du ] D; g-yon bskor du P.

also reside on a lotus and a moon [disk], have the appearance of an ascetic practitioner, and have respective body colors. They are also kings of supreme pleasure.

(1) byams dang/<sup>1385</sup> (2) seng ge dang/ (3) rab gsal dang/ (4) thub pa dang/

(5) me tog dang/ (6) me tog **(D 9v7)** gnyis pa dang/ (7) spyan legs dang/

(8) ded dpon dang/ (9) lag chen dang/ (10) stobs chen dang/

[They are]1386 (1) Maitreya, (2) Sim. ha, (3) Pradyota, (4) Muni, (5) Kusuma, (6) Kusuma, the second, (7) Sunetra, (8) Sarthav ¯ aha, (9) Mah ¯ ab¯ ahu, (10) Mah ¯ abala, ¯

(11) rgyu **skar** rgyal po dang/1387 (12) rtsi sman dang/ (13) snyan pa'i tog dang/ (14) 'od chen dang/ (15) grol ba'i phung po dang/ (16) rnam par snang mdzad dang/ (17) nyi ma'i snying po dang/ (18) zla ba dang/ (19) 'od 'phro dang/ **(D 10r1)** (20) 'od bzangs dang/

(11) Naks.atraraja, (12) O ¯ s.adhi, (13) Ya´sah. ketu, (14) Mahaprabha, (15) Muktiskandha, ¯ (16) Vairocana, (17) Suryagarbha, (18) Candra, (19) Arcis ¯ .mat, (20) Suprabha,

(21) mya ngan med dang/ (22) skar rgyal dang/ (23) rab gsal dang/ (24) phreng thogs dang/ (25) yon tan 'od dang/ (26) don gzigs dang/ (27) mar me dang/ (28) mthu ldan dang/ (29) sman pa dang/ (30) des pa dang/

(21) A´soka, (22) Tis.ya, (23) Pradyota, (24) Mal¯ adh ¯ arin, (25) Gu ¯ n. aprabha, (26) Arthadar´sin, (27) Prad¯ıpa, (28) Prabhuta, (29) Vaidya, (30) S ¯ urata, ¯

(31) mdzod spu dang/(32) brtan ldan dang/(33) lha'i dpal **(D 10r2)** dang/(34) gdul dka' dang/(35) yon tan rgyal mtshan dang/(36) sgra gcan dang/(37) tshogs ldan dang/(38) tshangs pa'i dbyangs dang/(39) **tshigs brtan** dang/1388 (40) mi 'gying ba dang/

<sup>1385</sup> byams ] D; byams pa P.

<sup>1386</sup> As I mentioned in footnote 1382 in this monograph, the following passages that provide a list of the names of the 996 Victors resemble the *Bhadrakalpika*, D 94, 96v1–101v5. Jayasena composed the text based on the *Bhadrakalpika*. For the Sanskrit names of the 996 Victors, I have used (Weller 1928, pp. 1–133) and (Moriguchi 1989). Weller "used polyglots (in Manchu, Chinese, Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Mongolian) originating in the Sino–Tibetan–Mongolian tradition, but his exact sources are not accessible to us" (Skilling and Saerji 2014, p. 246). Moriguchi used a fragment of a Sanskrit manuscript of the *Sarvavajrodaya¯* (9th century) that contains the list of the names of the 1000 Victors. From these sources, I have chosen the Sanskrit names that are equivalent to the Tibetan names presented in the *Ratnapadmaraganidhi ¯* . I have also consulted (Dharma Publishing 1986a, 1986b, 1986c, 1986d) and (Skilling and Saerji 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018). Mostly, I have chosen the names from (Weller 1928). When any name is chosen from the sources other than (Weller 1928), I have indicated it in the footnotes. The list of the Sanskrit names of the Victors reconstructed here is thus patchwork, and hence is hypothetical. In this monograph, I do not conduct a comparative study of the names of the Victors incorporated in the *Ratnapadmaraganidhi ¯* and other texts.

<sup>1387</sup> rgyu skar ] P; rgyu dkar D.

<sup>1388</sup> tshigs brtan ] *em.*; tshig ldan DP; cf. tshigs brtan *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 96v4).

(31) Ur¯ n. a, (32) Dr.d. ha, (33) Sr´ ¯ıdeva, (34) Dus.pradhars.a, (35) Gun. adhvaja, (36) Rahu, ¯ (37) Gan. in, (38) Brahmaghos.a, (39) Dr.d. hasam. dhi, (40) Anunnata,

(41) 'od mdzad dang/ (42) lhun chen dang/ (43) rdo rje dang/ (44) sdom pa can dang/ (45) mi **bsnyengs** pa dang/1389 (46) rin po che dang/ **(D 10r3)** (47) pa dma'i spyan dang/ (48) stobs kyi sde dang/ (49) me tog 'od zer dang/ (50) ye shes dgyes dang/

(41) Prabham. kara, (42) Mahameru, (43) Vajra, (44) Sa ¯ m. jayin,1390 (45) Nirbhaya, (46) Ratna, (47) Padmaks ¯ .a, (48) Balasena, (49) Kusumara´smi, (50) Jñanapriya, ¯

(51) gzi chen dang/ (52) tshangs pa dang/ (53) 'od dpag med dang/ (54) klu sbyin dang/ (55) brtan gshegs dang/ (56) don yod mthong dang/ (57) brtson 'grus sbyin dang/ (58) bzang skyong dang/ (59) dga' bo dang/ **(D 10r4)** (60) 'chi med dang/

(51) Mahatejas, (52) Brahman, (53) Amit ¯ abha, (54) N ¯ agadatta, (55) D ¯ r.d. hakrama, (56) Amoghadar´sin, (57) V¯ıryadatta, (58) Bhadrapala, (59) Nanda, (60) Acyuta, ¯

(61) seng ge rgyal mtshan dang/ (62) rgyal ba dang/ (63) chos ldan dang/ (64) mchog tu dga' ba'i rgyal po dang/ (65) kha lo sgyur dang/1391 (66) dgyes gshegs dang/ (67) chu lha dang/ (68) yon tan lag dang/ (69) spos kyi glang po dang/ (70) rnam par gzigs dang/

(61) Sim. hadhvaja, (62) Jaya, (63) Dharma, (64) Pramodyaraja, (65) S ¯ arathi, (66) ¯ Priyam. gama, (67) Varun. a, (68) Gun. abahu, (69) Gandhahastin, (70) Vilocana, ¯

(71) 'brug sgra dang/ (72) legs **(D 10r5)** sems dang/ (73) yid bzangs dang/<sup>1392</sup> (74) dri med dang/ (75) zla ba dang/ (76) grags chen dang/ (77) gtsug na nor bu dang/ (78) drag shul dang/ (79) seng ge'i stabs dang/<sup>1393</sup> (80) ljon pa dang/

(71) Meghasvara, (72) Sucintita, (73) Sumanas, (74) Vimala, (75) Sa´ ´ sin, (76) Mahaya´ ¯ sas, (77) Man. icud¯ . a, (78) Ugra, (79) Sim. hagati, (80) Druma,

<sup>1389</sup> bsnyengs pa ] *em.*; snyems pa D; cf bsnyengs *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 96v4).

<sup>1390</sup> Sam. jayin for *sdom pa can*. The *Sarvavajrodaya¯* also has Sam. jayin for *sdom pa can* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 8). <sup>1391</sup> sgyur ] D; sgyur ba P.

<sup>1392</sup> bzangs ] D; bzang P; bzangs is used as a variant for bzang in many of the names of the Victors in the Sde dge edition of the *Bhadrakalpika*.

<sup>1393</sup> stabs ] D; stobs P.

(81) rnam par rgyal ba chen po dang/ (82) shes rab brtsegs pa dang/ (83) legs gnas dang/ (84) blo gros dang/ (85) yan **(D 10r6)** lag skyes dang/ (86) blo mtha' yas dang/ (87) gzugs bzang dang/ (88) mkhyen ldan dang/ (89) 'od zer dang/ (90) brtul zhugs brtan dang/

(81) Vijitavin, (82) Prajñ ¯ ak¯ u¯t.a, (83) Susthita, (84) Mati, (85) Angaja, (86) Amitabuddhi, ˙ (87) Surupa, (88) Jñ ¯ anin, (89) Ra´ ¯ smi, (90) Dr.d. havrata,

(91) bkra shis dang/ (92) bden pa'i tog dang/ (93) pa dma dang/ (94) sred med kyi bu dang/ (95) lag bzangs dang/<sup>1394</sup> (96) ye shes 'byung gnas dang/ (97) yon tan **(D 10r7)** 'od 'phro dang/ (98) tshangs sbyin dang/ (99) rin chen 'byung gnas dang/ (100) lha'i me tog dang/

(91) Mangala, (92) Satyaketu, (93) Padma, (94) N ˙ ar¯ aya ¯ n. a, (95) Sukhabahu, ¯ <sup>1395</sup> (96) Jñan¯ akara, (97) Gun ¯ . arci, (98) Brahmadatta, (99) Ratn ¯ akara, (100) Kusumadeva, ¯

(101) don legs sems pa dang/1396 (102) chos kyi dbang phyug dang/ (103) blo gros grags pa dang/ (104) spobs pa brtsegs dang/ (105) rdo rje rgyal mtshan dang/ (106) phan par bzhed pa dang/ (107) rnam par rol par **(D 10v1)** ldan pa dang/ (108) mun pa dang bral ba dang/ (109) sgra gcan lha dang/ (110) ri bo'i rgyal mtshan dang/

(101) Sucintitartha, (102) Dharme´ ¯ svara, (103) Ya´somati, (104) Pratibhanak ¯ u¯t.a, (105) Vajradhvaja, (106) Hitais.in, (107) Vikr¯ıd. itavin, (108) Vigatatamas, (109) R ¯ ahudeva, ¯ (110) Merudhvaja,

(111) tshogs **can** 'od dang/1397 (112) rin chen snying po dang/ (113) shin tu mthor gshegs dang/ (114) skar rgyal dang/ (115) ru rings dang/ (116) yon tan grags dang/ (117) 'od ldan nyi zla dang/ (118) nyi ma'i 'od dang/ (119) skar **(D 10v2)** mkhan dang/ (120) seng ge tog dang/

(111) Gan. iprabha, (112) Ratnagarbha, (113) Atyuccagamin, (114) Ti ¯ s.hya, (115) Vis.a¯n. in, (116) Gun. ak¯ırti, (117) Candrark ¯ abha, (118) S ¯ uryaprabha, (119) Jyoti ¯ s.ka, (120) Sim. haketu,

(121) dus mkhyen rgyal po dang/ (122) dpal gyi snying po dang/ (123) srid mthar gzigs pa dang/ (124) glog gi 'od dang/ (125) gser gyi ri bo dang/

<sup>1394</sup> bzangs ] D; bzang P.

<sup>1395</sup> Sukhabahu for ¯ *lag bzangs*. The *Sarvavajrodaya¯* (Moriguchi 1989, pp. 8–9) also has Sukhabahu for ¯ *lag bzangs*.

<sup>1396</sup> sems pa ] D; sems dpa' P.

<sup>1397</sup> tshogs can ] *em.*; tshogs chen DP; cf. tshogs can *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 97r2).

(126) seng ges byin pa dang/ (127) gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i rgyal mtshan dang/ (128) mchog dga' grags pa dang/ (129) brtson **(D 10v3)** 'grus brtan pa dang/ (130) grags rdzogs dang/

(121) Velamar ¯ aja, (122) ¯ Sr´ ¯ıgarbha, (123) Bhavantadar´ ¯ sin, (124) Vidyutprabha, (125) Kanakaparvata, (126) Sim. hadatta, (127) Aparajitadhvaja, (128) Pramodyak ¯ ¯ırti, (129) Dr.d. hav¯ırya, (130) Sam. pannak¯ırti,

(131) bsnyengs pa bral dang/ (132) mchod 'os lha dang/ (133) sgron ma chen po dang/ (134) 'jig rten 'od dang/ (135) spos dri zhim pa dang/ (136) yon mchog 'dzin dang/1398 (137) mun pa dang bral ba dang/ (138) seng ge'i 'gram pa dang/ (139) rin chen grags pa **(D 10v4)** dang/ (140) skyon rab tu zhi ba dang/

(131) Vigatabhaya, (132) Arhaddeva, (133) Mahaprad ¯ ¯ıpa, (134) Lokaprabha, (135) Surabhigandha, (136) Gun. agradh ¯ arin, ¯ <sup>1399</sup> (137) Vigatatamas, (138) Sim. hahanu, (139) Ratnak¯ırti, (140) Pra´santados ¯ .a,

(141) bdud rtsi 'chang dang/ (142) mi'i zla ba dang/ (143) shin tu gzigs dang/ (144) rab tu brgyan pa dang/ (145) nor bu'i 'od dang/ (146) ri bo brtsegs pa'i tog dang/ (147) don nges ldan dang/ (148) tshe sbyin dang/ (149) rin chen 'byung gnas dang/ (150) skye dbang mtshungs dang/ **(D 10v5)**

(141) Amr.tadharin, (142) Manujacandra, (143) Sudar´ ¯ sana, (144) Pratiman. d. ita, (145) Man. iprabha, (146) Giriku¯t.aketu, (147) Arthavini´scita, (148) Ayurdada, (149) ¯ Ratnakara, (150) Janendrakalpa, ¯

(151) stobs kyis gshegs pa dang/ (152) blo gnas pa dang/ (153) gdugs mdzes dang/ (154) gtso bo dang/ (155) shin tu 'phags pa dpal dang/ (156) seng ge'i sgra dang/ (157) rnam par rol ldan dang/ (158) klu'i 'od dang/ (159) me tog gi ri bo dang/ (160) klu dga' dang/

(151) Vikrantag ¯ amin, (152) Sthitabuddhi, (153) Vibhr ¯ ajacchattra, (154) Jye ¯ s.t.ha, (155) Abhyudgata´sr¯ı, (156) Sim. haghos.a, (157) Vikr¯ıd. itavin, (158) N ¯ agaprabh ¯ asa, (159) ¯ Kusumaparvata, (160) Naganandin, ¯

(161) spos kyi dbang phyug dang/ (162) shin tu grags pa **(D 10v6)** dang/ (163) stobs lha dang/ (164) yon tan phreng bar ldan pa dang/ (165) klu'i

<sup>1398</sup> mchog ] D; mchog dang P.

<sup>1399</sup> *Yon mchog 'dzin* for Gun. agradh ¯ arin. The text is perhaps a contracted (or corrupted) form of ¯ *yon tan mchog 'dzin* (cf. yon tan mchog 'dzin, *Bhadrakalpika*, D 94, 97r4).

lag pa dang/ (166) mig brgyan pa dang/ (167) legs par sbyangs pa'i blo dang/ (168) zil gyis gnon pa'i ye shes dang/ (169) mtha' yas spyan dang/ (170) bden par gsung ba dang/<sup>1400</sup>

(161) Gandhe´svara, (162) Atiya´sas, (163) Baladeva, (164) Gun. amalin, (165) ¯ Nagabhuja, (166) Pratima ¯ n. d. italocana, (167) Suc¯ırn. abuddhi, (168) Jñan¯ abhibhu, (169) ¯ Amitalocana, (170) Satyabhan¯ . in,

(171) nyi ma'i 'od dang/ (172) **nges** pa'i blo dang/1401 (173) mtha' **(D 10v7)** yas pa'i gzugs dang/ (174) rnam par snang mdzad dang/ (175) rin chen tog dang/ (176) the tshom spangs pa dang/ (177) 'jig rten las 'das pa dang/ (178) don yod rnam par gnon pa dang/ (179) rtogs mdzad dang/ (180) me tog rgyal mtshan dang/

(171) Suryaprabha, (172) Niyatabuddhi, (173) Anantar ¯ upa, (174) Vairocana, (175) ¯ Ratnaketu, (176) Vigataka¯nk˙ s.a, (177) Lokottara, (178) Amoghavikramin, (179) ¯ Vibodhana, (180) Pus.paketu,

(181) ri dbang rgyal po dang/ (182) gzi brjid che dang/ (183) don mdzad **(D 11r1)** gzigs dang/ (184) grags pa mtha' yas dang/ (185) rin chen lha dang/ (186) don gnas mkhyen dang/ (187) dman min grags pa dang/ (188) mya ngan med pa dang/ (189) dri ma bral ba dang/ (190) tshangs lha dang/

(181) Sailendrar ´ aja, (182) Mah ¯ atejas, (183) K ¯ r.tarthadar´ ¯ sin, (184) Amitaya´sas, (185) Ratnadeva, (186) Sthitarthajñ ¯ anin, (187) P ¯ ur¯ n. amati,<sup>1402</sup> (188) A´soka, (189) Vigatamala, (190) Brahmadeva,

(191) sa'i dbang phyug dang/ (192) me tog spyan dang/ (193) rnam par 'byes pa'i sku **(D 11r2)** dang/ (194) chos kyi 'od dang/ (195) kun rnam gzigs dang/ (196) yon tan 'od gsal dang/ (197) zla ba'i zhal dang/ (198) rin chen 'od dang/ (199) rin chen tog dang/ (200) grags pa'i bla ma dang/

(191) Dharan.¯ı´svara, (192) Kusumanetra, (193) Vibhaktagatra, (194) Dharmaprabh ¯ asa, ¯ (195) Nikhiladar´sin, (196) Gun. aprabhasa, (197) ¯ Sa´ ´ sivaktra, (198) Ratnaprabha, (199) Ratnaketu, (200) Ya´sottara,

<sup>1400</sup> gsung ba ] D; gsungs pa P.

<sup>1401</sup> nges pa'i ] P; des pa'i D; cf. nges pa'i *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 97r7).

<sup>1402</sup> For Pur¯ n. amati, the text is *dman min grags pa*; this is apparently not a translation of Pur¯ n. amati. Pur¯ n. amati is tentative and perhaps is not the original word used in the text. However, *dman min grags pa* is equivalent to Pur¯ n. amati (*blo yongs su rdzogs pa*) according to the *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 97v2: *bcu pa blo ni yongs su rdzogs pa dman min grags pa yin*/).

(201) 'od byed dang/ (202) gzi brjid dpag med dang/ (203) dus mkhyen dang/ (204) seng ge'i sku dang/ (205) mkhas blo **(D 11r3)** dang/ (206) rgyal bar dka' dang/ (207) yon tan phung po dang/ (208) zla ba'i tog dang/ (209) mthu thob pa dang/ (210) mthu rtsal mtha' yas pa dang/

(201) Prabhakara, (202) Amitatejas, (203) Vel ¯ ama, (204) Si ¯ m. hagatra, (205) Vidumati, ¯ (206) Durjaya, (207) Gun. askandha, (208) Sa´ ´ siketu, (209) Sthamapr ¯ apta, (210) ¯ Anantavikramin, ¯

(211) zla ba dang/ (212) dri ma med pa dang/ (213) don rnams thams cad gzigs pa dang/ (214) dpa' bo dang/ (215) 'byor par ldan pa dang/ (216) bsod nams dang/ (217) sgron **(D 11r4)** ma dang/ (218) yon tan 'phro dang/ (219) blo yangs pa dang/ (220) legs skyes dang/

(211) Candra, (212) Vimala, (213) Sarvarthadar´ ¯ sin, (214) S´ura, (215) Sam ¯ r.ddha, (216) Pun. ya, (217) Prad¯ıpa, (218) Gun. arci, ¯ <sup>1403</sup> (219) Vipulabuddhi, (220) Sujata, ¯

(221) nor lha dang/ (222) yid gnyis spong ba dang/ (223) 'dzin pa dpag med dang/ (224) mchog sred dang/ (225) choms med dang/ (226) mi gnas pa dang/ (227) bder gnas dang/ (228) tshogs can gtso bo dang/ (229) 'gro ba'i 'od zer **(D 11r5)** dang/ (230) phal chen dang/

(221) Vasudeva, (222) Vimatijaha, (223) Amitadhara, (224) Vararuci, (225) Anihata, (226) Asthita, (227) Sukhasthita, (228) Gan. imukha, (229) Jagadra´smi, (230) Prabhuta, ¯

(231) rgyal ba dang/ (232) gzi brjid mtha' yas dang/ (233) don gyi blo gros dang/ (234) sman pa'i rgyal po dang/ (235) tha ba spangs dang/ (236) rims nad med pa dang/ (237) legs sbyin dang/ (238) grags sbyin dang/ (239) me tog byin dang/ (240) skyes bus byin dang/

(231) Pus.ya, (232) Anantatejas, (233) Arthamati, (234) Vaidyaraja, (235) Prah ¯ a¯n. akhila, ¯ (236) Nirjvara, (237) Sudatta, (238) Ya´sodatta, (239) Kusumadatta, (240) Purus.adatta,

(241) rdo rje'i sde dang/ (242) phal **(D 11r6)** chen byin pa dang/ (243) zhi ba'i blo gros dang/ (244) **spos kyi** glang po dang/<sup>1404</sup> (245) sred med kyi bu dang/ (246) des pa dang/ (247) mi tshugs pa dang/ (248) nyi zla dang/ (249) glog gi tog rnams so//

<sup>1403</sup> *Yon tan 'phro* for Gun. arci. The text is perhaps a contracted form of ¯ *yon tan 'od 'phro* (*Bhadrakalpika*, D 94, 97v4).

<sup>1404</sup> spos kyi ] *em.*; spobs pa'i DP; cf. spos kyi *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 97v6).

(241) Vajrasena, (242) Mahadatta, (243) ¯ S´antimati, (244) Gandhahastin, (245) ¯ Nar¯ ayan ¯ . a, (246) Surata, (247) Anihata, (248) Candr ¯ arka, and (249) Vidyutketu. ¯

/de **yi** phyi rol zlum por sbyin/<sup>1405</sup> /ri mo gnyis ni gnag dang sngo/ /sgo dang rta babs kha khyer dang/ /dra ba **(D 11r7)** dra ba phyed pas mdzes//

/shar gyi sgo yi dbus su yang/ /mkha' 'gro ma 'dra'i (1) khwa gdong ma/ /byang du (2) 'ug pa'i gdong can ma/ /nub tu (3) khyi gdong can ma dang//

/lho ru (4) phag gi gdong can te/ /kha dog la ma sogs 'dra mchog/ ¯ /me dang bden bral rlung dang ni/ /dbang ldan **(D 11v1)** mtshams na gnas pa mo//

/(5) gshin rje **brtan ma** (6) pho nya mo/1406 /(7) mche gtsigs (8) 'joms ma rim ji bzhin/1407

/kha dog gnyis gnyis mnyam par bya/ /zhal ni rjes su mthun rim pas//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.94c–98b.

Outside that he should give a circle, [on which there are] two lines [colored] black and dark blue. Gates, arched doorways, and altars are [on the circle]. [It is] adorned with garlands of pearls and half-garlands of pearls. (1) Kak¯ asy ¯ a, [who is] like ¯ D. akin ¯ ¯ı [in color], is in the middle of the east gate. (2) Uluk¯ asy ¯ a is in the north; (3) the dog-faced ¯ one (namely, Sv´ an¯ asy ¯ a), in the west; and (4) S ¯ ukar ¯ asy ¯ a, in the south. As for the color, ¯ [these three] eminent ones are like Lam¯ a and the others. ¯ <sup>1408</sup> [Yogin¯ıs] residing at the southeast, southwest, northwest, and northeast corners are (5) Yamada¯d. h¯ı, (6) Dut¯ ¯ı (for Yamadut¯ ¯ı), (7) Dam. s.t.r¯ı (for Yamadam. s.t.rin.¯ı), and (8) Mathan¯ı (for Yamamathan¯ı) in order. Two colors should be evenly assigned [to them], in accordance with the [directions they] face, respectively.1409

/dkyil 'khor bzhi po thams cad kyi/

/shar dang byang dang nub dang ni/ /lho yi sa gzhi **(D 11v2)** rtag pa ru/1410

<sup>1405</sup> de yi ] P; de yis D.

<sup>1406</sup> brtan ma ] *em.*; mche ba DP; cf. brtan ma *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.97c). She must be Yamada¯d. h¯ı and not Yamadam. s.t.rin.¯ı.

<sup>1407</sup> 'joms ma ] D; 'joms pa P.

<sup>1408</sup> In short, these four gatekeeper d. akin ¯ ¯ıs have the same body colors as the four d. akin ¯ ¯ıs residing at the four cardinal directions on the central lotus. Kak¯ asy ¯ a is colored like ¯ D. akin ¯ ¯ı (black); Uluk¯ asy ¯ a is like ¯ Lam¯ a (green); ¯ Sv´ an¯ asy ¯ a is like Khan ¯ . d. aroha (red); and S ¯ ukar ¯ asy ¯ a is like R ¯ upin ¯ .¯ı (yellow).

<sup>1409</sup> That is to say, Yamada¯d. h¯ı is colored half black and half yellow; Yamadut¯ ¯ı is half yellow and half red; Yamadam. s.t.rin.¯ı is half red and half green; and Yamamathan¯ı is half green and half black.

<sup>1410</sup> sa gzhi ] D; sa gzha P.

/gnag dang sngo dang ljang dang dmar/ /ser po yi ni mdog tu bya// /lhan skyes dkyil 'khor de bzhin du/ /gang phyir 'khor lo rim pa **bzhi**/1411 /chos dang longs spyod rdzogs sprul pa/ /mjug tu bya'o rim ji bzhin//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.98c–100b.

There are always the east, north, west, and south divisions in all four man. d. alas (layers). He should make [the four divisions] blackish-dark blue, green, red, and yellow in color, [respectively]. The Innate man. d. ala (the Innate Layer) is thus [described]. As [the whole man. d. ala is] a fourfold circle (viz., comprises four layers), he should subsequently make the Dharma, Enjoyment, and Emanation [Layers] in order.

/'khor lo gnyis po ri mo gsum/ /**(D 11v3)** gsum pa la ni ri mo bzhi/ /bzhi par ri mo lnga'i bdag nyid/ /dur khrod kun nas rim pas te// /phyi rol la sogs sa gzhi ni/ /zlum po'i dbyibs su bya bar 'dod/ /'khor lo rim pa lnga'i bdag nyid/ /grwa bzhi pa la kun du 'bar//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.100c–102b.

The second [layer's outermost] circle (the Earth Circle) [has] three lines. The third [layer's outermost circle, viz., the Knowledge Circle, has] four lines. The fourth [layer's outermost circle, i.e., the Body Circle] has five lines. Charnel grounds are on all [outermost circles] in order. He should make [the first, second, and third outermost circles] round in shape. [They are] understood to have grounds such as the outer [ground]. The circle with five lines (the Body Circle) is square [in shape] and is resplendent.

/**'dod pa'i yon tan** snam bu **(D 11v4)** la/<sup>1412</sup>

/brgyad gnyis lha mo mchod byed pa/<sup>1413</sup> /dkyil 'khor bzhi po rnams la'o//

On the cloth (*snam bu*, viz., outer part) of the Merit [Circle, which is] the Desire [Realm], there are sixteen offering goddesses. [The are present] on all four man. d. alas (layers).1414

<sup>1411</sup> bzhi ] *em.*; bzhin DP; cf. bzhi *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.99d).

<sup>1412</sup> 'dod pa'i yon tan ] P; 'dod pa yi yon D.

<sup>1413</sup> lha mo ] D; lha mos P.

<sup>1414</sup> This passage, which mentions the sixteen offering goddesses, is not included in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* 15. I am not certain at which part of each layer they are located exactly. For the sixteen offering goddesses, see footnote 1248 in this monograph.

/de la lhan skyes 'khor lo yi/ /dur khrod gnas rnams bshad bya ste/ /(1) gtum drag (2) tshang tshing de bzhin du/ /(3) 'bar bas 'khrigs pa (4) keng rus can//

/'jigs sde shar la sogs pa yi/ /**(D 11v5)** phyogs su g-yon skor yongs su gnas/1415

/(5) **at. t .at. t .a** rgod dbang ldan du/1416 /(6) dpal gyi nags ni sreg zar te// /(7) mun pa drag po bden bral du/ /rlung du (8) ki li ki li sgrogs/

/dur khrod drag po'i gzugs rnams ni/ /ro langs 'byung po ce spyang sgra//

/rim pa 'di yis **(D 11v6)** gnas pa ste/ /dur khrod brgyad po rnams su yang/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.102c–105.

The charnel grounds on the Innate Layer are explained here—(1) Can. d. ogra, (2) Gahvara, (3) Jval¯ akula, and (4) Kara ¯ nka, the horrible, are located in the [four cardinal] ˙ directions, starting with the east [and going] anticlockwise. (5) At.t.at.t.ahasa is in the ¯ northeast; (6) Laks.m¯ıvana is in the southeast; (7) Ghorandhak ¯ ara is in the southwest; ¯ and (8) Kilikilarava is in the northwest. The charnel grounds are terrifying in ¯ appearance with howlings of vetalas, bh ¯ utas, and jackals. The eight charnel grounds ¯ should be placed in this order.

/shing dang phyogs skyong klu dbang ste/

/(1) **shir shing** (2) khyab gnas (3) kang ke li/<sup>1417</sup>

/(4) **tsu ta'i ¯** shing dang (5) nya gro dha//1418

/de bzhin (6) ka ra nydza ka nyid/

/(7) **la ta pa rka ¯** (8) **par thi ba ¯** /<sup>1419</sup>

/(1) dbang po (2) nor sbyin de bzhin du/

/(3) klu dbang dang ni (4) gshin rje'i bdag//1420**(D 11v7)**

/(5) dbang ldan de nas (6) sreg za dang/

/(7) srin po'i dbang po (8) rlung bdag po/

/(1) nor rgyas (2) 'jog po de bzhin du/

/(3) stobs kyi rgyu dang (4) pa dma nyid//

/(5) pad chen (6) hu lu hu lu dang/

<sup>1415</sup> skor ] D; bskor P.

<sup>1416</sup> at. t.at. t.a ] *em.*;ad. a d. a D; at. t.at. t.a t.a P.

<sup>1417</sup> shir shing ] P; shing s.a D ♦ khyab gnas (uncertain) ] D; khyab nas P; cf. khyab nas (for a´svattha) *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.106c).

<sup>1418</sup> tsu ta'i ] D; tsu ti'i P. ¯

<sup>1419</sup> la ta pa rka ] ¯ *em.*; la ta pa rs.a D; la ta ba rs.a P ♦ par thi ba ] ¯ *em.*; par tha pi D; p ¯ ar tha pi P. ¯ <sup>1420</sup> dang ] D; om P.

/(7) rigs ldan dang ni (8) dung skyong dang/ /(1) sgrogs pa dang ni (2) 'ur sgrogs dang/ /(3) drag po (4) 'khyil pa (5) mthug de bzhin// /(6) gang **(D 12r1)** ba (7) char 'bebs (8) gtum po ste/ /'di rnams sprin gyi bdag po'o/1421

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.106–109.

In addition, there are trees, the guardians of direction, serpent kings, and cloud kings in order—[The trees are] (1) Sir ´ ¯ıs.a, (2) A´svattha, (3) Kankeli, (4) C ˙ uta, (5) Va ¯ t.a, (6) Karañja, (7) Lataparka ¯ t.i, and (8) Parthiva. [The guardians of direction are] (1) Indra, ¯ (2) the wealth-giver (= Kubera), (3) the Lord of Nagas (= Varu ¯ n. a), (4) Yama the Lord, (5) ¯ I´sana, (6) the fire (= Agni), (7) R ¯ ak¯ s.asa the king, and (8) the Lord of wind (= Vayu). ¯ [Serpent kings are] (1) Vasuki, (2) Taks ¯ .aka, (3) Karkot.a, (4) Padma, (5) Mahapadma, ¯ (6) Huluhulu, (7) Kulika, and (8) Sa´ nkhap ˙ ala. (1) Garjita, (2) Gh ¯ ur¯ n. ita, (3) Ghora, (4) Avarta, (5) Ghana, (6) P ¯ uran ¯ . a, (7) Vars.an. a, and (8) Can. d. a—these are cloud kings.

/'dir ni dur khrod thams cad la/ /rdo rje phreng ba rnam par sbyin//1422 /thams cad kyang 'dir de bzhin bya/ /phyi dang nang du 'dod pa yin/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.110.

To all these charnel grounds he should give a wreath of vajras. All is also to be done here in the same way.1423 [All is] taught to be both external and internal.

zhes bya ba ni gsum pa yon tan gyi 'khor **(D 12r2)** lo'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.111–112.

The Merit Circle, the third, is thus [taught].

*9.3.5. The Dharma Layer (1): Space Circle*

/de nas de'i phyi nam mkha' yi/1424 /'khor lo 'dam skyes sngon po mtshungs/

/sum cu drug rtsibs dbus su yang/ /mkha' spyod rnal 'byor ma 'di rnams//

<sup>1421</sup> sprin ] D; spyin P.

<sup>1422</sup> sbyin ] D; byin P.

<sup>1423</sup> I have translated the Tibetan text literally. The Sanskrit text in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.110abc) is *sarvam atra ´sma´sane ¯ s.u vajraval ¯ ¯ım. vidapayet / sarva ¯ m. catraiva kartavy ¯ a¯*s, which means "All is here in the charnel grounds; he should give a wreath of vajras [to them]. All is also to be done in this same [charnel ground]."

<sup>1424</sup> nam mkha' yi ] D; nam mkha' yis P.

Now, the Space Circle outside that [Merit Circle] is like a dark blue lotus [in color]. Sky-going yogin¯ıs are in the middles of the thirty-six spokes [of the circle] as follows.

/(1) mi 'am ci mo (2) dri za mo/ /(3) hu t.u ka ma (4) p ¯ a d¯ . a ba ma de bzhin du/1425 /(5) pi wang (6) gling bu (7) mu kund ma **(D 12r3)** dang/<sup>1426</sup> /(8) rdza rnga ma dang nges par (9) ga gga ri ma dang// /(10) cha lang ma dang (11) sh¯ı le ndri ki ma/<sup>1427</sup> /(12) glu ma (13) ka ra d. i dang (14) ta ma d. a mchog dang/ ¯ <sup>1428</sup> /(15) gar ma (16) sgeg mo (17) d. ha kka ma dang ni/ /(18) ta li sha ra n ¯ . a mo (19) rnga chen mo// /(20) mau dri ma dang (21) rgyud can ma dang (22) ma tu ma/ ¯ /(23) na la b ¯ a mo de bzhin (24) d ¯ . ha mba ki/ /(25) d. a ma ru ma dang **(D 12r4)** (26) d. un. t.u ka ma dang de bzhin du/1429 /(27) zangs dung ma dang (28) rwa dung ma de bzhin// /(29) bhu ki ma dang (30) dril bu ma dang (31) dril chung ma/ /(32) g-yer ka ma dang de bzhin (33) d. a ko li ma dang/ /(34) dung ma dang ni (35) dbyangs ldan ma de bzhin/

/(36) 'khor ma mchog gi dbang phyug ma//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.114–117.

[They are] (1) Kinnar¯ı, (2) Gandhaharin.¯ı, (3) Hut.uk¯ı (perhaps for Hud. ukk¯ı, a kind of drum), and (4) Pa¯t.av¯ı ("skill," some musical instrumental of that name, or a corruption of Pat.ah¯ı, a kind of drum), (5) V¯ın.¯ı (Indian lute), (6) Vam. s´¯ı (flute), (7) Mukund¯ı (a kind of drum), (8) Murj¯ı (for Muraja, a kind of drum), (9) Gaggar ¯ ¯ık¯ı (for Gargarik¯ı, "water pot" used as a drum), (10) Ka¯m. s¯ı (some musical instrument made of "bell metal"), (11) S´¯ılendrik¯ı or Sailendrik ´ ¯ı (some musical concept),<sup>1430</sup> (12) G¯ıt¯ı ("song"), (13) Karat.¯ı (a kind of drum), (14) Tamad.¯ı (some musical concept), the excellent, (15) Nr.tya ("dancing"), (16) L ¯ asy ¯ a (dance representing love emotions), (17) ¯ D. hakk¯ı (a kind of drum), (18) Tali´ ¯ saran.¯ı (from *tal¯ ¯ı* [cymbal] and *saran. a¯* [producing a sound]), (19) Dundubhik¯ı (some musical instrument producing a sound like "dundubha"), (20) Maudr¯ı (for Maudry¯ı, "hand gesture"), (21) Tan¯ ¯ı (melody passage),

<sup>1425</sup> hu t.u ka ma ] D; h ¯ um¯ . ru ka ma P. ¯ <sup>1426</sup> mu kund ma ] D; mu kun da ma P.

<sup>1427</sup> sh¯ı le ndri ki ma ] D; sh¯ı lan dri ki ma P.

<sup>1428</sup> ka ra d. i ] D; ka ra t.a P ♦ ta ma d. a ] D; ta ma t ¯ .a P.

<sup>1429</sup> d. un. t.u ka ma ] D; t.u n. a ru ka ma P.

<sup>1430</sup> *sh¯ı le ndri ki ma*. However, in her mantra, she is named "Sailendrik ´ ¯ı" (D 27r4).

(22) Matun ¯ ¯ı (some musical concept), (23) Nalav ¯ ¯ı (for Nalava ¯ m. s´¯ı, "reed"), and (24) D. hambak¯ı (perhaps for Tumbak¯ı ["of nasal sound"], some musical concept), (25) D. amar¯ı (a kind of drum), (26) D. un. d. uk¯ı or T. un. t.uk¯ı (some musical instrument producing a sound like "d. un. d. u" or "t.un. t.u"),<sup>1431</sup> (27) Kahal ¯ ¯ı (a kind of drum), also (28) Orak¯ı (a kind of trumpet),1432 (29) Bhuk¯ ¯ı (perhaps for Bhukk¯ı, some musical instrument producing a sound like "dog's bark"), (30) Ghan. t.¯ı (bell), (31) Kinki ˙ n.¯ı (small bell), (32) Ghugghur¯ı (for Ghurghur¯ı, "jingle bell"), also (33) D. akolik¯ı (some musical concept), (34) Sa´ nkh ˙ ¯ı ("conch shell"), and (35) Ghos.avat¯ı ("sounding"), and (36) Pars.ad¯ı ("audience").<sup>1433</sup> [They are] eminent mistresses.

/kha dog sna tshogs bkra ba'am/ /**(D 12r5)** yang na 'khor lo'i kha dog go/ /nye ba'i zhing na gnas pa mo/ /ku sha'i gling na gnas ma mchog// /mkha' la spyod pa'i rigs su byon/ /gling 'di la ni yang dag gnas/ /sa ni 'od 'phro can de dang/ /rang rang gnas sogs zhing can ma'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.118–119.

The colors [of these yogin¯ıs] are various and wonderful. Alternatively, [they have] the circle's color (dark blue). [They] dwell in the *upaks.etra* ("near to the field") [holy sites], are [inhabitants of] the Ku´sa Continent (\**ku´sadv¯ıpa*), and are excellent. Residing in this continent, they belong to the class of sky-going females. It is the Radiance Level. [All twelve levels are] connected with their respective [classes of holy] sites such as the *p¯ıt.ha*.

/yang na d. a ma ru kha t.wa¯m. ga/ /'di ni **(D 12r6)** slar yang spangs nas su/

/rang rang mtshan ma so so'i tshul/ /ji ltar 'dod par bya ba'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.120.

Again, in this regard, in some cases,<sup>1434</sup> instead of a small drum and a skull staff, he can make [the yogin¯ıs have in their hands] their respective marks and [show their respective musical] gestures if he wishes.

<sup>1431</sup> *d. un. t.u ka ma*. In her mantra, she is named T. un. t.uk¯ı. In the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava*, she is D. un. d. uk¯ı (whose Tibetan translation is *d. un tu ki ¯* ) (15.116c).

<sup>1432</sup> My translation of Orak¯ı is based on its Tibetan translation, *rwa dung*.

<sup>1433</sup> According to their mantras, the names of their male consorts are (1) Kinnara, (2) Gandhahara, (3) Hut.uka, (4) Pa¯t.ava, (5) V¯ın. aka, (6) Vam. sa, (7) Mukunda, (8) Murja, (9) Gaggar ´ ¯ıka, (10) Ka¯m. sa, (11) Sailendrika, (12) G ´ ¯ıta, (13) Karat.a, (14) Tamad. a, (15) Nr.tya, (16) Lasya, (17) ¯ D. hakka, (18) Tali´ ¯ saran. a, (19) Dundubhika, (20) Maudra, (21) Tana, (22) M ¯ atu, (23) N ¯ alava, (24) ¯ D. hambaka, (25) D. amara, (26) T. un. t.uka, (27) Kahala, (28) Oraka, (29) Bhuka, (30) Gha ¯ n. t.a, (31) Kinki ˙ n. a, (32) Ghurghura, (33) D. akolika, (34) Sa´ nkha, (35) Ghos ˙ .avat, and (36) Pars.ada.

<sup>1434</sup> The term *yang na* is *kadacit ¯* (at some time, in some cases) in the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.120a).

/'khor lo kun gyi cod pan la/ /rang gi bdag pos bya ba yin/ /'dir ni shes rab thabs bdag nyid/ /rigs ldan bdag nyid rigs can ma'o// /ji ltar rgyan la sogs mang po/ /**(D 12r7)** lhag ma sngon bzhin bya ba yin/ /dkyil 'khor kun du spyan gsum dang/ /phyogs kyi gos 'chang **rjes** 'gro ma'o//1435

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.121–122.

He should attach [images of] their respective lords to [their] diadems on all circles, [because,] in this [system, they are] of the nature of wisdom and means [based on their] class of birth being noble by nature.1436 He should arrange many [of their physical features] such as ornaments in the same way as before. [Yogin¯ıs] on all circles have three eyes and are naked.

zhes bya ba ni nam mkha'i 'khor lo ste 'khor lo gnyis pa'i dang po'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.123.

The Space Circle, the first of the second layer, is thus [taught].

*9.3.6. The Dharma Layer (2): Wind Circle*

/de yi phyi rol rlung 'khor lo/1437 /sngon po sna tshogs pa yi mdog/ /rdo rje'i **(D 12v1)** rtsibs dbus sbyin bya ba/ /rnal 'byor ma rnams rim ji bzhin//

/nam mkha'i snying po las gzhan ming/ /blo dang ldan pas shes par bya/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.124–125b.

Outside that is the Wind Circle, colored in variegated dark blue. Yogin¯ıs should be placed in the middles of the adamantine spokes in order. The wise should also know the other name [of their consort heroes], "Ak¯ a´¯sagarbha".1438

/(1) mkha' lding (2) ngang mo (3) bkra ba mo/<sup>1439</sup>


<sup>1435</sup> rjes 'gro ma ] *em.*; rje 'gro ma DP; cf. rjes 'gro ma *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.122d).

<sup>1436</sup> The text is /*'dir ni shes rab thabs bdag nyid/ /rigs ldan bdag nyid rigs can ma'o//* for "[because,] in this ..." In the parallel Sanskrit in the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.121cd), it is *prajñopay¯ atmik ¯ a hy atra kul ¯ ¯ınatmakul ¯ ¯ınatah.* . <sup>1437</sup> de yi ] D; de'i P.

<sup>1438</sup> Literally, the text *nam mkha'i snying po las gzhan ming* means "the name other than Ak¯ a´¯sagarbha" or "the other name [derived] from Ak¯ a´¯sagarbha". It is *ak¯ a´¯sagarbham aparam. nama ¯* ("the other name, Ak¯ a´¯sagarbha") in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.125ab), whose Tibetan is *nam mkha'i snying po las gzhan med* ("no other than Ak¯ a´¯sagarbha").

<sup>1439</sup> ngang mo ] D; dang mo P.

/(9) gu da bu li (10) 'jam pa mo// /(11) phug **(D 12v2)** ron (12) bya rog chen mo dang/1440 /(13) ga **d. <sup>i</sup>** n¯ı dang (14) **gong mo sreg**//1441 /(15) ne tso (16) sngags ma (17) bzhad ma dang/ /(18) bya rgod (19) 'ug pa (20) mchil pa mo/ /(21) shing byi'u mo dang (22) ngur pa mo/ /(23) br. ks.a ri n ¯ .¯ı (24) ka kka b¯ı//1442 /(25) so bya mo dang (26) byi la mo/ /(27) lcug ma'i mgrin dang (28) sa ri mo/ ¯ /(29) khra mo (30) gur **gum** lce can ma/<sup>1443</sup> /(31) ba d¯ . i r¯ı (32) ka dzam ¯ . gha **(D 12v3)** mo//1444 /(33) hor mo (34) **kang** ka mo de bzhin/1445

/(35) dad da r¯ı mo (36) ri dags dgra/<sup>1446</sup>

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.125c–129b.

[The yogin¯ıs are] (1) Garud.¯ı (female Garud. a), (2) Ham. s¯ı ("swan"), (3) Citr¯ı (some "multicolored" bird), (4) Kak¯ ¯ı ("crow"), (5) Bak¯ı ("crane"), (6) Tittir¯ı ("partridge"), (7) Mayur¯ ¯ı ("peacock"), (8) Tamrac ¯ u¯d.¯ı ("cock"), (9) Gudabulika (perhaps for ¯ gudaculik ¯ a, some bird with "intestine-like crest"), (10) Komal ¯ ¯ı (some "charming" bird), (11) Par¯ avat ¯ ¯ı ("dove"), (12) Br.hatkak¯ ¯ı ("raven"), (13) Gad. in¯ı ("goldfish-carrier," some bird), (14) Kapiñjal¯ı ("pheasant"), (15) Suk¯ı (for Suk ´ ¯ı, "parrot"), (16) Mantr¯ı ("fowl"), (17) Saras ¯ ¯ı ("swan"), (18) Gr.dhr¯ı ("vulture"), (19) Uluk¯ ¯ı ("owl"), (20) Cat.ak¯ı ("sparrow"), (21) Ka¯s.t.hacat.ak¯ı ("wood sparrow"), (22) Cakravak¯ ¯ı ("chakra bird"), (23) Vr.ks.ara ¯ n.¯ı ("tree-refuge," some bird), (24) Kakkav¯ı (for Karkav¯ı, some bird), (25) Jalakak¯ ¯ı ("water crow"), (26) Bila¯d.¯ı (for Bid. al¯ ¯ı, "cat," perhaps regarded as a flying creature), (27) Nalagr ¯ ¯ıva (some bird whose "neck is reed-like"), (28) S ¯ arik ¯ ¯ı ("myna"), (29) Sena (for ¯ Syen ´ a, "hawk"), (30) Ku ¯ nkumalol ˙ a (some bird whose ¯ "tongue [is colored] saffron"), (31) Va¯t.ir¯ı (some bird), (32) Kakaja ¯ nghak ˙ ¯ı (some bird with "crow-like shank"), (33) Sam¯ ¯ı (for Sy´ am¯ a, "cuckoo"), (34) Lehas ¯ r.s.t.a ("heron"), ¯ (35) Daddar¯ı (for Dardar¯ı, "partridge"), and (36) Mr.gari ¯ n.¯ı (some big bird-hunting animals).1447

<sup>1440</sup> bya rog chen mo ] D; bya rog chen po P.

<sup>1441</sup> ga d. i n¯ı ] *corr.*; ga d.¯ı n¯ı D; ga di ni P ♦ gong mo sreg ] *em.*; gong ma sreg DP; cf. gong mo sreg *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.126d).

<sup>1442</sup> br. ks.a ri n ¯ .¯ı ] D; br. ks.a ri n.¯ı P ♦ ka kka b¯ı ] D; ka kka bi P.

<sup>1443</sup> gur gum ] P; gur kum D.

<sup>1444</sup> ba d¯ . i r¯ı ] D; ba d¯ . i ri P ♦ ka dzam ¯ . gha mo (*m.c.* for ka ka dzam ¯ . gha mo) ] D; ka dza gha mo P. ¯ <sup>1445</sup> kang ka mo ] *corr.*; kam. ka mo D; ka ka mo P.

<sup>1446</sup> dad da r¯ı mo ] D; dad da ri mo P. ¯

<sup>1447</sup> According to their mantras, the names of the male consorts of the yogin¯ıs are (1) Garud. a, (2) Ham. sa, (3) Citra, (4) Kaka, (5) Baka, (6) Tittira, (7) May ¯ ura, (8) T ¯ amrac ¯ u¯d. a, (9) Gudabulika, (10) Komala, (11)

/de ltar rnal 'byor ma'i 'khor lo/ /'khor lo'i sa gzhi gang 'dra'i mdog// /yang na rang rang la shes bya/ /phyag sogs de bzhin sngon dang mtshungs/

/thams cad shes rab thabs bdag nyid/ /'dun pa la **(D 12v4)** ni gnas ma mchog//

/**spyod** dka'i sar ni shes bya ste/1448 /mi'am ci yi gling mar 'dod/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.129c–131b.

The yogin¯ıs' circle is thus [described]. The color [of their bodies] is the same as [the color of] the circle of [their residential] place (variegated dark blue).1449 Alternatively, [they] each individually should be understood [to have a different body color]. And [their physical features] such as hands are as before. All [couples of yogin¯ıs and heroes] are of the nature of wisdom and means. [Every yogin¯ı] dwells in the *chandoha* ("milking together") [holy sites], is excellent, should be known to be [of] the Hard-to-Conquer Level, and are approved to live in the Kinnara Continent (\**kim. naradv¯ıpa*).

/'khor lo 'di ni sgong skyes dang/ /yon tan gsum gyi dbye ba can// /gsum gyi bdag nyid gsum pa yi/1450 /'khor lo drod gsher skyes gzugs can/ /bzhi pa mngal skyes zhes bya ba/ /**(D 12v5)** 'khor lo gsum gyi bdag nyid 'dod//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.131c–132.

This layer (the second layer) [consists of] the egg-born. [It is] triple, divided by quality. The third layer, [which] comprises three [circles], is formed by the moisture-born. The fourth layer, called "womb-born," is understood to comprise three [circles].

ces bya ba ni rlung gi 'khor lo ste/ 'khor lo gnyis pa'i gnyis pa'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.133.

The Wind Circle, the second of the second layer, is thus [taught].

Par¯ avata, (12) B ¯ r.hatkaka, (13) Ga ¯ d. in, (14) Kapiñjala, (15) Suka, (16) Mantra, (17) S ´ arasa, (18) G ¯ r.dhra,

<sup>(19)</sup> Uluka, (20) Ca ¯ t.aka, (21) Ka¯s.t.hacat.aka, (22) Cakravaka, (23) V ¯ r.ks.ara ¯ n. a, (24) Kakkava, (25) Jalakaka, ¯ (26) Bila¯d. a, (27) Nalagr ¯ ¯ıva, (28) Sarika, (29) Sena, (30) Ku ¯ nkumalola, (31) V ˙ a¯t.ira, (32) Kakaja ¯ nghaka, ˙

<sup>(33)</sup> Sama, (34) Lehasr.s.t.a, (35) Daddara, and (36) Mr.garin. ¯ <sup>1448</sup> spyod dka'i sar ] *em.*; sbyang dka'i sar D; spyad dka'i sar P; cf. spyod dka'i sar *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.131a).

<sup>1449</sup> The text *'khor lo'i sa gzhi* (literally, "place of circle") is *bhucakra ¯* ("circle of place") in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.129d), whose Tibetan is also *'khor lo'i sa gzhi*. <sup>1450</sup> gsum pa yi ] D; gsum sa yi P.

#### *9.3.7. The Dharma Layer (3): Earth Circle*

/de nas phyi rol gyi bshad bya/ /'khor lo sa yi ming can mchog/ /kha dog ser po'i rang bzhin la/ /sum cu drug rtsibs rnams kyis spras// /rnal **(D 12v6)** 'byor ma ni sum cu drug/ /sa spyod ma rnams rim ji bzhin/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.134–135b.

Now, outside [that] I shall explain an excellent circle, named "earth," [which is] yellow in color according to its own nature and provided with thirty-six spokes. Thirty-six yogin¯ıs, [who] go on the ground, are [on the spokes] in order.

/(1) seng ge (2) stag mo (3) bhi mbhi ri (4) bong ma/1451

/(5) glang chen (6) ri dags (7) byi la mo//

/(8) ba dang (9) ma he mo (10) **rta mo**/1452

/(11) ce spyang mo dang (12) bse mo (13) 'bri/

/(14) byi la (15) bong mo (16) bhi d.¯ı ma/<sup>1453</sup>

/(17) ra mo (18) lug mo rim pa bzhin//

/(19) khyi mo (20) phag mo (21) dom mo dang/

/(22) d. a n. d. a r¯ı (23) mau dznya¯ **(D 12v7)** ma de bzhin/<sup>1454</sup>

/(24) dred mo dang ni (25) sgeg mo dang/1455

/(26) nags ma dang ni (27) khyim chen mo//

/(28) bya rog chen mo (29) **kha sgo ma**/<sup>1456</sup>

/(30) sbrul mo (31) bkra mo (32) rnga mo dang/

/(33) sre mo (34) rtsangs mo (35) phug pa mo/

/(36) grong na gnas pa ma mchog go//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.135c–138.

[The yogin¯ıs are] (1) Sim. gh¯ı ("lion"), (2) Vyaghr ¯ ¯ı ("tiger"), (3) Bhimbh¯ı (perhaps for Bhambha[rav ¯ a], "cow"), (4) ¯ Sa´ ´ s¯ı ("hare"), (5) Gaj¯ı ("elephant"), (6) Mr.g¯ı ("deer"), (7) Marj ¯ arik ¯ ¯ı ("cat"), (8) Gav¯ ¯ı ("cow"), (9) Mahis.¯ı ("buffalo"), (10) Turag¯ı ("horse"), (11) Jambuk¯ı ("jackal"), (12) Gan. d.¯ı ("rhinoceros"), (13) Camar¯ı ("yak"), (14) Mu¯ s.¯ı ("rat"), (15) Gardabh¯ı ("donkey"), (16) Bhed.¯ı ("ram"), (17) Ajak¯ı ("goat"), (18) Ed. ak¯ı ("sheep"), in order, (19) Sv´ an¯ ¯ı ("dog"), (20) Sukar ¯ ¯ı ("boar"), (21) Bhall¯ı ("bear"), (22) Dan. d. ar¯ ¯ı ("elephant"), and (23) Maujñak¯ ¯ı (for Mauñjak¯ı, some animal living on the

<sup>1451</sup> bhi mbhi ri ] D; bha mbhi ri P.

<sup>1452</sup> ma he mo ] D; ba he mo P ♦ rta mo ] *em.*; rnga mo DP; cf. rta mo *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.136a). In her mantra taught below (28r6), she is called turag¯ı.

<sup>1453</sup> bhi d.¯ı ma ] D; bhi t.i ma P.

<sup>1454</sup> d. a n. d. a r¯ı ] D; d. a n. d. a ri P ♦ mau dznya ma ] D; mau dznya ma P. ¯ <sup>1455</sup> dred mo ] D; fri mo P.

<sup>1456</sup> kha sgo ma ] *em.*; khra sgo ma (or kha sgo ma) D; khwa sgo ma P; cf. kha sgo ma *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.138a).

*muñja* grass), (24) Vesar¯ı ("mule"), (25) Vilas¯ ¯ı (for Vilasin ¯ ¯ı, "serpent"), (26) Aran. y¯ı (some forest animal), (27) Br.ha´svanik ¯ ¯ı (for Br.hacchvanik ¯ a, "big dog"), (28) Dro ¯ n. akak¯ ¯ı ("raven"), (29) S´ard ¯ ul ¯ ¯ı ("panther"), (30) Vya¯d.¯ı ("snake"), (31) Citrin.¯ı (some animal of variegated colors), (32) Kut.ik¯ı ("crooked," "camel"), (33) Nakul¯ı ("mongoose"), (34) Kr.ka ("lizard"), (35) Guh ¯ ¯ı ("horse"), and (36) Gramaniv ¯ asin ¯ ¯ı ("village dweller," some village cattle), the excellent.1457

/de ltar 'khor lo'i mdog bzhin nam/ /yang na rang rang kha dog go/**(D 13r1)**

/lha mo shes rab thabs bdag nyid/ /nye ba'i 'dun sar gnas pa mo//

/mngon du gyur pa'i sa nyid dang/ /de ni shes rab pha rol phyin/

/krung krung gling du gnas pa mo/ /mtshon cha la sogs sngon bzhin no//

/lus ni bud med rnam pa'i gzugs/ /gdong pa **(D 13r2)** rang gi dngos por 'dod/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.139–141b.

The color [of their bodies] is the same as [the color] of the circle (yellow).1458 Alternatively, again, [they] each [have] their respective colors. [Every] goddess is of the nature of wisdom and means and dwells in the *upacchandoha* ("near to the milking together") [holy site]. She is [of] the Immediacy Level and is the Wisdom Perfection. [She] lives in the Krauñca Continent (*krauñcadv¯ıpa*). [Their physical features] such as weapons are as before. [Every yogin¯ı's] physical body assumes the form of a woman. [However, each yogin¯ı's] face is taught to be in accordance with her own nature (animal face).

/de'i phyir bskal bzang sangs rgyas rnams/<sup>1459</sup> /sngar gyi rim pas bsam par bya//

Outside that, he should visualize the Buddhas during the Fortunate Aeon in the order [mentioned] previously.

<sup>1457</sup> The names of the male consorts of these yogin¯ıs are (1) Sim. gha, (2) Vyaghra, (3) Bhimbha, (4) ¯ Sa´ ´ sa, (5) Gaja, (6) Mr.ga, (7) Marj ¯ arika, (8) G ¯ ava, (9) Mahi ¯ s.a, (10) Turaga, (11) Jambuka, (12) Gan. d. a, (13) Camara, (14) Mu¯ s.a, (15) Gardabha, (16) Bhed. a, (17) Ajaka, (18) Ed. aka, (19) Sv´ ana, (20) S ¯ ukara, (21) Bhalla, (22) ¯ Dan. d. ara, (23) Maujñ ¯ aka, (24) Vesara, (25) Vil ¯ asa, (26) Ara ¯ n. a, (27) Br.ha´svana, (28) Dro ¯ n. akaka, (29) ¯ S´ard ¯ ula, (30) Vy ¯ ad¯ . a, (31) Citrin, (32) Kut.ika, (33) Nakula, (34) Kr.ka, (35) Guha, and (36) Gramav ¯ asin, ¯ according to their mantras.

<sup>1458</sup> *de ltar 'khor lo'i mdog bzhin* (literally, "In this way, like the circle's color"). It is *evam. varn. am. yatha cakre ¯* in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.139a).

<sup>1459</sup> phyir ] D; phyi P.

(250) mchod pa dang/ (251) dpal sbas dang/ (252) ye shes nyi ma dang/ (253) don grub dang/ (254) lhun po brtsegs pa dang/ (255) dgra 'dul dang/ (256) pa dma dang/ (257) dgra bcom grags pa dang/ (258) ye **(D 13r3)** shes 'gros dang/ (259) nyon mongs bral dang/

(250) Mahita, (251) Sr´ ¯ıgupta, (252) Jñanas ¯ urya, (253) Siddh ¯ artha, (254) Meruk ¯ u¯t.a, (255) Aridama, (256) Padma, (257) Arhatk¯ırti, (258) Jñanakrama, (259) Apagatakle´ ¯ sa,

(260) 'dam bu dang/ (261) spos bzangs dang/ (262) yul 'khor rangs dang/ (263) lha grags dang/ (264) srid mtha' gzigs dang/ (265) zla ba dang/ (266) sgra gcan dang/ (267) rin chen zla ba dang/ (268) seng ge'i rgyal mtshan dang/ (269) bsam gtan dgyes dang/

(260) Nala, (261) Sugandha, (262) Anupamara¯s.t.ra,1460 (263) Marudya´sas, (264) Bhavantadar´ ¯ sin, (265) Candra, (266) Rahu, (267) Ratnacandra, (268) Si ¯ m. hadhvaja, (269) Dhyanarata, ¯

(270) rdzogs **(D 13r4)** ldan dang/ (271) rnam par **rol pa** dang/1461 (272) yon tan rin chen dang/ (273) dgra bcom grags pa dang/ (274) pa dma'i ngos dang/ (275) mdzod spu ldan dang/ (276) spobs pa grags pa dang/ (277) rdo rje nor bu dang/ (278) tshe dpag med dang/ (279) nor bu bkod pa dang/

(270) Anupama,<sup>1462</sup> (271) Vikr¯ıd. ita, (272) Gun. aratna, (273) Arhadya´sas, (274) Padmapar´ ¯ sva, (275) Ur¯ n. avat, (276) Pratibh ¯ anak ¯ ¯ırti, (277) Man. ivajra, (278) Amitayus, ¯ (279) Man. ivyuha, ¯

(280) dbang chen dang/ (281) yon tan 'byung gnas **(D 13r5)** dang/ (282) lhun po grags dang/ (283) 'od zer bcu pa dang/ (284) ma smad pa dang/ (285) glang po'i 'gros dang/ (286) yid du 'thad pa dang/ (287) rin chen zla ba dang/ (288) zhi ba dang/ (289) rab gsal rgyal po dang/

(280) Mahendra, (281) Gun. akara, (282) Meruya´ ¯ sas, (283) Da´sara´smi, (284) Anindita, (285) Nagakrama, (286) Manoratha, (287) Ratnacandra, (288) ¯ S´anta, (289) ¯ Pradyotaraja, ¯

(290) kha lo sgyur dang/ (291) dga' ba'i dbang phyug dang/ (292) gtsug na rin po che dang/ (293) bsnyengs bral **(D 13r6)** dang/ (294) rin chen snying

<sup>1460</sup> Anupamara¯s.t.ra for *yul 'khor rangs*. The *Sarvavajrodaya¯* also has Anupamara¯s.t.ra for *yul 'khor rangs* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 14).

<sup>1461</sup> rol pa ] *em.*; grol ba DP; cf. rol *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 98r1).

<sup>1462</sup> *Rdzogs ldan* for Anupama. For this, see (Skilling and Saerji 2016, p. 153, footnote 56).

po dang/ (295) zla ba'i zhal dang/ (296) dri ma med par grags pa dang/ (297) zhi ba'i gzi brjid dang/ (298) dga' ba'i tog dang/ (299) sgra gcan lha dang/

(290) Sarathi, (291) Nande´ ¯ svara, (292) Ratnacu¯d. a, (293) Vigatabhaya, (294) Ratnagarbha, (295) Candranana, (296) Vimalak ¯ ¯ırti, (297) S´antatejas, (298) Priyaketu, ¯ (299) Rahudeva, ¯

(300) na tshod bzang po dang/ (301) lha dag dga' dang/ (302) rin chen phung po dang/ (303) mdzes par gshegs pa dang/ (304) seng ge'i **(D 13r7)** phyogs pa dang/ (305) shin tu mthor gshegs dang/ (306) skye ba'i dbang po dang/ (307) blo gros bzang po dang/ (308) 'jig rten 'od dang/ (309) rin chen gzi brjid dang/

(300) Suvayas, (301) Amarapriya, (302) Ratnaskandha, (303) Lad. itavikrama,1463 (304) Sim. hapaks.a, (305) Atyuccagamin, (306) Janendra, (307) Sumati, (308) Lokaprabha, ¯ (309) Ratnatejas,

(310) skal ldan shing rta dang/ (311) kun du rgyal ba dang/ (312) dga' ba bkod pa dang/ (313) stegs mdzad dang/ (314) spos kyi glang po dang/ **(D 13v1)** (315) blo gros 'od 'phro dang/ (316) ri bo'i rgyal mtshan dang/ (317) spos bzangs dang/1464 (318) chos **brtan** dang/1465 (319) gzi brjid drag shul can dang/1466

(310) Bhag¯ ¯ıratha,1467 (311) Sam. jaya, (312) Rativyuha, (313) T ¯ ¯ırthakara, (314) Gandhahastin, (315) Arcis.mati, (316) Merudhvaja, (317) Sugandha, (318) Dr.d. hadharma, (319) Ugratejas,

(320) chos kyi nor bu dang/ (321) bzang po byin dang/ (322) bder gshegs zla ba dang/1468 (323) tshangs dbyangs dang/ (324) seng ge'i zla ba dang/ (325) dpal dang/ (326) legs par skyes **(D 13v2)** dang/ (327) thub pa med pa'i tshogs dang/ (328) grags pa'i **bshes** gnyen dang/1469 (329) bden pa dang/

<sup>1463</sup> *Mdzes par gshegs pa* for Lad. itavikrama. The word *lad. ita* is used as *lalita* (: *d. a* is an orthographical variant of *la*). The same is applied to the names of the other Victors that include the word *lad. ita*; they are all used as *lalita*.

<sup>1464</sup> bzangs ] D; bzang P.

<sup>1465</sup> brtan ] P; brten D; cf. brtan *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, d98r4).

<sup>1466</sup> gzi brjid ] D; gzi brjad P.

<sup>1467</sup> *Skal ldan shing rta* for Bhag¯ ¯ıratha. I have emended Bhag¯ ¯ırathi in (Weller 1928, p. 35) and Bhagiratha in ¯ the *Sarvavadrodaya¯* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 14). See also the Victor numbered (656).

<sup>1468</sup> bder gshegs ] D; bde gshegs P.

<sup>1469</sup> bshes gnyen ] P; gshes gnyen D; cf. bshes gnyen *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 98r5).

(320) Man. idharma, (321) Bhadradatta, (322) Sugatacandra, (323) Brahmasvara, (324) Sim. hacandra, (325) Sr´ ¯ı, (326) Sujata, (327) Ajitagan ¯ . a, (328) Ya´somitra, (329) Satya,

(330) dka' thub chen po dang/ (331) lhun po'i 'od zer dang/ (332) yon tan brtsegs pa dang/ (333) mchod pa grags pa dang/ (334) chos grags pa dang/ (335) sbyin pa'i 'od dang/ (336) glog 'byin dang/ (337) bden par **(D 13v3)** gsung dang/ (338) 'tsho byed dang/ (339) na tshod bzang po dang/

(330) Mahatapas, (331) Merura´ ¯ smi, (332) Gun. aku¯t.a, (333) Arhadya´sas, (334) Dharmak¯ırti, (335) Danaprabha, (336) Vidyuddatta, (337) Satyakathin, (338) J ¯ ¯ıvaka, (339) Suvayas,

(340) legs pa'i tshogs can dang/ (341) rnam par nges pa'i blo gros dang/ (342) srid mtha' nor bu'i spos dang/ (343) rgyal bas dgyes dang/ (344) seng ge'i 'od zer dang/ (345) rnam par snang mdzad dang/ (346) grags mchog dang/ (347) thugs rab **(D 13v4)** gzhungs dang/ (348) nor bu zla ba dang/ (349) drag shul 'od zer dang/

(340) Sadgan. in, (341) Vini´scitamati, (342) Bhavantama ¯ n. igandha, (343) Jayanandin, (344) Sim. hara´smi, (345) Vairocana, (346) Ya´sottara, (347) Sumedhas, (348) Man. icandra, (349) Ugraprabha,

(350) brtul zhugs thub med dang/ (351) 'gro bas mchod pa dang/ (352) nor bu'i tshogs dang/ (353) 'jig rten bla ma dang/ (354) glang chen dang seng ge dang/ (355) zla ba dang/ (356) rin chen 'od zer dang/ (357) sgra gcan sbed dang/ (358) yon tan rgya **(D 13v5)** mtsho dang/ (359) 'od zer ldan pa dang/

(350) Anihatavrata, (351) Jagatpujita, (352) Ma ¯ n. igan. a, (353) Lokottara, (354) Sim. hahastin, (355) Candra, (356) Ratnarci, (357) R ¯ ahuguhya, (358) Gu ¯ n. asagara, (359) ¯ Sahitara´smi,

(360) rab tu zhi ba'i **stabs** dang/<sup>1470</sup> (361) 'jig rten bzang po dang/ (362) mya ngan med pa dang/ (363) shugs bcu pa dang/ (364) stobs la dgyes pa dang/ (365) mthu'i dpal dang/ (366) mthu thob pa dang/1471 (367) mthu chen dang/ (368) yon tan snying po dang/ (369) bden par spyod pa dang/**(D 13v6)**

<sup>1470</sup> stabs ] *em.*; stobs DP; cf. stabs *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 98v1).

<sup>1471</sup> thob pa ] D; thob P.

(360) Pra´santagati, (361) Lokasundara, (362) A´ ¯ soka, (363) Da´sava´sa, (364) Balanandin, (365) Sthama´ ¯ sr¯ı, (366) Sthamapr ¯ apta, (367) Mah ¯ asth ¯ aman, (368) Gu ¯ n. agarbha, (369) Satyacara,

(370) dge mchog rgyal po dang/ (371) skar rgyal dang/ (372) 'od zer chen po dang/ (373) glog gi 'od dang/ (374) yon tan rgya chen dang/ (375) rin po che dang/ (376) dpal 'od dang/ (377) bdud 'dul ba dang/<sup>1472</sup> (378) go cha bgos pa dang/ (379) seng ge'i phyag dang/

(370) Ks.emottamaraja, (371) Ti ¯ s.ya, (372) Mahara´ ¯ smi, (373) Vidyutprabha, (374) Gun. avistr.ta, (375) Ratna, (376) Sr´ ¯ıprabha, (377) Maradama, (378) K ¯ r.tavarman, (379) Sim. hahasta,

(380) me tog bzang po dang/ (381) rin chen mthon po dang/ (382) rgya **(D 13v7)** mtsho dang/ (383) sa 'dzin dang/ (384) don gyi blo mnga' ba dang/ (385) yon tan brtsegs pa dang/ (386) yon tan gyi tshogs dang/ (387) rin po che'i me dang/ (388) 'jig rten las 'das pa dang/ (389) 'jig rten gyi zla ba dang/

(380) Supus.pa, (381) Ratnottama, (382) Sagara, (383) Dhara ¯ n.¯ıdhara, (384) Arthabuddhi, (385) Gun. agan. a, (386) Gun. agan. a, (387) Ratnagni, (388) Lokottara, ¯ (389) Lokacandra,

(390) dbyangs snyan dang/ (391) tshangs pa'i tog dang/ (392) tshogs chen gtso bo dang/ (393) seng ge'i **(D 14r1) stabs** dang/<sup>1473</sup> (394) drag can gyi byin pa dang/ (395) chos kyi dbang phyug dang/ (396) gzi brjid 'od dang/ (397) 'od zer chen po dang/ (398) rin chen grags pa dang/ (399) tshogs can gsal ba dang/

(390) Madhurasvara, (391) Brahmaketu, (392) Gan. imukha,1474 (393) Sim. hagati, (394) Ugradatta, (395) Dharme´svara, (396) Tejasprabha, (397) Mahara´ ¯ smi, (398) Ratnaya´sas, (399) Gan. iprabhasa, ¯

(400) grags pa mtha' yas pa dang/ (401) 'od zer don yod pa dang/ (402) lha'i drang srong dang/ (403) skye **(D 14r2)** ba'i dbang po dang/ (404) dge 'dun brtan pa dang/ (405) phyogs **bzang** dang/<sup>1475</sup> (406) **tog** dang/1476 (407) yul 'khor me tog dang/ (408) chos kyi blo gros dang/ (409) rlung gi shugs ltar gshegs pa dang/

<sup>1472</sup> 'dul ba ] D; 'dul P.

<sup>1473</sup> stabs ] *em.*; stobs DP; cf. stabs *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 98v3).

<sup>1474</sup> *Tshogs chen gtso* for Gan. imukha. The Bhadrakalpika also reads as *tshogs chen gtso* (D 94. 98v3).

<sup>1475</sup> bzang ] P; bzangs D; cf. bzang *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 98v4).

<sup>1476</sup> tog ] P; rtog D; cf. tog *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 98v4).

(400) Anantaya´sas, (401) Amoghara´smi, (402) R. s.ideva, (403) Janendra, (404) Dr.d. hasam. gha, (405) Supaks.a, (406) Ketu, (407) Kusumara¯s.t.ra, (408) Dharmamati, (409) Anilavegagamin, ¯

(410) legs pa'i grags pa dang/ (411) snang ldan dang/ (412) lha'i tshogs dang/ (413) yon tan srung dang/ (414) don gyi **(D 14r3)** blo gros dang/ (415) bsnyengs pa med pa dang/ (416) **grogs** brtan pa dang/<sup>1477</sup> (417) 'od gnas mtshungs pa dang/ (418) nor bu'i zhabs dang/ (419) thar pa'i gzi brjid dang/

(410) Sucittaya´sas,<sup>1478</sup> (411) Dyutimat, (412) Marutskandha, (413) Gun. agupta, (414) Arthamati, (415) Abhaya, (416) Sthitamitra, (417) Prabhasthitakalpa, (418) ¯ Man. icaran. a, (419) Moks.atejas,

(420) ngos bzangs dang/ (421) blo bzangs dang/ (422) kun du gzi brjid dang/ (423) ye shes mchog dang/ (424) tshangs par gnas dang/ **(D 14r4)** (425) bden par gsung dang/1479 (426) blo bzangs dang/1480 (427) stobs byin dang/ (428) seng ge'i stabs dang/ (429) me tog gi tog dang/

(420) Sundarapar´ ¯ sva, (421) Subuddhi, (422) Samantatejas, (423) Jñanavara, (424) ¯ Brahmasthita, (425) Satyaruta, (426) Subuddhi, (427) Baladatta, (428) Sim. hagati, (429) Pus.paketu,

(430) ye shes 'byung gnas dang/ (431) me tog byin dang/ (432) yon tan snying po dang/ (433) rin chen grags pa dang/ (434) grags pa rmad du byung ba dang/ (435) mi tshugs pa dang/ **(D 14r5)** (436) bsnyengs pa med pa dang/ (437) nyi ma'i 'od dang/ (438) tshangs par gshegs pa dang/ (439) lha'i mthu rtsal dang/

(430) Jñan¯ akara, (431) Pu ¯ s.padatta, (432) Gun. agarbha, (433) Ya´soratna, (434) Adbhutaya´sas, (435) Anihata, (436) Abhaya, (437) Suryaprabha, (438) Brahmag ¯ amin, ¯ (439) Vikrantadeva, ¯

(440) ye shes dgyes dang/ (441) lha'i bden pa dang/ (442) nor bu'i snying po dang/ (443) yon tan grags pa dang/ (444) ye shes dpal dang/ (445) **bcings pa** med pa dang/<sup>1481</sup> (446) brtul zhugs brtan pa dang/ (447) lha'i

<sup>1477</sup> grogs ] *em.*; grags pa DP; cf. grogs *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 98v4).

<sup>1478</sup> For Sucittaya´sas, the text is *Legs pa'i grags pa*; it is perhaps a contracted form of *legs pa'i bsam grags pa*. cf. legs bsams grags pa *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 98v4).

<sup>1479</sup> gsung ] D; gsungs P.

<sup>1480</sup> bzangs ] D; bzang P.

<sup>1481</sup> bcings pa ] P; bcing ba D; cf. bcings pa *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 98v7).

gzi **(D 14r6)** brjid dang/ (448) tshangs thub dang/ (449) brtul zhugs dka' thub dang/

(440) Jñanapriya, (441) Satyadeva, (442) Ma ¯ n. igarbha, (443) Gun. ak¯ırti, (444) Jñana´ ¯ sr¯ı, (445) Asita, (446) Dr.d. havrata, (447) Maruttejas, (448) Brahmamuni, (449) Vratatapas,

(450) 'od zer phung po dang/ (451) gzi brjid che ba dang/1482 (452) tsam pa ka dang/ (453) dga' mdzad dang/ (454) tshogs can bzang po dang/ (455) dbang po'i rgyal mtshan dang/ (456) dgyes pa chen po dang/ (457) sna ma'i me tog 'od dang/ (458) tshogs can **(D 14r7)** 'od dang/ (459) skrun mdzad dang/

(450) Arciskandha, (451) Mahatejas, (452) Campaka, (453) To ¯ s.an. a, (454) Sugan. in, (455) Indradhvaja, (456) Mahapriya, (457) Suman ¯ apu ¯ s.paprabha, (458) Gan. iprabha, (459) Bodhyanga, ˙ <sup>1483</sup>

(460) mdangs 'gro dang/ (461) don legs nges pa dang/ (642) khyu mchog dang/ (463) lag bzangs dang/<sup>1484</sup> (464) 'od zer chen po dang/ (465) bsam pas byin pa dang/<sup>1485</sup> (466) bsod nams 'od dang/ (467) rin chen dbyangs dang/ (468) rdo rje'i sde dang/ (469) 'byor ldan dang/

(460) Ojam. gama, (461) Suvini´scitartha, (462) V ¯ r.s.abha, (463) Subahu, (464) Mah ¯ ara´ ¯ smi, (465) A´ ¯ sadatta, (466) Pun ¯ . yabha, (467) Ratnaruta, (468) Vajrasena, (469) Samr ¯ .ddha,

(470) seng ge'i stobs dang/ **(D 14v1)** (471) dri med spyan dang/ (472) 'od **srung** dang/1486 (473) blo gsal dang/ (474) ye shes 'gros dang/ (475) gzi brjid drag shul can dang/ (476) 'od zer chen po dang/ (477) nyi ma'i 'od dang/ (478) dri ma med pa'i 'od dang/ (479) gzi brjid rnam par 'byed pa dang/

(470) Sim. habala, (471) Vimalanetra, (472) Ka´¯syapa, (473) Prasannabuddhi, (474) Jñanakrama, (475) Ugratejas, (476) Mah ¯ ara´ ¯ smi, (477) Suryaprabha, (478) ¯ Vimalaprabha, (479) Vibhaktatejas,

(480) khengs pa med pa dang/ (481) sbrang rtsi zhal dang/ (482) zla ba'i 'od **(D 14v2)** dang/ (483) glog 'byin dang/ (484) rab tu zhi bar gshegs pa

<sup>1482</sup> che ba ] D; che P.

<sup>1483</sup> Bodhyanga for ˙ *skrun mdzad*. The *Sarvavajrodaya¯* also has Bodhyanga for ˙ *skrun par mdzad* (Moriguchi 1989, pp. 18–19).

<sup>1484</sup> bzangs ] D; bzang P.

<sup>1485</sup> byin pa ] D; byin P.

<sup>1486</sup> srung ] *em.*; srungs DP; cf. srung *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 99r2).

dang/ (485) mi 'khrugs pa dang/ (486) dgra bcom grags pa dang/ (487) chos kyi yon tan dang/ (488) zhing bzang po dang/ (489) bkod pa'i rgyal po dang/

(480) Anuddhata, (481) Madhuvaktra, (482) Candraprabha, (483) Vidyuddatta,<sup>1487</sup> (484) Pra´santag ¯ amin, (485) Ak ¯ s.obhya, (486) Arhatk¯ırti, (487) Gun. adharma, (488) Lad. itaks.etra, (489) Vyuhar ¯ aja, ¯

(490) mngon par 'phags pa dang/ (491) sbyin sreg 'od 'phro dang/ (492) pa dma'i dpal dang/ (493) rin chen **(D 14v3)** bkod pa dang/ (494) shin tu bzang po dang/ (495) rin chen mchog dang/ (496) thugs shin tu gzhungs dang/<sup>1488</sup> (497) rgya mtshos byin dang/ (498) tshangs pa'i tog rnams so//

(490) Abhyudgata, (491) Hutarci, (492) Padma´ ¯ sr¯ı, (493) Ratnavyuha, (494) Subhadra, ¯ (495) Ratnottama, (496) Sumedhas, (497) Samudradatta, (498) Brahmaketu,

/shar dang byang dang nub dang ni/ /lho yi sgo du shes bya ba/1489 /(1) tshangs pa (2) dbang phyug chen po ma/ /(3) gzhon nu (4) khyab 'jug ma de **(D 14v4)** bzhin//

/(5) phag mo (6) dbang mo (7) gtum mo dang/<sup>1490</sup> /(8) dpal chen mo ni **grwa** rnams su/<sup>1491</sup>

/sgo ru gzugs dang mtshan ma ni/ /mkha' 'gro ma sogs bzhin du grags// /grwa ru brtan ma la sogs bzhin/ /shes bya 'dir ni ri mo gsum/

/sku gsung thugs kyi chos rnams so/ /chos kyi **(D 14v5)** 'khor lo shin tu mdzes//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.141c–144b.

(1) Brahma¯n.¯ı, (2) Mahe´ ¯ svar¯ı, (3) Kaumar¯ ¯ı, and (4) Vais.n. av¯ı should be known to be at the east, north, west, and south gates, [respectively]. (5) Var¯ ah¯ ¯ı, (6) Indr¯ı, (7) Can. d.¯ı, and (8) Mahalak ¯ s.m¯ı are at the [four] corners. Concerning forms and marks, [these yogin¯ıs] at the [four] gates are declared to be like D. akin ¯ ¯ı and so on.<sup>1492</sup> [The yogin¯ıs] at the [four] corners are like Yamada¯d. h¯ı and so on, [who reside at the outer four corners on the Merit Circle]. Three lines are also to be known on this [circle,

<sup>1487</sup> *glog 'byin*. I have emended Dattavidyut in (Weller 1928, p. 59) and Vidyadatta in the *Sarvavajrodaya¯* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 20).

<sup>1488</sup> gzhungs ] D; bzhungs pa P.

<sup>1489</sup> sgo du ] D; sgo ru P.

<sup>1490</sup> dbang mo ] D; dbang ma P.

<sup>1491</sup> grwa rnams ] P; gwa rnams D.

<sup>1492</sup> D. akin ¯ ¯ı and so on indicate D. akin ¯ ¯ı, Lam¯ a, Kha ¯ n. d. aroha, and R ¯ upi ¯ n.¯ı, the four major yogin¯ıs residing at the Drop Circle.

connected] with the body, speech, and mind [aspects of the] dharma. [It is] very resplendent with a dharma wheel.

/dur khrod rnams ni brjod bya ste/ /me yi 'khor lo'i dbus su ni/ /(1) gsod dang (2) kun du skrag byed dang/ /(3) 'jigs pa che dang (4) 'jigs byed de//

/drag po'i dur khrod de bzhin du/ /g-yon skor du ni rnam par dgod/1493 /(5) **skrod** byed dang ni (6) sdang byed dang/<sup>1494</sup> /(7) lkugs **(D 14v6)** byed dang ni (8) rengs byed slar//

/dbang ldan la sogs grwa la'o/ /shing ni rim pas sbyin bya ste/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.144c–146.

[Eight] charnel grounds are taught in the middles of the blazing circles. He should arrange [the four] awful charnel grounds, (1) Mara ¯ n. a, (2) Sam. trasana, (3) Mah ¯ abhaya, ¯ and (4) Bhayam. kara, in [the four cardinal directions] going counterclockwise; (5) Ucca¯t.an. a, (6) Vidves.an. a, (7) Mukana, and (8) Stambhana are at the [four] corners ¯ starting with the northeast. He should place the trees [in these eight charnel grounds] in order.

/(1) go yu (2) star ka (3) na li ra/ ¯ <sup>1495</sup> /(4) se 'bru (5) bil ba'i shing de nas// /(6) skyu ru (7) bi dznya (8) rag sha'i shing/ /rim pa ji bzhin rnam par dgod/

/(1) dbang mo (2) gshin rje ma (3) chu mo/ /(4) gnod sbyin (5) 'byung mo (6) drang srong ma//

/**(D 14v7)** (7) srin mo (8) rlung gi chung ma ste/ /'jig rten skyong ma sbyin par bya/<sup>1496</sup>

/klu mo srin mo thams cad ni/ /'dir ni rnam pa kun du sbyin//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.147–149b.

Then, [the trees are] (1) a *puga ¯* , (2) an *aks. ot.aka*, (3) a *nal¯ ¯ıra*, (4) a *da¯d. ima*, (5) a *bilva*, (6) an *amalaka ¯* , (7) a *bijjora*, and (8) a *rudra*. He should place [them] in order. (1) Indr¯ı, (2) Yama, (3) Varu ¯ n.¯ı, (4) Yaks.in.¯ı, (5) Bhutin ¯ ¯ı, (6) R. s.¯ı, (7) Rak¯ s.as¯ı, and (8) Vayubh ¯ ary ¯ a—He ¯ should place the female world guardians. There are [also] female serpents and female clouds. He should place [them] all on this [circle] completely.

<sup>1493</sup> skor ] D; bskor P.

<sup>1494</sup> skrod byed ] *em.*; skrag byed DP; cf. skrod byed *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.146a).

<sup>1495</sup> star ka ] D; sta rka P.

<sup>1496</sup> bya ] D; byed P.

/de ltar dkyil 'khor 'khor bshad la/ /phun sum tshogs pa thams cad sbyin/ /las kyi rjes mthun sku mdog can/ /der ni gtso bo bsgom par bya//**(D 15r1)**

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.149c–f.

The man. d. ala wheel is thus taught. He should make [it for the sake] of all [kinds of] success. [While performing a ritual to do so,] he should visualize a leader (hero) on this [man. d. ala], colored in accordance with the [purpose of] ritual.

zhes bya ba ni 'khor lo gsum pa'i dkyil 'khor la rim pa gnyis dang bcas pa'o//

```
→ D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava, 15.150–151.
```
The third circle (Earth Circle) is thus [taught]. The second layer comprising [the Space, Wind and Earth] Circles.1497

*9.3.8. The Enjoyment Layer (1): Fire Circle*

/de nas phyi rol slar yang 'dir/ /me yi 'khor lo bdag gis bshad/ /kha dog dmar po 'bar chen po/ /sum cu drug rtsibs rnams mchog la/ /rnal 'byor **(D 15r2)** ma slar dgod bya ba/ /lha sogs rigs las byung ma ste//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.152–153b.

Now, here outside, another, I shall explain the Fire Circle, [which is] red in color and is blazing greatly. He should arrange yogin¯ıs born of the gods' clan and others on the excellent thirty-six spokes.

/(1) lha mo (2) klu mo (3) gnod sbyin mo/ /(4) 'byung po ngo bo tsam po'o/ /de kun gsungs pa 'di ni ci/ /lha yi rigs 'byung bshad par bya// /(5) ma dang (6) chung ma (7) sring mo dang/ /(8) bu mo (9) sring mo'i bu mo dang/ /(10) pha yi sring mo (11) de dang ni/ /zhang **(D 15r3)** po yi ni chung ma dang// /(12) chung ma'i spun zla ma dang ni/

<sup>1497</sup> *zhes bya ba ni 'khor lo gsum pa'i dkyil 'khor la rim pa gnyis dang bcas pa'o* (literally, "Thus is [the one that] has two layers in the man. d. ala of the third circle," which does not make sense). This is *iti tr.t¯ıya medin¯ıcakram / man. d. alaih. saha dvit¯ıyaput.am/* in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.150–151).

/(13) chung ma yi ni ma dang ni/1498 /(14) de nyid kyi ni pha yi ma/ /(15) chung ma yi ni phyi mo dang//1499 /(16) ma yi ma dang (17) gnyen mo dang/ /(18) ma yi sbun zla'i (19) bu mo dang/1500 /(20) rang gi phyi mo'i spun zla dang/ /(21) spun zla'i bu mo (22) de'i bu mo// /(23) pha yi ma dang (24) phyi mo dang/ /(25) khu **(D 15r4)** bo yi ni chung ma dang/ /(26) bu mo'i bu yi chung ma dang/ /slar yang (27) chung ma'i spun zla dang// /(28) rang pha'i sring mo'i (29) bu mo dang/ /(30) de nyid kyi ni rang rigs skyes/1501 /(31) spun zla'i chung ma (32) bu mo dang/ /(33) bu nyid kyi ni bu mo dang//1502 /bu de yi ni chung ma dang/1503 /(34) bu mo'i khyo yi ma yi ni/ /bu nyid kyi ni sgyug mo **(D 15r5)** dang/ /(35) bu mo'i (36) bu mor yang dag bshad// /po nya sum cu drug rnams so/ /kha dog dmar por yang dag grags/ /mtshon cha la sogs sngar dang mtshungs//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.153c–160.

[The yogin¯ıs are] (1) Dev¯ı, (2) Nag¯ ¯ı, (3) Yaks.in.¯ı, (4) Bhutin ¯ ¯ı, and the solely existing. [The goddess] asked "Is that all?" [Then, those] born of the gods' clan are stated [by the Blessed One as follows]—(5) Mat¯ a ("mother"), ¯ <sup>1504</sup> (6) Bhary ¯ a¯ ("wife"), (7) Bhagin¯ı ("sister"), (8) Duhita ("daughter"), ¯ <sup>1505</sup> (9) Bhagineyik ¯ a ("sister's ¯ daughter"), (10) Pitur Bhagin¯ı ("father's sister"), (11) Sa ca M ¯ atulasya Bh ¯ aryak ¯ ¯ı

<sup>1498</sup> chung ma yi ni ma dang ni ] D; *om.* P.

<sup>1499</sup> phyi mo ] D; phyi ma P.

<sup>1500</sup> sbun zla'i ] D; sbun zla sbun zla'i P.

<sup>1501</sup> de nyid kyi ] D; de nyid kyis P.

<sup>1502</sup> bu mo dang ] D; *om.* P.

<sup>1503</sup> bu de yi ni ] D; *om.* P.

<sup>1504</sup> Her husband's name (a masculine form of her name) is Mata according to his mantra. Therefore, it ¯ seems that her name, *mat¯ a¯*, is used here as an *a¯*-stem noun and not a nominative of *mat¯ r.*. This is also said of all words of "*mat¯ a¯*" mentioned below that are used as yogin¯ıs' names.

<sup>1505</sup> Her husband's name (a masculine form of her name) is Duhita according to his mantra. Her name, *duhita¯*, is an *a¯*-stem noun and not a nominative of *duhitr.*. This is also said of all *duhita¯*s mentioned below that are used as yogin¯ıs' names.

("and maternal uncle's that wife"),1506 (12) Bhary ¯ abhagin ¯ ¯ı ("wife's sister"), (13) Bhary ¯ am¯ at¯ a ("wife's mother"), ¯ <sup>1507</sup> (14) Tasyaiva Pitur Mat¯ r.k¯ı ("her [viz., wife's] father's mother"; tasyaiva is tasya eva), ¯ <sup>1508</sup> (15) Bhary ¯ apit ¯ amah ¯ ¯ı ("wife's paternal grandmother"), (16) Matur M ¯ at¯ a ("mother's mother"), (17) B ¯ andhav ¯ ¯ı ("female relative"), (18) Matur Bhagin ¯ ¯ı ("mother's sister"), (19) Bhagineyik ¯ a ("sister's ¯ daughter"), (20) Svamatur M ¯ at¯ abhagin ¯ ¯ı ("one's own mother's mother's sister"), (21) Bhaginey ¯ ¯ı ("sister's daughter"). (22) Asya Putrika ("her [viz., sister's daughter's] ¯ daughter"; asya is asya¯h.),<sup>1509</sup> (23) Pitur Mat¯ a ("father's mother"), (24) Pit ¯ amah ¯ ¯ı ("paternal grandmother"), (25) Pitulasya Bharyak ¯ ¯ı ("paternal uncle's wife"), (26) Duhitaputrabh ¯ ary ¯ ¯ı ("daughter's son's wife"), and again (27) Bhary ¯ ay¯ a Bhagin ¯ ¯ı ("wife's sister"), (28) Svapitur Bhagin¯ı ("one's own father's sister"), (29) Putr¯ı ("[one's own father's] daughter"), (30) Tasyaiva tu Svagotraj¯ı ("that same one's [viz., one's own father's] own kinswoman"),1510 (31) Bhrat¯ ay¯ a Bh ¯ ary ¯ a ("brother's ¯ wife"; bhrat¯ ay¯ a[¯ h.] is bhratur), (32) Putr ¯ ¯ı ("[brother's] daughter"), (33) Putrasyaiva tu Bharyak ¯ ¯ı ("the same son's wife"),<sup>1511</sup> (34) Duhitay¯ a Bhart ¯ r.matu¯ h. Putrasyaiva tu Svasr.ka ("daughter's husband's mother's same son's sister"), (35) Duhit ¯ a¯ ("daughter"), and (36) Putr¯ı ("daughter").1512 The thirty-six female messengers (yogin¯ıs) are [thus] made known. [They are] proclaimed to be red in color, and [their physical features] such as weapons are as before.

/sa ni ring du **song** nyid dang/<sup>1513</sup> /**drag po'i** gling du gnas pa mo/1514 /'du bar rtag tu shes bya ste/ /shes rab thabs bdag ngo **(D 15r6)** bo can// /nus pa'i 'khor lor 'dir rtag tu/1515 /shes bya rang 'dra'i mdzes pa mo/ /kun du rdo rje'i phreng la sogs/ /lugs 'byung lugs las bzlog pa yis//

<sup>1506</sup> According to her mantra, "Sa ca" is a part of her name. ¯

<sup>1507</sup> In her mantra, she is simply named "Mat¯ a". However, in the text she is ¯ *chung ma yi ni ma*.

<sup>1508</sup> According to her mantra, "Tasyaiva" is a part of her name.

<sup>1509</sup> According to her mantra, "Asya (for Asyah¯ .)" is a part of her name.

<sup>1510</sup> According to her mantra, "Tasyaiva tu" is a part of her name.

<sup>1511</sup> According to her mantra, "eva tu" is a part of her name. The same is said of the next yogin¯ı's name. The text for her name is /*bu nyid kyi ni bu mo dang/ /bu de yi ni chung ma dang/* ("the same son's daughter, that son's wife"). This is perhaps a corruption. I have accepted the name ("the same son's wife") included in her mantra.

<sup>1512</sup> The names of the male consorts of these yogin¯ıs are (1) Deva, (2) Naga, (3) Yak ¯ s.a, (4) Bhuta, (5) M ¯ ata, ¯ (6) Bharya, (7) Bhagina, (8) Duhita, (9) Bh ¯ agineyika, (10) Pitur bhagina, (11) S ¯ a ca M ¯ atulasya bh ¯ aryaka, ¯ (12) Bhary ¯ abhagina, (13) M ¯ ata, (14) Tasyaiva pitur m ¯ at¯ r.ka, (15) Bhary ¯ apit ¯ amaha, (16) M ¯ atur m ¯ ata, ¯ (17) Bandhava, (18) M ¯ atur bhagina, (19) Bh ¯ agineyika, (20) Svam ¯ atur m ¯ at¯ abhagina, (21) Bh ¯ agineya, ¯ (22) Asya Putra, (23) Pitur mata, (24) Pit ¯ amaha, (25) Pitulasya Bh ¯ arya, (26) Duhit ¯ aputrabh ¯ arya, (27) ¯ oBhary ¯ ay¯ a Bhagina, (28) Svapitur Bhagina, (29) Putra, (30) Tasyaiva tu Svagotraja, (31) Bhr ¯ at¯ ay¯ a¯ Bharya, (32) Putra, (33) Putrasyaiva tu Bh ¯ arya, (34) Duhit ¯ ay¯ a Bhart ¯ r.matu¯ h. Putrasyaiva tu Svasr.ka, (35) Duhita, and (36) Putra, according to their mantras.

<sup>1513</sup> ring du song nyid ] *em.*; ring du spong nyid DP; cf. ring du song nyid *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.161a)

<sup>1514</sup> drag po'i ] P; dgra po'i D.

<sup>1515</sup> 'khor lor ] D; 'khor lo P.

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.161–162.

[Every yogin¯ı on this circle is of] the Far-Reaching Level, [who] lives in the Raudra Continent, is said [to dwell in] the *melapaka ¯* ("meeting") [holy site], and has the nature of the wisdom and means. [Every yogin¯ı] always [resides] on this power circle and is to be understood as a beautiful woman [matching her consort hero resembling] her in appearance. All [deities on the circles] such as the Adamantine Circle are [placed] clockwise and anticlockwise.

/g-yon dang g-yas pa'i lag pa yis/ /'dir ni mchod pa byed pa yin/1516 /phyugs rnams kyi ni sha thams **(D 15r7)** cad/ /kun du son nas dbul bar bya//

/btung ba rnam pa sna tshogs dbul/ /bldag bya sna tshogs nyid de bzhin/1517

/rang rang stan las langs nas ni/1518 /bla ma rdo rje 'dzin pa mchod// /slar yang 'ongs nas 'khor lo yi/ /mchod pa bcu gnyis rnams la 'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.163–164.

He certainly performs worship here with the left and right hands. [There are] beasts: Every [practitioner] gathered together should offer the meat of [beast of] all [kinds]. He should offer various kinds of beverage and a variety of foods (the lickable). Having risen from your seat, perform worship! O vajra-holder!1519 Again, having come, [he should perform] the circle worship for the twelve [circles].

zhes bya ba ni longs **spyod (D 15v1)** rdzogs pa'i me'i 'khor lo ste dang pho'o//1520

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.165.

The Fire Circle, the first, in the Enjoyment [Layer] is thus [taught].

*9.3.9. The Enjoyment Circle (2): Water Circle*

/de nas da yi phyi rol bshad/ /chu yi 'khor lo rdzu 'phrul che/ /mdog dkar sum cu drug rtsibs la/ /rnal 'byor ma ni rim pas bsgom//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.166.

<sup>1516</sup> mchod pa ] D; ma phod P.

<sup>1517</sup> bldag bya ] D; blngag bya P.

<sup>1518</sup> stan las ] D; stan la P.

<sup>1519</sup> /*rang rang stan las langs nas ni/ /bla ma rdo rje 'dzin pa mchod/*. This is *utthaya c ¯ asan ¯ at svasv ¯ at p ¯ ujana ¯ m. kuru vajradhr.k* in the Sanskrit *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.164ab). The verb (*mchod* or "perform worship") is the second person.

<sup>1520</sup> longs spyod rdzogs pa'i ] P; longs rdzogs pa'i D.

Now, outside that, I explain the Water Circle, [which has] great supernatural power. He should visualize the yogin¯ıs in sequence on the white-colored thirty-six spokes.

/(1) ma ka ra mo (2) rus sbal (3) nya/1521 /(4) sbal mo (5) rus sbal (6) chu sram mo/1522 /(7) sdig nag (8) ga ggir ma (9) shi l . ma/<sup>1523</sup> /**(D 15v2)** (10) chu yi phug ma (11) srin bu'i gdong ma dang// /(12) cha ga ba mo (13) ka rka t.¯ı mo (14) su y ¯ ¯ı mo/1524 /(15) chu byi mo dang (16) grog mo'i gdong ma dang/1525 /(17) chu yi mi mo dang ni (18) rgod ma dang/ /(19) glang chen mo dang (20) stag mo (21) ce spyang mo// /(22) chu sbrul mo dang (23) dung mo (24) 'gron bu mo/1526 /(25) nya phyis ma dang (26) nor bu (27) dzi gu ri ma dang/1527 /(28) l¯ı s¯ı mo dang (29) dud **(D 15v3)** du ri ma (30) ka rn. od. /<sup>1528</sup> /(31) pha d. a ka mo (32) da ba k ¯ ¯ı ma (33) kri m¯ı mo//1529 /(34) **dzu s.i dzu s.¯ı ma** dang (35) **sha sbrang ma** (36) ka la ma/ ¯ <sup>1530</sup> /lha yi gtso mo mchog rnams so/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.167–170b.

(1) Makar¯ı ("makara"), (2) Kurm¯ ¯ı ("turtle"), (3) Maccha (for Matsy ¯ a, "fish"), (4) Vi ¯ ng˙ ¯ı (for Vyang˙ ¯ı, "frog"), (5) Kacchap¯ı ("tortoise"), (6) Od.rik¯ı (from *udra*, "otter," or from *od.ra*, some water creature living in Od.ra or Orissa), (7) Suc¯ ¯ı ("scorpion" or some stinging creature), (8) Gaggar¯ı (for Gargar¯ı, "catfish"), (9) Sil ´ ¯ı ("a kind of worm or frog"), (10) Jalaguh¯ı (some creature in a "hiding place in water"), (11) K¯ıt.¯ımukh¯ı (some "worm-face" creature), (12) Phad. ing˙ ¯ı ("cricket"), (13) Karkat.¯ı ("crab"), (14) Suy¯ ¯ı (some creature), (15) Mu¯ s.ika ("mouse"), (16) Pippa ¯ t.imukh¯ı (for Pip¯ılamukha, ¯ some "ant-face" creature), (17) Jalanar¯ı ("mermaid"), (18) Vad. av¯ı ("mare"), (19) Dantin¯ı ("elephant"), (20) Vyaghr ¯ ¯ı ("tiger"), (21) Jambuk¯ı ("jackal"), (22) Jalah¯ ¯ı ("water snake"), (23) Sa´ nkh ˙ ¯ı ("conch shell"), (24) Kapard¯ı ("cowrie"), (25) Muktik¯ı ("pearl"), (26) Man.¯ı (another kind of "pearl"), (27) Jigur¯ı (some creature), (28) L¯ıs¯ı

<sup>1521</sup> rus sbal ] D; ru sbal P.

<sup>1522</sup> rus sbal ] D; ru sbal P ♦ chu sram mo ] D; chu bsam mo P.

<sup>1523</sup> ga ggir ma ] D; gga ri ma P ♦ shi l . ma ] D; s.t.i li ma P.

<sup>1524</sup> ka rka t.¯ı mo ] D; ka ka ru mo P ♦ su y ¯ ¯ı mo ] D; su sa mo P.

<sup>1525</sup> grog mo'i ] D; grogs mo'i P.

<sup>1526</sup> 'gron bu mo ] D; mgron bu mo P.

<sup>1527</sup> dzi gu ri ma ] D; dzi gu ra ma P.

<sup>1528</sup> l¯ı s¯ı mo ] D; l¯ı sa mo P ♦ dud du ri ma ] D; dud du ra ma P; cf. dud du ra ma *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.169c).

<sup>1529</sup> da ba k ¯ ¯ı ma ] D; da ba ka ma P. ¯

<sup>1530</sup> dzu s.i dzu s.¯ı ma ] P; dzu s.¯ı ma D; cf. dzu s.a dzu s.¯ı ma *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.170a) ♦ sha sbrang ma ] P; sha sbrang D; cf. sha sbrang ma *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.170a).

(some creature), (29) Duddur¯ı (perhaps for Dardur¯ı, "frog"), (30) Karn. ot.¯ı (some water creature), (31) Phad. ak¯ı (some creature), (32) Davak ¯ ¯ı (some creature), (33) Kr.m¯ı ("worm"), (34) Jus.ijus.¯ı (some creature perhaps sounding "jus.i jus.i"), (35) Dam. sak ´ ¯ı ("gadfly"), and (36) Kal¯ı (some creature).<sup>1531</sup> [They are] eminent female leaders of gods.

/de ltar kha dog rang bzhin ni/ /dkar mo'am rang rang rigs skyes pa'o// /gdong pa rang rang gzugs kyis te/ /rnal 'byor ma'i rim ji bzhin no/ /nye ba'i **(D 15v4)** 'du ba nyid dang ni/ /sa ni mi g-yo ba mchog go// /'**dza**m bu'i gling du gnas par ni/1532 /shes bya mtshon cha sngon bzhin no/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.170c–172b.

Born of their specific clans, [the yogin¯ıs] have the appearances colored in this way.1533 Alternatively, [their color is] white. The yogin¯ıs have faces of their specific forms in order.1534 [Every yogin¯ı] is to be discerned as [an inhabitant of] the *upamelapaka ¯* ("near to the meeting") [holy site], to be [of] the Immovable Level, to be unexcelled, and to live in the Jambu Continent. [Their] weapons are as before. ¯

/yang na gang ba'i **ri** sogs kyis/1535 /mi rnams sum cu drug blta'o/1536 /gnas sogs rim pa de rnams su/ /mi mo dngos su yang dag bya// /'dzam **(D 15v5)** bu gling 'di de yis ni/<sup>1537</sup> /dum bu bcu gnyis kyis brgyan pa'o/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.172c–173.

Alternatively, [the yogin¯ıs'] male consorts are regarded as the thirty-six [male deities residing in the respective holy sites], starting with Pur¯ n. agiri. He should make their

<sup>1531</sup> The names of the male consorts of these yogin¯ıs are (1) Makara, (2) Kurma, (3) Maccha, (4) Vi ¯ nga, (5) ˙ Kacchapa, (6) Od.rika, (7) Suca, (8) Gaggara, (9) ¯ S´¯ıla, (10) Jalaguha, (11) K¯ıt.¯ımukha, (12) Phad. inga, ˙ (13) Karkat.a, (14) Suya, (15) M ¯ u¯ s.ka, (16) Pippat.imukha, (17) Jalanara, (18) Vad. ava, (19) Dantin, (20) Vyaghra, (21) Jambuka, (22) Jal ¯ ahi, (23) ¯ Sa´ nkha, (24) Kaparda, (25) Muktika, (26) Ma ˙ n. i, (27) Jigura, (28) L¯ısa, (29) Duddura, (30) Karn. ot.a, (31) Phad. aka, (32) Davaka, (33) K ¯ r.mi, (34) Jus.ijus.i, (35) Dam. saka, ´ and (36) Kala, according to their mantras.

<sup>1532</sup> 'dzam bu'i ] *corr.*; 'jam bu'i D; dzam bu'i P.

<sup>1533</sup> This perhaps means that the body colors of the yogin¯ıs are same as those of the creatures that constitute their names.

<sup>1534</sup> The text is /*gdong pa rang rang gzugs kyis te/ /rnal 'byor ma'i rim ji bzhin no/*, which is *mukham. ca svasvarup¯ a¯n. i yogin¯ına¯m. yathakram ¯ at¯* in the parallel line in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.171ab). This means that that the yogin¯ıs have faces of the creatures in line with their names.

<sup>1535</sup> gang ba'i ri ] *em.*; gang ba'i rigs DP; cf. gang ba'i ri *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.172c).

<sup>1536</sup> blta ] D; lta P.

<sup>1537</sup> 'dzam bu ] D; 'dzam bu'i P.

faces similar to [their] female consorts' [faces],1538 corresponding to the order of [the twelve classes of holy site] starting with the *p¯ıt.ha*. This, the Jambu Continent, is ¯ thereby adorned with twelve sections.

/**ba tshwa** zhes bya'i rgya mtshor ni/1539 /de ru gtogs pa'i skye bo rnams// /drod gsher skyes dang 'du 'phrod las/<sup>1540</sup> /skyes pa **mngal** nas skye bar bsam/1541 /'khor lo 'di ni **drod** gsher skyes/1542 /me yi 'khor lo mngal **(D 15v6)** skyes so// /mtshan nyid thams cad yongs rdzogs pa'i/ /shes rab thabs bdag nyid rang ngo/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.174–175.

The ocean is named Saline—creatures belonging to it are associated with the moisture-born [deities on the Water Circle]. [He should understand] humans to be among the womb-born. The moisture-born belong to this, [the Water] Circle. The womb-born belong to the Fire Circle. Replete with all [kinds of good] characteristics, [the Water Circle] itself has the nature of wisdom and means.

zhes bya ba ni chu'i 'khor lo ste gnyis pa'o//1543

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.176.

The Water Circle, the second, is thus [taught].

*9.3.10. The Enjoyment Circle (3): Knowledge Circle*

/de nas de yi phyi rol 'chad/ /kun nas ye shes 'khor lo'o/ /sum cu drug rtsibs sna tshogs mdog/ /lha min mo'i **(D 15v7)** rigs rim pa dang//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.177.

Now, outside that, I shall explain the Knowledge Circle entirely, [which is] multicolored and has thirty-six spokes corresponding to the sequence of the asuras' clan.

<sup>1538</sup> *de rnams su/ /mi mo dngos su yang dag bya/* (literally, "he should make really perfectly female consorts in them" or equivalent). I have followed the text *tes.u nar¯ ¯ısamam. kuryan mukha ¯ m.* in the parallel line in the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.173ab), whose Tibetan is also *de rnams su/ /mi mo dngos su yang dag bya/*. <sup>1539</sup> ba tshwa ] P; ba tsha D; cf. ba tshwa *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.174a).

<sup>1540</sup> 'phrod ] D; 'phros P.

<sup>1541</sup> mngal ] P; mang la D; cf. mngal *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.174d).

<sup>1542</sup> drod gsher ] P; dred gsher D: cf. drod gsher *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.175a).

<sup>1543</sup> 'khor lo ] D; 'khor lo'i P.

/(1) til mchog ma dang (2) phul du bde/ /(3) lha yi bu mo (4) dga' chen mo/ /(5) dga' dang (6) dgar grags (7) pad chen ma/ /(8) dung can (9) sna tshogs (10) glang chen ma//1544 /(11) gzugs chen mo dang (12) gzugs mdzes ma/1545 /(13) 'dod chags (14) rnam sgeg (15) bde ba mo/<sup>1546</sup> /(16) me tog 'dod ma (17) u tpal **(D 16r1)** dkar/ /(18) u tpal sngo dang (19) mdzes ma dang// /(20) 'dod chags ma dang (21) 'dod chags che/ /(22) rol grags ma dang (23) rol chen ma/ /(24) myos ma dang ni (25) myos dga' ma/ /(26) 'dod pa mo dang (27) 'dod chen mo// /(28) bde las byung dang (29) bde ldan ma/1547 /(30) mthun mchog ma dang **(D 16r2)** (31) byams pa mo/ /(32) skal **bzang** ldan ma (33) skal **bzang** mo/<sup>1548</sup> /(34) dma' ba mo dang (35) zhum pa mo//

/(36) skyes gzugs mar ni grags pa ste/

/rnal 'byor ma yi gtso mo mchog/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.178–182b.

(1) Tilottam¯ı ("the best sesame seed"), (2) Atisukha ("extraordinary pleasure"), (3) ¯ Apsaras¯ı (*apsaras* + female ending *¯ı*; "apsaras"), (4) Maharat ¯ ¯ı ("greatly pleased"), (5) Rat¯ı ("sexual pleasure"), (6) Ratakhy ¯ ¯ı ("named *rata¯* or pleasant"), (7) Padmin¯ı ("having a lotus"),<sup>1549</sup> (8) Sa´ nkhin ˙ ¯ı ("having a conch shell"), (9) Citrin.¯ı ("having a variety of things"), (10) Gajin¯ı ("elephant"), (11) Mahar¯ up¯ ¯ı ("great appearance"), (12) Surup¯ ¯ı ("good appearance"), (13) Kant ¯ ¯ı ("love"), (14) Vilasin ¯ ¯ı ("charming woman"), (15) Sukh¯ı ("pleasure"), (16) Pus.pakam¯ ¯ı ("wishing a flower"), (17) Kumud¯ı (water lily), (18) N¯ılotpal¯ı (blue lotus), (19) Sundar¯ı ("beautiful"), (20) Rag¯ ¯ı ("desire"), (21) Mahar¯ ag¯ ¯ı ("great desire"), (22) Ramakhy ¯ ¯ı ("named "pleasing"), (23) Maharamak ¯ ¯ı ("greatly pleasing"), (24) Madan¯ı ("love passion"), (25) Madanapriy¯ı ("love and favor"), (26) Kamin ¯ ¯ı ("amorous"), (27) Mahak¯ amin ¯ ¯ı ("very amorous"), (28) Sukhodbhava ("born of pleasure"), (29) Sukhamat ¯ ¯ı ("having pleasure"), (30) Priyatam¯ı ("dearest"), (31) Premak¯ı ("affection"), (32) Saubhagyamat ¯ ¯ı ("having

<sup>1544</sup> dung can ] D; dum can P.

<sup>1545</sup> gzugs chen mo ] D; gzugs chen ma P.

<sup>1546</sup> rnam sgeg ] D; rnams sgeg P.

<sup>1547</sup> bde ldan ma ] D; bde ldan pa P.

<sup>1548</sup> (First) skal bzang ] P; skal bzangs D ♦ (Second) skal bzang ] P; skal bzangs D.

<sup>1549</sup> *pad chen ma* (suggesting "Mahapadma"). However, her name is Padmin ¯ ¯ı according to her mantra and the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.178c). The text *pad chen ma* may be a corruption of *pad ma can*.

good fortune"), (33) Saubhagy ¯ ¯ı ("happy"), (34) Men. uk¯ı (lower woman),<sup>1550</sup> (35) Pradyumnak¯ı ("pleasant"),1551 and (36) Jatir ¯ up¯ ¯ı ("birth and form")1552 are declared to be the yogin¯ıs [on this circle], the best female leaders.

/thams cad shes rab thabs bdag nyid/ /rnam pa sna tshogs mdog de bzhin//

/phyag dang mtshon cha sngon bzhin **(D 16r3)** shes/ /legs pa'i blo gros sa de bzhin/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.182c–183b.

All [yogin¯ıs and heroes] have the nature of wisdom and means. The color [of their bodies] is manifold like [the color of the circle]. The weaponry in hand is as before, and the Eminence Level is to be known.

/dur khrod rin po cher **snang ba**/1553 /rang byung bde ba byed pa po//<sup>1554</sup>

/de phyir longs spyod rdzogs sku'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.183c–184a.

[The Knowledge Circle is] the *sma´ ´ sana ¯* ("charnel ground") [class of holy sites] and appears to be a jewel. [The yogin¯ıs and their consort heroes are] performers of self-existing pleasure. Therefore, [this layer is connected with] the Enjoyment Body.

de nas de yi phyi rol du/

(499) zla gdugs dang/ (500) 'od 'phro ba dang/ (501) dri med rgyal po dang/ (502) ye shes grags pa dang/ (503) kun du rgyal ba dang/ **(D 16r4)** (504) yon tan 'od dang/ (505) sgra grags dang/ (506) zla ba rgyas pa dang/ (507) pa dma'i 'od zer dang/ (508) brtul zhugs bzang po dang/ (509) sgron ma'i rgyal po dang/

<sup>1550</sup> The translation, "lower woman," is based on the Tibetan translation, *dma' ba mo*.

<sup>1551</sup> *zhum pa mo* ("depressed," or equivalent). It does not appear to be a translation of Pradyumnak¯ı ("pleasant," her name recited in her mantra). Her name in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* is Pradyumukh¯ı, but its Tibetan translation is the same, *zhum pa mo*.

<sup>1552</sup> The names of the male consorts of these yogin¯ıs are (1) Tilottama, (2) Atisukha, (3) Apsarasa, (4) Maharati, (5) Rati, (6) Rat ¯ akhya, (7) Padmaka, (8) ¯ Sa´ nkhin, (9) Citraka, (10) Gajaka, (11) Mah ˙ ar¯ upa, ¯ (12) Surupa, (13) K ¯ anti, (14) Vil ¯ asin, (15) Sukha, (16) Pu ¯ s.pakama, (17) Kumuda, (18) N ¯ ¯ılotpala, (19) Sundara, (20) Raga, (21) Mah ¯ ar¯ aga, (22) Ram ¯ akhya, (23) Mah ¯ aramaka, (24) Madana, (25) Madanapriya, ¯ (26) Kamika, (27) Mah ¯ ak¯ amika, (28) Sukhodbhava, (29) Sukhamati, (30) Priyatama, (31) Premaka, (32) ¯ Saubhagyamat, (33) Saubh ¯ agya, (34) Me ¯ n. uka, (35) Pradyumnaka, and (36) Jatir ¯ upa, according to their ¯ mantras.

<sup>1553</sup> snang ba ] P; sna dang D; cf. snang ba *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.183c).

<sup>1554</sup> rang byung ] D; rang 'byung P.

(499) Somacchattra, (500) Arcis.mat, (501) Vimalaraja, (502) Jñ ¯ anak ¯ ¯ırti, (503) Sam. jayin, (504) Gun. aprabha, (505) Vighus.t.a´sabda, (506) Pur¯ n. acandra, (507) Padmara´smi, (508) Suvrata, (509) Prad¯ıparaja, ¯

(510) glog gi tog dang/ (511) 'od zer rgyal po dang/ (512) skar mkhan dang/ (513) grags pa rdzogs ldan dang/ (514) pa dma'i snying po dang/ (515) rgyal dang/ (516) spyan mdzes **(D 16r5)** dang/ (517) rnyog pa med pa'i don dang/ (518) drag shul **sde ba** dang/<sup>1555</sup> (519) bsod nams gzi brjid dang/

(510) Vidyutketu, (511) Ra´smiraja, (512) Jyoti ¯ s.ka, (513) Sam. pannak¯ırti, (514) Padmagarbha, (515) Pus.ya, (516) Carulocana, (517) An ¯ avil ¯ artha, (518) Ugrasena, ¯ (519) Pun. yatejas,

(520) mthu rtsal can dang/ (521) thogs pa med pa'i blo dang/ (522) sgra gcan lha dang/ (523) ye shes **phung po** dang/1556 (524) kha lo sgyur dang/ (525) skye dbang mtshungs dang/ (526) me tog gi tog dang/ (527) sgra gcan 'dzin **(D 16r6)** dang/ (528) rtsi sman chen po dang/ (529) rgyu skar rgyal po dang/

(520) Vikrama, (521) Asangamati, (522) R ˙ ahudeva, (523) Jñ ¯ anar ¯ a´¯si, (524) Sarathi, (525) ¯ Janendrakalpa, (526) Pus.paketu, (527) Rahula, (528) Mahau ¯ s.adhi, (529) Naks.atraraja, ¯

(530) sman pa'i rgyal po dang/ (531) bsod nams glang po dang/ (532) gcod par mdzad pa dang/ (533) rnam par grags pa'i rgyal po dang/ (534) nyi ma'i 'od zer dang/ (535) chos kyi mdzod dang/ (536) blo gros bzang po dang/ (537) yon tan dbang mtshungs dang/<sup>1557</sup> (538) rdo rje'i **(D 16r7)** sde dang/ (539) shes rab brtsegs dang/

(530) Vaidyaraja, (531) Pu ¯ n. yahastin, (532) Taks.aka, (533) Vighus.t.araja, (534) ¯ Suryara´ ¯ smi, (535) Dharmako´sa, (536) Sumati, (537) Gun. endrakalpa, (538) Vajrasena, (539) Prajñak¯ ut¯ .a,

(540) legs par gnas pa dang/ (541) blo sbyangs dang/ (542) tshangs pa'i dbyangs dang/ (543) yon tan mchog dang/ (544) 'brug sgra dbyangs dang/ (545) mngon par shes pa'i tog dang/ (546) tog gi 'od dang/ (547) dge ba dang/ (548) tshangs pa dang/ (549) skyes mchog dang/

<sup>1555</sup> sde ba ] *em.*; bde ba DP; cf. sde *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 99r5).

<sup>1556</sup> phung po ] P; dung po or ngung po D; cf. phung *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 99r5).

<sup>1557</sup> yon tan dbang ] D; yon tan P.

(540) Susthita, (541) C¯ırn. abuddhi, (542) Brahmaghos.a, (543) Gun. ottama, (544) Garjitasvara, (545) Abhijñaketu, (546) Ketuprabha, (547) K ¯ s.ema, (548) Brahman, (549) Pum. gava,

(550) spyan **(D 16v1)** sdug pa dang/ (551) klus byin pa dang/ (552) bden pa'i tog dang/ (553) brgyan pa dang/1558 (554) zhum pa med pa'i dbyangs dang/ (555) rin chen 'od dang/ (556) dbyangs byin dang/ (557) seng ge dang/ (558) 'od zer sna tshogs dang/ (559) ye shes dpa' bo dang/

(550) Lad. itanetra, (551) Nagadatta, (552) Satyaketu, (553) Ma ¯ n. d. ita, (554) Ad¯ınaghos.a, (555) Ratnaprabha, (556) Ghos.adatta, (557) Sim. ha, (558) Citrara´smi, (559) Jñana´ ¯ sura, ¯

(560) pa dma'i phung po dang/ (561) me tog rgyas pa dang/ (562) mthu rtsal stabs dang/1559 **(D 16v2)** (563) bsod nams phung po dang/ (564) gzugs mchog dang/ (565) skar mkhan dang/ (566) zla ba'i sgron ma dang/ (567) **gzi brjid** phung po dang/1560 (568) byang chub rgyal po dang/ (569) mi zad pa dang/1561

(560) Padmara´¯si, (561) Pus.pita, (562) Vikrantag ¯ amin, (563) Pu ¯ n. yara´¯si, (564) Sre ´ s.t.harupa, (565) Jyoti ¯ s.ka, (566) Candraprad¯ıpa, (567) Tejora´¯si, (568) Bodhiraja, ¯ (569) Aks.aya,

(570) mngon rtogs spyan dang/ (571) yan lag rgyas pa dang/ (572) yul 'khor dang shes rab dang/ (573) mchog dang/ (574) gzi brjid **(D 16v3)** tshim mdzad dang/ (575) shes rab 'byin dang/ (576) 'jam pa'i dbyangs dang/ (577) chags pa med pa'i mdzod dang/ (578) gtso bos byin dang/ (579) gtso bo dang/

(570) Subuddhinetra, (571) Purit ¯ a¯nga, (572) Prajñ ˙ ar¯ a¯s.t.ra, (573) Uttama, (574) Tos.itatejas, (575) Prajñadatta, (576) Mañjugho ¯ s.a, (577) Asangako´ ˙ sa, (578) Jyes.t.hadatta, (579) Sres ´ .t.ha,

(580) ye shes mthu rtsal dang/ (581) 'od 'phro can dang/ (582) dbang po dang/ (583) shugs 'chang dang/ (584) skar rgyal dang/ (585) 'od bzangs dang/1562 (586) grags pa byin **(D 16v4)** dang/ (587) gzugs bzang po dang/ (588) rgyal po dang/ (589) don grub pa dang/

<sup>1558</sup> brgyan pa ] D; rgyan pa P.

<sup>1559</sup> rtsal ] D; stsal P.

<sup>1560</sup> gzi brjid ] P; gzi brjed D.

<sup>1561</sup> zad pa ] D; bzad pa P.

<sup>1562</sup> bzangs ] D; bzang P.

(580) Jñanavikrama, (581) Arci ¯ s.mat, (582) Indra, (583) Vegadharin, (584) Ti ¯ s.ya, (585) Suprabha, (586) Ya´sodatta, (587) Surupa, (588) R ¯ ajan, (589) Arthasiddhi, ¯

(590) seng ge'i sde dang/ (591) nor bu'i lha dang/ (592) grags pa dang/ (593) rgyal ba dang/ (594) **rgya chen** snying po dang/1563 (595) bsod nams 'od zer dang/ (596) smrang 'don pa dang/<sup>1564</sup> (597) sgron ma'i rgyal po dang/ (598) ye shes brtsegs pa dang/ (599) lha mchog **(D 16v5)** dang/

(590) Sim. hasena, (591) Vasava, ¯ <sup>1565</sup> (592) Ya´sas, (593) Jaya, (594) Udaragarbha, (595) ¯ Pun. yara´smi, (596) Srotriya, (597) Prad ´ ¯ıparaja, (598) Jñ ¯ anak ¯ ut¯ .a, (599) Uttamadeva,

(600) sa bdag dang/ (601) rnam grol brnyes dang/ (602) gtsug gi gser dang/ (603) sgra gcan bzang po dang/ (604) thub dka' dang/ (605) thub gsal dang/ (606) zla ba'i 'od zer dang/ (607) gser gyi 'od dang/<sup>1566</sup> (608) legs byin dang/ (609) lha'i yon tan dbang po dang/

(600) Parthiva, (601) Vimuktil ¯ abhin, (602) Suvar ¯ n. acu¯d. a, (603) Rahubhadra, (604) ¯ Durjaya, (605) Muniprasanna, (606) Somara´smi, (607) Kañcanaprabha, (608) Sudatta, ¯ (609) Gun. endradeva,

(610) chos kyi gdugs dang/ (611) bsod nams lag **(D 16v6)** dang/<sup>1567</sup> (612) chags med dang/ (613) ye shes gya nom dang/ (614) blo zhib mo dang/ (615) gzi byin thams cad dang/ (616) rtsi sman dang/ (617) rnam grol tog dang/ (618) 'od kyi mdzod dang/ (619) ye shes rgyal po dang/

(610) Dharmacchattra, (611) Pun. yabahu, (612) Asa ¯ nga, (613) Pra ˙ n.¯ıtajñana, (614) ¯ Suk¯ s.mabuddhi, (615) Sarvatejas, (616) Os.adhi, (617) Vimuktaketu, (618) Prabhako´ ¯ sa, (619) Jñanar ¯ aja, ¯

(620) 'jigs mdzad dang/ (621) chu bo **spong ba** dang/1568 (622) thogs med grags pa dang/ (623) bden pa'i phung po dang/ **(D 16v7)** (624) dbyangs snyan dang/ (625) ri dbang mtshungs dang/ (626) chos brtsegs dang/1569 (627) thar pa'i gzi byin dang/ (628) legs 'dzin dang/ (629) rab tu zhi ba'i sku dang/

<sup>1563</sup> rgya chen ] *em.*; rgyal chen DP; cf. rgya chen *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 99v3).

<sup>1564</sup> 'don pa ] D; 'dod pa P.

<sup>1565</sup> *Nor bu'i lha* for Vasava. Although it makes sense, the text is perhaps a corruption of ¯ *nor lha'i bu* (*Bhadrakalpika*, D 94, 99v2).

<sup>1566</sup> 'od ] D; 'od zer P.

<sup>1567</sup> lag ] D; lags P.

<sup>1568</sup> spong ba ] P; sbong ba D; cf. spong *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 99v4).

<sup>1569</sup> brtsegs ] D; rtsegs P.

(620) Bh¯ıs.an. a, (621) Oghaks.aya, (622) Asangak ˙ ¯ırti, (623) Satyara´¯si, (624) Susvara, (625) Gir¯ındrakalpa, (626) Dharmaku¯t.a, (627) Moks.atejas, (628) Sobhita, ´ <sup>1570</sup> (629) Pra´santag ¯ atra, ¯

(630) yid du 'ong ba'i gsung dang/ (631) blo sbyangs pa dang/ (632) chu lha dang/ (633) 'gro bas mchod dang/ (634) seng ge'i logs dang/ (635) chos kyi mthu rtsal dang/ (636) skal **(D 17r1)** pa bzang po dang/<sup>1571</sup> (637) mi 'khrugs pa'i mdog dang/ (638) gzi brjid rgyal po dang/ (639) rtogs mdzad dang/

(630) Manojñavakya, (631) C ¯ ¯ırn. abuddhi, (632) Varun. a, (633) Jagatpujita, (634) ¯ Sim. hapar´ ¯ sva, (635) Dharmavikramin, (636) Subhaga, (637) Ak ¯ s.obhyavarn. a, (638) Tejoraja, (639) Bodhana, ¯

(640) spyan legs pa dang/ (641) don la gnas pa'i blo mnga' ba dang/ (642) snang ba'i 'od zer dang/ (643) spos kyi gzi brjid dang/ (644) kun du dga' bar mdzad pa dang/ (645) don yod par **(D 17r2)** gshegs pa dang/ (646) khro ba bcom dang/ (647) gzugs mchog dang/ (648) legs gshegs dang/ (649) rab tu sbyin par grags dang/

(640) Sulocana, (641) Sthitarthabuddhi, (642) ¯ Abh ¯ asara´ ¯ smi, (643) Gandhatejas, (644) Sam. tos.an. a, (645) Amoghagamin, (646) Bhasmakrodha, (647) Varar ¯ upa, (648) ¯ Sukrama, (649) Pradanak ¯ ¯ırti,

(650) 'od gtsang dang/ (651) lha'i nyi ma dang/<sup>1572</sup> (652) shes rab byin pa dang/1573 (653) mnyam par gzhag pa'i bdag nyid dang/1574 (654) gzi mdangs dang/ (655) rgyal rigs dang/ (656) skal **(D 17r3)** ldan shing rta dang/ (657) gser mchog dang/ (658) rnam par grol ba'i **gtsug** dang/1575 (659) chos ldan dang/

(650) Suddhaprabha, (651) Devas ´ urya, (652) Prajñ ¯ adatta, (653) Sam ¯ ahit ¯ atman, ¯ (654) Ojastejas, (655) Ks.atriya, (656) Bhag¯ ¯ırathin,<sup>1576</sup> (657) Suvarn. ottama, (658) Vimuktacud¯ . a, (659) Dharmika, ¯

<sup>1570</sup> For Sobhita, the text is ´ *legs 'dzin*. In the *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 99v5), the Tibetan translation of his name is *legs mdzad*.

<sup>1571</sup> skal pa ] D; bskal pa P.

<sup>1572</sup> lha'i ] D; lha yi P.

<sup>1573</sup> shes rab ] D; shas rab P.

<sup>1574</sup> gzhag pa'i ] D; bzhag pa'i P.

<sup>1575</sup> gtsug ] *em.*; gtsug lag DP; cf. gtsug *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 99v7)

<sup>1576</sup> I have chosen Bhag¯ ¯ırathin from the *Sarvavadrodaya¯* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 24).

(660) spos gnas dang/ (661) dregs spangs dang/ (662) ye shes mdzod dang/ (663) tshangs par gshegs dang/ (664) tsa ndan dang/<sup>1577</sup> (665) mya ngan med dang/ (666) seng ge'i 'od zer dang/ (667) yul 'khor tog dang/ (668) pa dma'i **(D 17r4)** snying po dang/ (669) gzi brjid mtha' yas dang/

(660) Sthitagandha, (661) Madaprah¯ın. a, (662) Jñanako´ ¯ sa, (663) Brahmagamin, (664) ¯ Candana, (665) A´soka, (666) Sim. hara´smi, (667) Ketura¯s.t.ra, (668) Padmagarbha, (669) Anantatejas,

(670) lha'i 'od zer dang/ (671) shes rab **me tog** dang/1578 (672) mkhas pa dang/ (673) ye shes 'byor ldan dang/ (674) tshangs pa'i dbyig dang/ (675) phyag na rin chen dang/ (676) dbang ldan dang/ (677) rdzogs par gsungs dang/ (678) mchog tu gsungs dang/ (679) mchod 'os dang/**(D 17r5)**

(670) Devara´smi, (671) Prajñapu ¯ s.pa, (672) Vidvas, (673) Samr.ddhajñana, (674) ¯ Brahmavasu, (675) Ratnapa¯n. i, (676) Indrama, (677) Anupamavadin, (678) ¯ Jyes.t.havadin, (679) P ¯ ujya, ¯

(680) skar rgyal dang/ (681) nyi ma dang/ (682) 'dam las rgyal ba dang/ (683) ye shes brnyes pa dang/ (684) grub pa dang/ (685) rma bya dang/ (686) chos byin dang/ (687) phan par bzhed pa dang/ (688) ye shes ldan pa dang/ (689) grags pa dang/

(680) Tis.ya, (681) Surya, (682) Utt ¯ ¯ırn. apanka, (683) Jñ ˙ anapr ¯ apta, (684) Siddhi, (685) ¯ Mayura, (686) Dh ¯ armika, ¯ <sup>1579</sup> (687) Hitais.in, (688) Jñanin, (689) Ya´ ¯ sas,

(690) 'od zer gyi dra ba dang/ (691) rnam par bcom pa dang/ (692) bai d. u rya'i snying po dang/ (693) me tog dang/ ¯ **(D 17r6)** (694) lha'i rgyal po dang/ (695) zla ba dang/ (696) dran pa'i 'od dang/ (697) dge ba'i 'od dang/ (698) yon tan mchog ma kun gyi 'od dang/ (699) rin po che'i dpal dang/

(690) Jalara´ ¯ smi, (691) Vijita, (692) Vaid. uryagarbha, (693) Pu ¯ s.pa, (694) Devaraja, (695) ¯ Sa´ ´ sin, (696) Smr.tiprabha, (697) Ku´salaprabha, (698) Sarvavaragun. aprabha, (699) Ratna´sr¯ı,

(700) skyes bu zla ba dang/ (701) sgra gcan dang/ (702) bdud rtsi'i 'od dang/ (703) 'jigs rten gyi mchog dang/ (704) skar ma'i 'od dang/ (705)

<sup>1577</sup> tsa ndan ] D; tsan dan P.

<sup>1578</sup> me tog ] *em.*; tog DP; cf. me tog *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 100r1).

<sup>1579</sup> I have chosen Dharmika from (Weller 1928, p. 87) and the Sarvavajroday ¯ a (Moriguchi 1989, p. 26). ¯ However, (Weller 1928, p. 87) also has Dharmada, which is nearer to *chos byin*.

zhi ba'i stobs dang/ (706) ye shes rgya mtsho **(D 17r7)** dang/ (707) ri bo'i dbang po dang/ (708) rab tu zhi ba dang/ (709) yon tan mtha' yas pa'i stobs dang/

(700) Gun. acandra,1580 (701) Rahu, (702) Am ¯ r.taprabha, (703) Lokajyes.t.ha, (704) Jyotis.prabha, (705) S´antagati, ¯ <sup>1581</sup> (706) Jñanas ¯ agara, (707) Parvatendra, (708) Pra´ ¯ santa, ¯ (709) Gun. akot.ibala,

(710) lha'i dbang po dang/ (711) dbyangs snyan dang/ (712) ngos bzangs dang/1582 (713) don la gnas pa dang/ (714) yon tan gzi brjid dpal dang/ (715) mkhyen ldan zla med dang/ (716) nga ro dpag med dang/ (717) 'od bzangs dang/1583 **(D 17v1)** (718) shin tu thugs gzhungs dang/ (719) don dgongs gti mug bral ba dang/

(710) Deve´svara, (711) Mañjughos.a, (712) Supar´ ¯ sva, (713) Sthitartha, (714) Gu ¯ n. ateja´sr¯ı, (715) Anuttarajñanin, (716) Amitasvara, (717) Sukh ¯ abha, ¯ <sup>1584</sup> (718) Sumedhas, (719) Vigatamoharthacintin, ¯

(720) dbyangs kyi yan lag khyad 'phags dang/ (721) mchog tu mdzes par gshegs dang/1585 (722) zhi ba'i don dang/ (723) skyon med dang/ (724) blo sbyangs dge ba dang/ (725) pa dma'i mdzod dang/ (726) 'od zer bzang po dang/ (727) spobs pa'i **(D 17v2)** mdog dang/ (728) stegs bzang po dang/ (729) tshogs kyi dbang po dang/

(720) Vi´sis.t.hasvara¯nga, (721) La ˙ d. itagrag ¯ amin, (722) ¯ S´ant ¯ artha, (723) Ado ¯ s.a, (724) Subhac ´ ¯ırn. abuddhi, (725) Padmottara,<sup>1586</sup> (726) Sura´smi, (727) Pratibhanavar ¯ n. a, (728) Sut¯ırtha, (729) Gan. endra,

(730) bsnyengs pa dang bral ba dang/ (731) ye shes bzhed pa dang/ (732) spobs pa'i spyan dang/ (733) blo'i mchog dang/ (734) zla ba dang/ (735) rin chen zla 'od dang/ (736) bsnyengs pa med pa dang/ (737) gzigs pa med pa dang/ (738) tshangs pa'i dbyangs dang/ **(D 17v3)** (739) dbyangs bzang po dang/

<sup>1580</sup> Gun. acandra for *skyes bu zla ba*. The *Sarvavajrodaya¯* also has Gun. acandra for *skyes bu zla ba* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 26).

<sup>1581</sup> *Zhi ba'i stobs* for S´antagati, alternatively Gamana´ ¯ siva (Moriguchi 1989, p. 26). The text should be *zhi ba'i stabs* (which can be found in the *Bhadrakalpika*, D 94, 322r), but it is also *zhi stobs* in the parallel passage in the *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 100r3).

<sup>1582</sup> bzangs ] D; bzang P.

<sup>1583</sup> bzangs ] D; bzang P.

<sup>1584</sup> Sukhabha for ¯ *'od bzangs* or *'od bzang*. The *Sarvavajrodaya¯* also has Sukhabha for ¯ *'od bzangs* (Moriguchi 1989, pp. 26–27).

<sup>1585</sup> gshegs ] D; gshegs pa P.

<sup>1586</sup> Padmottara for pa dma'i mdzod. This is also the case in the *Sarvavajrodaya¯* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 26).

(730) Vigatabhaya, (731) Jñanaruci, (732) Pratibh ¯ anacak ¯ s.us, (733) Varabuddhi, (734) Candra, (735) Ratnabhacandra, ¯ <sup>1587</sup> (736) Abhaya, (737) Mahadar´ ¯ sana,1588 (738) Brahmaruta, (739) Sughos.a,

(740) shes rab chen po'i stegs dang/ (741) blo gros zla med dang/ (742) rdo rje mkhregs pa dang/<sup>1589</sup> (743) byang chub blo gros dang/ (744) ljon shing dbang po dang/ (745) gdangs snyan pa dang/ (746) bsod nams kyi stobs dang/ (747) mthu'i dpal rnams so//

(740) Mahaprajñ ¯ at¯ ¯ırtha, (741) Asamabuddhi, (742) Vajrasam. hata,<sup>1590</sup> (743) Buddhimati, (744) Drumendra, (745) Ghos.asvara, (746) Pun. yabala, and (747) Sthama´ ¯ sr¯ı.

/shar la sogs pa'i sgo bzhi ru/ /**(D 17v4)** rnal 'byor ma rnams rim bzhin du/

/(1) dkar mo (2) chom rkun (3) ro langs ma/1591 /(4) za phod ma yang rnam par dgod//

/grwa la gnas pa'i lha mo bzhi/ /(5) sbos mo (6) ri khrod ma de bzhin/ /(7) gtum mo dang ni (8) g-yung mo ste/ /rim pas sngon bzhin brtag ces bya//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.185–186.

[These] yogin¯ıs [reside] at the four gates starting with the east in order: (1) Gaur¯ı, (2) Caur¯ı, (3) Vetal¯ ¯ı, and (4) Ghasmar¯ı. He should place [them], again. The four goddesses residing in the [four] corners are (5) Pukkas¯ı, (6) Sabar ´ ¯ı, (7) Can. d. al¯ ¯ı, and (8) D. ombin¯ı (D. omb¯ı) in order. [These yogin¯ıs] are to be discerned as before.

/dkyil 'khor 'khor lo gsum **(D 17v5)** pa la/ /dga' ba bzhi ni dag pa yis/ /kun nas ri mo bzhi can no//1592

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.184b–d.

Four lines are [drawn] in terms of the purity of the Fourfold Pleasure on the circuit of [this] man. d. ala (layer) [comprising] the three circles.

<sup>1587</sup> I have chosen Ratnabhacandra from the ¯ *Sarvavajrodaya¯* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 28).

<sup>1588</sup> *Gzigs pa med pa* (Adar´sana?) for Mahadar´ ¯ sana. The text is perhaps a corruption of *gzigs pa chen po* (see *gzigs pa che*, *Bhadrakalpika*, D 94, 100r5).

<sup>1589</sup> mkhregs pa ] D; mkhregs P.

<sup>1590</sup> Emendation of Vajrasam. hatabuddhi from the *Sarvavajrodaya¯* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 28).

<sup>1591</sup> dkar mo ] D; dkar po P.

<sup>1592</sup> bzhi ] D; bzhin P.

/phyi rol dur khrod 'khor lo ni/ /chu yi dkyil 'khor dbus su ste/ /(1) byis pa gsod dang (2) lhag ma za/ /(3) g-yul drag po dang (4) mche ba kun//1593 /shar la sogs pa g-yon skor du/ /de ltar brtse ba chen pos bsam/ /**(D 17v6)** (5) du ba mun nag nang gi (6) me/ /(7) ha h¯ a'i sgra dang (8) sgra ¯ chen no//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.187–188.

A circle of charnel grounds is outside [the four gates and four corners] in the interior of the Knowledge Circle. (1) Balam ¯ r.tyu, (2) \*Si´ s.t.abhaks.a,1594 (3) Ghorayuddha, and (4) Sarvadam. sa´ <sup>1595</sup> are in [the four cardinal directions] starting with the east and going counterclockwise. Being greatly compassionate, visualize in this way [in the four intermediate directions]!1596 [They are] (5) Dhum¯ andhak ¯ ara, (6) Agni, ¯ <sup>1597</sup> (7) Hah¯ arava, and (8) Mah ¯ arava. ¯

/shing ni (1) tsa ndan (2) ga pur dang/<sup>1598</sup> /(3) dza ti pha la dang (4) e la/ ¯ /(5) na ga ge sar (6) tsam pa dang/ /(7) kun du ru dang (8) lha yi shing// ¯ /phyogs skyong rnams ni mtshon bya ba/ /(1) nyi ma (2) bsil ba (3) sa yi bu/

/(4) ri bong can skyes (5) bla ma nyid/ /(6) ngan spong (7) nyi ma'i **(D 17v7)** bu de bzhin//

/(8) lha min mgo bor shes bya ste/ /drag po'i gdong rnams su bya'o/ /'bar ba ral gri chu gri dang/ /mdung **ring** spu gri brag de bzhin//1599 /glog dang sna tshogs mtshon 'bebs par/ /dur khrod kyi ni dbus su bya/1600

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.189–192b.

The trees are (1) a *candana*, (2) a *karpura ¯* , (3) a *jat¯ ¯ıphala*, (4) an *ela¯*, (5) a *nagakesara ¯* , (6) a *campaka*, (7) a *kunduru*, and (8) a *devadaru ¯* . He should also know the guardians of direction. (1) Ravi (Sun), (2) S´¯ıtala (Moon), (3) Bhusuta (Mars), (4) ¯ Sa´ ´ sisuta (Mercury),

<sup>1593</sup> drag po ] D; grags po P.

<sup>1594</sup> *lhag ma za*. The Sanskrit name "Si´ s.t.abhaks.a" is conjectural. Sanskrit manuscripts of the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* say *ves.t.abhaks. a* (whose Tibetan translation is also *lhag ma za*) (15.187c).

<sup>1595</sup> *mche ba kun*. The Sanskrit name "Sarvadam. sa" is conjectural. It is Savada ´ m. sava (for Savada ´ m. saka, ´ whose Tibetan translation is also *mche ba kun*) in the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.187d).

<sup>1596</sup> The verb *bsam* is *cintaya* (imperative, second person) in the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.188b).

<sup>1597</sup> I have translated the text *du ba mun nag nang gi me* (literally, "Dhum¯ andhak ¯ ara interior Agni") as ¯ *du ba mun nag dang ni me* (*dhum¯ andhak ¯ ara agni´ ¯ s ca*), following the text in the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.188c).

<sup>1598</sup> tsa ndan ] D; tsan dan P.

<sup>1599</sup> ring ] *em.*; rings DP; cf. ring *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.191d).

<sup>1600</sup> dur khrod kyi ] D; dur khrod kyis P.

(5) Guru (Jupiter), (6) Bhr.gu (Venus), (7) Ravitanaya (Saturn), and (8) Daitya´siras are to be discerned. He should make [their] faces appear violent. A flame (or torch), a sword, a short sword, a long lance, a razor, a rock, and a bolt of lightning—he should place various weapons in the middle of [each of] the charnel grounds.

/ral gri mig sman ri lu dang/ /rkang pa byug dang bcud **(D 18r1)** len dang/

/mchil lham dngul chu sa 'og gi/ /dngos grub bsgrub pa **mkhas pas** bya//1601

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.192c–f.

The wise can attain the accomplishments of the sword, eye-ointment, pill, foot-ointment, alchemy, shoes, quicksilver, and the underworld.

zhes bya ba ni ye shes kyi 'khor lo ste/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.193.

The Knowledge Circle is thus [taught].

longs spyod rdzogs pa'i dkyil 'khor 'khor lo gsum gyi bdag nyid do//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.194.

The Enjoyment Layer, [the third layer] comprising the three circles.

*9.3.11. The Emanation Layer (1): Mind Circle*

/de nas de yi phyi rol 'chad/ /thugs **(D 18r2)** kyi 'khor lo 'di gsal ba'o/ /mdog **nag** sum cu rtsa drug rtsibs/<sup>1602</sup> /thams cad rang bzhin skyes pa mchog//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.195.

Now, outside that, I shall explain this, the Mind Circle, clearly, [which is] black in color, [is provided with] thirty-six spokes, emerges from the intrinsic nature of all (i.e., the mind), and is excellent.

/(1) klu mo (2) gnod sbyin mo (3) 'byung mo/ /(4) yi dwags (5) dmyal mo (6) mnar med ma/1603

<sup>1601</sup> mkhas pas ] P; mkhas par D; cf. mkhas pas *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.192f).

<sup>1602</sup> mdog nag ] *em.*; mdog rnams DP; cf. mdog nag *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.195c)

<sup>1603</sup> yi dwags ] D; yi dags P ♦ mnar med ma ] D; mnar med mo P.

/(7) ltung ba mo dang (8) bar med ma/ /(9) bum mo (10) gshin rje ma de bzhin// /(11) thig nag ma dang (12) me **(D 18r3)** mdag mo/ /(13) tsha ba mo dang (14) rab tsha mo/ /(15) ngu 'bod ma dang (16) ngu 'bod che/1604 /(17) mar nag du 'tshed (18) ri gnyis 'tshir//1605 /(19) sdang ma (20) rmongs ma (21) phrag dog ma/ /(22) chags (23) myos ser sna (24) skud pa ma/ /(25) grang ma (26) ral gri'i nags ma nyid/ /(27) **ngu ma** dang ni (28) mu ge ma//1606 /(29) nad dgon ma dang (30) mtshon gyi dang/ /(31) chu yi **(D 18r4)** dgon pa ma dang ni/ /(32) ral gri sen mo (33) rab med ma/

/(34) spu gri'i so ma (35) 'khor lo ma//

/(36) grul bum mo ste lha mo che/

/mdog ni 'khor lo ji 'dra ba'o/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.196–200b.

(1) Nagin ¯ ¯ı (female naga), (2) Yak ¯ s.in.¯ı (female yaks.a), (3) Bhutin ¯ ¯ı (female bhuta), (4) ¯ Pret¯ı (female preta), (5) Narak¯ı ("hell"), (6) Av¯ıc¯ı (the lowest hell), (7) Patak ¯ ¯ı ("crime"), (8) Anantar¯ı (the sin of "immediate" dretribution), (9) Kumbh¯ı ("jar," a word that constitutes some hells' names), and (10) Yamastriya ("Yama's female attendant"), ¯ <sup>1607</sup> (11) Kalas ¯ utr ¯ ¯ı (the "black line" hell), (12) Kukul ¯ ¯ı (the "chaff" hell), (13) Tapan¯ı (the "hot" hell), (14) Pratapan ¯ ¯ı (the "very hot" hell), (15) Raurav¯ı (the "crying" hell), (16) Maharaurav ¯ ¯ı (the "great crying" hell), (17) Tailapac¯ı (the "frying in sesame oil" hell), (18) Dviparvat¯ı ("two mountains"),<sup>1608</sup> (19) Dves.¯ı ("hatred"), (20) Moh¯ı (delusion), (21) ¯ Irs.y¯ı ("envy"), (22) Rag¯ ¯ı ("greed"), (23) Madamanas ¯ ar¯ ¯ı ("loss of control and high pride"),<sup>1609</sup> (24) Sutrik ¯ ¯ı ("thread"), (25) S´¯ıtak¯ı (the "cold" hell), (26) Asivan¯ı (the "sword grove" hell), (27) Krandan¯ı ("lamenting"), (28) Durbhiks.ak¯ı ("famine"), (29) Rogakant ¯ ar¯ ¯ı ("disease forest"), (30) Sastrak ´ ant ¯ ar¯ ¯ı ("weapon forest"), (31) Pan¯ ¯ıyakant ¯ ar¯ ¯ı ("water forest"), (32) Asinakh¯ı ("sword nails"), (33) Vaitaran.¯ı (the "difficult to cross" hell), (34) Ks.uradhar¯ ¯ı (the "razor-holding" hell), (35) Cakrak¯ı

<sup>1604</sup> ngu 'bod che ] D; nga 'bod che P.

<sup>1605</sup> mar nag du 'tshed ] D; mar nag dug 'tshod P.

<sup>1606</sup> ngu ma ] P; rngu ma D; cf. du ma (which may be a corruption of ngu ma) *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.198d).

<sup>1607</sup> Yamastriya is not instrumental. See her name in her mantra ( ¯ *yamastriyayai ¯* ).

<sup>1608</sup> This is her name recited in her mantra and taught in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. avara* (15.197d). The Tibetan text is ri gnyis 'tshir, which means "crushing (by) two mountains".

<sup>1609</sup> *myos ser sna*. In her mantra, she is called Madamanas ¯ ar¯ ¯ı. She is Madamatsar¯ ¯ı in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.198b), whose Tibetan is also *myos ser sna*.

("discus"), and (36) Kumbha¯n. d.¯ı (female kumbha¯n. d. a) are great goddesses [on this circle].<sup>1610</sup> The color [of their bodies] is the same as [the color] of the circle (viz., black).

/phyag na mtshon cha sngon bzhin du/ /shes bya rang gi gzugs can no// /de la nye ba'i dur khrod dang/ /de nas sa ni chos kyi sprin/ /**(D 18r5)** sems kyi rang bzhin dag pa nyid/ /kun 'gro 'khor lo can du 'dod//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.200c–201.

The weaponry in hand are as [mentioned] before. [Every yogin¯ı] is to be known as having one's own nature. In this regard, [the Mind] Circle is understood as [having the nature of] the *upa´sma´sana ¯* ("near to the charnel ground") [holy site], [the nature of] the Dharma-Cloud Level, and the purity of the nature of the mind, and as all-pervading [like the mind].

/rang bzhin spangs pas bdag med pa/ /'khor lo can sar bzhugs pa'o/ /'khor lo rnams ni rim ji bzhin/ /thams cad de ltar shes par bya// /gnas bzhi rnams la bcu gnyis so/1611 /de ltar **(D 18r6)** bcu drug **shes** bya ba/1612 /stong pa nyid du mkhas pa yi//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.202–203.

Devoid of its intrinsic nature, the circle is selfless and is on the ground.1613 The four seats and twelve [seats for the gatekeepers] should be discerned likewise in all layers in sequence.1614 Should the sixteen [gatekeepers] thus [taught] be discerned as the [Sixteen] Emptinesses, [he is] wise.

<sup>1610</sup> The names of the male consorts of these yogin¯ıs are (1) Naga, (2) Yak ¯ s.a, (3) Bhuta, (4) Preta, (5) Naraka, ¯ (6) Av¯ıci, (7) Pataka, (8) Anantara, (9) Kumbhaka, (10) Yamapuru ¯ s.a, (11) Kalas ¯ utra, (12) Kuk ¯ ula, (13) ¯ Tapana, (14) Pratapana, (15) Raurava, (16) Mah ¯ araurava, (17) Tailapaca, (18) Dviparvata, (19) Dve ¯ s.a, (20) Moha, (21) ¯ Irs.ya, (22) Raga, (23) Madanam ¯ anas ¯ ara, (24) S ¯ utrika, (25) ¯ S´¯ıtaka, (26) Asivanaka, (27) Krandana, (28) Durbhiks.aka, (29) Rogakant ¯ ara, (30) ¯ Sastrak ´ ant ¯ araka, (31) P ¯ an¯ ¯ıyakant ¯ araka, (32) ¯ Asinakha, (33) Vaitaran. a, (34) Ks.uradhara, (35) Cakraka, and (36) Kumbh ¯ a¯n. d. a, according to their mantras.

<sup>1611</sup> This line is devoid of one *pada ¯* that is present in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.203ab): /*sgo skyong ma ni thams cad kyi/ /gnas bzhi rnams ni bcu gnyis so/* (*dvarap ¯ al¯ ¯ı ca sarves. am¯ . catuh.sthan¯ ani dv ¯ ada´ ¯ sam*).

<sup>1612</sup> shes bya ba ] *em.*; ces bya ba DP; cf. shes bya ba *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.203c).

<sup>1613</sup> The text *sar bzhugs pa'o* ("are on the ground") is possible, but the Sanskrit text *bhuvo bahih.* ("outside the ground [of this circle, there are gatekeepers ...]") in the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.202b) seems better.

<sup>1614</sup> This means as follows: Every layer has four gatekeepers. Because there are four layers, there are sixteen gatekeepers in total number.

/ye shes rnam shes ngo bo'i phyir/ /dur khrod bcom ldan 'das rang nyid/ /sprul pa'i 'khor lo 'di la ni/ /gsum gyi bdag nyid ming gis so//1615 /phyi nas gzhan ni thams cad ni/1616 /'khor lo gnyis su shes **(D 18r7)** par bya//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.204.

Owing to the nature of [both] gnosis and discerning, [the circle] itself has the charnel grounds, the fortunate ones. This [circle] is among the three circles in the Emanation [Layer] by name. Subsequently, the other two circles, all [of both], are explained.

thugs kyi 'khor lo'i dad po'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.205.

The Mind Circle, the first, [is thus taught].

*9.3.12. The Emanation Layer (2): Speech Circle*

/de nas phyi rol du gzhan pa/ /gsung gi 'khor lo de bshad pa/1617 /dmar po btsod kyi kha dog ste/ /sum cu drug rtsibs bdag nyid gtso//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.206.

Now, outside, is another [circle], the Speech Circle. That is explained. [It is] madder red in color, consists of thirty-six spokes, and is powerful.

/(1) mchod pa (2) za ma (3) **gnyid ma** dang/<sup>1618</sup> /(4) le lo ma (5) chos sems (6) sgom mo/ /(7) khyim sems (8) bud **(D 18v1)** med sems ma dang/ /(9) don sems ma dang (10) sbyor bral ma// /(11) bu sems rnams dang (12) mya ngan ma/ /(13) bsam gtan ma dang (14) sngags zlos ma/ /(15) ngo tsha (16) nga rgyal (17) gdungs pa mo/ /(18) sems can don byed brtson ma dang// /(19) rgyal po sems ma (20) gzhan gnod ma/ /(21) ye shes thob ma (22) dka' thub ma/ /**(D 18v2)** (23) rgas ma (24) 'chi ba'i bsam can ma/<sup>1619</sup>

<sup>1615</sup> ming gis ] D; mid gis P.

<sup>1616</sup> gzhan ni ] D; gzhan na P.

<sup>1617</sup> bshad pa ] D; bshad bya P.

<sup>1618</sup> gnyid ma ] *em.*; gnyis ma DP; cf. gnyid ma *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.207a).

<sup>1619</sup> bsam can ma ] D; bsam ba can P.

/(25) bde ma (26) sdug ma (27) mi dge ma// /(28) yod dang (29) med dang gnyis dang ni/

/(30) bla ma sems ma (31) 'gro ba mo/1620

/(32) bzod ma (33) mi bzod ma (34) ngal ma/

/(35) ngal sos ma dang (36) bkres pa mchog//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.207–210.

[The yogin¯ıs are] (1) Puj ¯ a ("worship," for P ¯ uj ¯ acint ¯ ¯ı), (2) Bhaks.a ("eating," ¯ for Bhaks.acint¯ı), (3) Nidra ("sleeping," for Nidr ¯ acint ¯ ¯ı), (4) Alasy ¯ a ("idleness," ¯ for Alasyacint ¯ ¯ı), (5) Dharmacint¯ı ("considering the *dharma*"), (6) Bhavan ¯ a¯ ("visualization," for Bhavan ¯ acint ¯ ¯ı), (7) Gr.hacint¯ı ("considering household"), (8) Str¯ıcint¯ı ("considering a woman"), (9) Arthacint¯ı ("considering benefits"), (10) Viyogaka ("separation," for Viyogacint ¯ ¯ı), (11) Putracint¯ı ("considering a son"), (12) Sok ´ a ("ardor," for ¯ Sokacint ´ ¯ı), (13) Dhyan¯ a ("meditation," for Dhy ¯ anacint ¯ ¯ı), (14) Mantrajapik ¯ a ("reciting a mantra," for Mantrajapacint ¯ ¯ı), (15) Hr¯ıka ("shame," ¯ for Hr¯ıcint¯ı), (16) Man¯ a ("arrogance," for M ¯ anacint ¯ ¯ı), (17) Sam. tap¯ a ("pain," for ¯ Sam. tapacint ¯ ¯ı), (18) Sattvarthakara ¯ n. odyama ("undertaking the action for the benefit ¯ of sentient beings," for Sattvarthakara ¯ n. odyamacint¯ı), (19) Rajacint ¯ ¯ı ("considering kingship"), (20) Paradroha ("harming others," for Paradrohacint ¯ ¯ı), (21) Jñanal ¯ abh ¯ a¯ ("acquiring wisdom," for Jñanal ¯ abhacint ¯ ¯ı), (22) Tapasvin¯ı ("ascetic," for Tapasvicint¯ı), (23) Jara ("aging," for Jaracint ¯ ¯ıs), (24) Maran. acint¯ı ("considering murder"), (25) Sukha¯ ("pleasure," for Sukhacint¯ı), (26) Duh. kha ("suffering," for Du ¯ h. khacint¯ı), (27) A´subha¯ ("inauspicious," for A´subhacint¯ı), (28) Asti ("[believing in] the existence," Asticint¯ı) and (29) Nastik ¯ a ("unbeliever," for N ¯ asticint ¯ ¯ı), the two, (30) Gurucint¯ı ("considering a teacher"), (31) Gamanika ("sexual intercourse," for Gamanacint ¯ ¯ı), (32) Ks.ema¯ ("happiness," for Ks.emacint¯ı),1621 (33) Aks.ema ("unhappiness," for Ak ¯ s.emacint¯ı),<sup>1622</sup> (34) Sr´ ant ¯ a ("tired," ¯ Sr´ antacint ¯ ¯ı), (35) Vi´srant ¯ a ("rested," for Vi´ ¯ srantacint ¯ ¯ı), and (36) Bhuks.ita ( ¯ *m.c.* for Bubhuks.ita, "hungry," for Bubhuks ¯ .itacint¯ı),<sup>1623</sup> the excellent.<sup>1624</sup>

<sup>1620</sup> sems ma ] D; sems la P.

<sup>1621</sup> The text *bzod ma* suggests Ks.ama ("patient"). However, in her mantra, her Sanskrit name is transcribed ¯ as Ks.emacint¯ı. In the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.210c), her name is Ks.ema, and its Tibetan translation is also ¯ *bzod ma*. Therefore, I have decided her name to be Ks.ema (for K ¯ s.emacint¯ı). The same is said of the name of the next yogin¯ı (33).

<sup>1622</sup> The text is *mi bzod ma*, which suggests Aks.ama. However, her name in her mantra and in the ¯ *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.210c; whose Tibetan is *mi bzod ma*) is Aks.ema (for Aks ¯ .emacint¯ı).

<sup>1623</sup> See *bhuks.ita¯* (*m.c.* for *bubhuks.ita¯*) in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.210d). She is also called Bhuks.itacint¯ı (for Bubhuks.itacint¯ı) in her mantra (D 31v7).

<sup>1624</sup> The names of their male consorts are (1) Puj ¯ acinta, (2) Bhak ¯ s.acinta, (3) Nidracinta, (4) ¯ Alasyacinta, ¯ (5) Dharmacinta, (6) Bhavan ¯ acinta, (7) G ¯ r.hacinta, (8) Str¯ıcinta, (9) Arthacinta, (10) Viyogacinta, (11) Putracinta, (12) Sokacinta, (13) Dhy ´ anacinta, (14) Mantrajapacinta, (15) Hr ¯ ¯ıcinta, (16) Manacinta, ¯ (17) Sam. tapacinta, (18) Sattv ¯ arthakaru ¯ n. odyamacinta, (19) Rajacinta, (20) Paradrohacinta, (21) ¯

/las ni thams cad byed lha mo/ /rang bzhin 'khor lo 'di che ba'o/ /**(D 18v3)** kha dog rang bzhin 'khor lor grags/ /lhag ma 'dir ni sngon bzhin no//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.211.

[Every] goddess is effective in all rituals. This circle is great in nature. [The color of the goddesses' bodies is] declared to be [the same as] the color of their circle.1625 Here, the rest is as before.

/shes rab thabs bdag nyid lha mo/ /rang bzhin gyis ni dkyil 'khor 'di/ /gdan bzhi pa'i rgyud stong phrag ni/ /bcu gnyis pa las bshad pa ste// /ye shes mkha' 'gro ma sogs kyi/ /mchod sogs lha **(D 18v4)** mor 'dod pa yin/

/grong mtha'i gnas ni 'di lta bu/ /kun du 'od kyi sa yin no//1626

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.212–213.

[Every] goddess on this circle inherently has the nature of wisdom and means. They are taught from the *Catus.p¯ıt.hatantra* consisting of 12000 [stanzas]: [they are equivalent to] Jñana ¯ d. akin ¯ ¯ı and others. [This is] the doctrine of the goddesses starting with Puj ¯ a.¯ [This circle is declared to be] the *p¯ılava* ("village border") site: In this way, [the goddesses are of] the Universal Splendor Level.

/de ltar ye shes sogs sku'i mtha'/ /rlung me chu dang nam mkha' yis/ /bskor ba'i 'khor lo zhes **bya bar**/1627 /rdo rje **mchog mar** shes par bya//1628

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.214.

This way, [the circles] starting with the Knowledge and ending with the Body are stated to be a wheel encircling the Wind, [Earth,] Fire, Water, and Space [Circles]. [Their] excellent adamantine females should be discerned.

Jñanal ¯ abhacinta, (22) Tapasvicinta, (23) Jaracinta, (24) Mara ¯ n. acinta, (25) Sukhacinta, (26) Duh. khacinta, (27) A´subhacinta, (28) Asticinta, (29) Nasticinta, (30) Gurucinta, (31) Gamanacinta, (32) K ¯ s.emacinta, (33) Aks.emacinta, (34) Sr´ antacinta, (35) Vi´ ¯ srantacinta, and (36) Bubhuk ¯ s.itacinta, according to their mantras.

<sup>1625</sup> The text *kha dog rang bzhin 'khor lor grags* may be literally translated as "The color [of the yogin¯ıs] is declared to be the [color] of the circle by nature. However, considering its Sanskrit parallel in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava*, the *rang bzhin* is perhaps a corruption of *rang gi*. My translation is based on the Sanskrit parallel in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.211c), *svacakravarn. am akhy ¯ ata ¯ m.* , whose Tibetan is *kha dog rang gi 'khor lor grags*.

<sup>1626</sup> kun du ] D; kun gyi P.

<sup>1627</sup> zhes bya bar ] P; zhes bya bas; cf, zhes bya bar *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.214c).

<sup>1628</sup> mchog mar ] *em.*; mchog mang DP; cf. mchog ma *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.214d).

zhes bya ba ni gsung gi 'khor lo'i gnyis pa sprul pa'i **(D 18v5)** 'khor lo'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.215.

The Speech Circle, the second, in the Emanation Layer is thus [taught].

*9.3.13. The Emanation Layer (3): Body Circle*

/de nas sku yi 'khor lo bshad/ /sku gsung thugs kyi kha dog can/ /sum cu rtsa drug dbyibs 'dra ba/ /rnal 'byor ma 'khor sgyur ma 'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.216.

Now, I explain the Body Circle colored in body–speech–mind (mixture of white, red, and black). Wheel-turning yogin¯ıs are in the middles of the thirty-six spokes.1629

/(1) rgyal chen bzhi yi **ris ma** dang/<sup>1630</sup>

/(2) sum cu rtsa gsum 'khor sgyur ma/

/(3) 'thab bral (4) dga' ldan 'khor sgyur ma/

/**(D 18v6)** (5) 'phrul dga' ma dang de bzhin du//


<sup>1629</sup> The text *sum cu rtsa drug dbyibs 'dra ba* can be literally translated as "like the thirty-six spokes," which does not make sense in this context. The word *'dra ba* is perhaps a corruption of *dbus su*. My translation is based on its Sanskrit parallel in the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.216c), *s. at.trim. s´are ¯ s.u madhye ca* (whose Tibetan is *sum cu rtsa drug rtsibs dbus su*).

<sup>1630</sup> ris ma ] *em.*; rigs ma DP; cf. ris ma *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.217a).

<sup>1631</sup> chen po ] D; chan po P.

<sup>1632</sup> che ba'i ] D; chen po'i P.

<sup>1633</sup> mthong ma ] D; mtho ma P.

<sup>1634</sup> skye mched ma ] D; skya mched ma P.

/(26) ci'ang med skye mched ma de nas// /(27) 'du shes 'du shes med min ma/1635 /(28) dmyal mo (29) yi dags ma de bzhin/ /(30) dud 'gro (31) mi mo (32) lha min mo/ /(33) gzhal med mkha' spyod ma de bzhin// /(34) zla mo nyi mo (35) gshin rje mo/ /(36) dbang mo 'khor sgyur mar shes bya/ /rang **(D 19r2)** gi 'khor lo'i mdog bzhin bya/ /phyag dang mtshon cha sngar bzhin no//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.217–223.

(1) Caturmah ¯ ar¯ ajak ¯ ayik ¯ ¯ı (representing the first heaven in the Desire Realm, the lowest heaven, for Caturmah ¯ ar¯ ajak ¯ ayikacakravartin ¯ ¯ı), (2) Trayastri ¯ m. sacakravartin ´ ¯ı (the second heaven in the Desire Realm), (3) Yam¯ ¯ı (the third heaven in the Desire Realm, for Yamacakravartin ¯ ¯ı), (4) Tus.itacakravartin¯ı (the fourth heaven in the Desire Realm, for Tus.itacakravartin¯ı), and (5) Nirma¯n. aratay¯ı (the fifth heaven in the Desire Realm, for Nirma¯n. araticakravartin¯ı), (6) Paranirmitava´savartin¯ı (the sixth heaven in the Desire Realm, for Paranirmitava´savarticakravartin¯ı), (7) Brahmakayik ¯ ¯ı (the first heaven in the First Meditation in the Form Realm, for Brahmakayikacakravartin ¯ ¯ı), the wheel[-turn]er, and (8) Brahmapurohit¯ı (the second heaven in the First Meditation in the Form Realm, for Brahmapurohitacakravartin¯ı), (9) Mahabrahm ¯ a¯n. acakravartin¯ı (the third heaven in the First Meditation in the Form Realm), (10) Par¯ıttabh ¯ ¯ı (the first heaven in the Second Meditation in the Form Realm, for Par¯ıttabhacakravartin ¯ ¯ı), (11) Aprama¯n. abh ¯ ¯ı (the second heaven in the Second Meditation in the Form Realm, for Aprama¯n. abhacakravartin ¯ ¯ı), (12) Abh ¯ asur ¯ ¯ı (the third heaven in the Second Meditation in the Form Realm, for Abh ¯ asuracakravartin ¯ ¯ı), (13) Par¯ıtta´subh¯ı (the first heaven in the Third Meditation in the Form Realm, for Par¯ıtta´subhacakravartin¯ı), (14) Aprama¯n. a´subhacakravartin¯ı (the second heaven in the Third Meditation in the Form Realm), (15) Subhak ´ r.tsn¯ı (the third heaven in the Third Meditation in the Form Realm, for Subhak ´ r.tsnacakravartin¯ı), (16) Anabhrak¯ı (the first heaven in the Fourth Meditation in the Form Realm, for Anabhrakacakravartin¯ı), (17) Pun. yaprasav¯ı (the second heaven in the Fourth Meditation in the Form Realm, for Pun. yaprasavacakravartin¯ı), the wheel[-turn]er, (18) Br.hatphalacakravartin¯ı (the third heaven in the Fourth Meditation in the Form Realm), (19) Avr.h¯ı (the fourth heaven in the Fourth Meditation in the Form Realm, for Avr.hacakravartin¯ı), (20) Atapacakravartin¯ı (the fifth heaven in the Fourth Meditation in the Form Realm), (21) Sudr.s´¯ı (the sixth heaven in the Fourth

<sup>1635</sup> 'du shes 'du shes med ] D; 'du shes med 'du shes med P.

Meditation in the Form Realm, for Sudr.sacakravartin ´ ¯ı), (22) Sudar´san¯ı (the seventh heaven in the Fourth Meditation in the Form Realm, for Sudar´sanacakravartin¯ı), (23) Akanis.t.hacakravartin¯ı (the eighth heaven in the Fourth Meditation in the Form Realm), (24) Ak¯ a´¯sananty ¯ ayatan ¯ ¯ı (the first heaven in the Formless Realm, for Ak¯ a´¯sananty ¯ ayatanacakravartin ¯ ¯ı), (25) Vijñan¯ ananty ¯ ayatan ¯ ¯ı (the second heaven in the Formless Realm, for Vijñan¯ ananty ¯ ayatanacakravartin ¯ ¯ı), then, (26) Aki ¯ m. canyayatan ¯ ¯ı (the third heaven in the Formless Realm, for Aki ¯ m. canyayatanacakravartin ¯ ¯ı), (27) Naivasam. jñan¯ asa ¯ m. jñak¯ ¯ı (the fourth heaven in the Formless Realm, the highest heaven, for Naivasam. jñan¯ asa ¯ m. jñayatanacakravartin ¯ ¯ı), (28) Narak ¯ ¯ı (representing the hell realm, for Narakacakravartin¯ı), also (29) Pretan¯ı (ghost realm, for Pretacakravartin¯ı), (30) Tiry¯ı (beast realm, for Tiryakacakravartin¯ı), (31) Nar¯ı (human realm, for Naracakravartin¯ı), (32) Asur¯ı (demi-god realm, for Asuracakravartin¯ı), and (33) Vimanac ¯ ari ¯ n.¯ı (gods realm, for Vima¯n. acakravartin¯ı),<sup>1636</sup> (34) Sa´ ´ sirav¯ı ("the moon and the sun," for Sa´ ´ siravicakravartin¯ı), (35) Yam¯ı (representing Yama's heaven, for Yamacakravartin¯ı), and (36) Indr¯ı (Indra's heaven, for Indracakravartin¯ı) are to be discerned to be Wheel-turning ones.<sup>1637</sup> He should make the color [of their bodies] similar to their own circle (viz., mixture of white, red, and black). The weaponry in hand is as before.

/shes rab thabs kyi rang bzhin te/ /nye ba'i grong mthar yang dag gnas/ /sa ni mos pas spyod pa 'o/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* 15.224abc.

[Every yogin¯ı] has the nature of wisdom and means, dwells in the *upap¯ılava* ("near the village border") [holy site], and is [of] the Level of the Practice of Resolution.

/de nas de yi phyi khyams la//

<sup>1636</sup> The text is *gzhal med mkha' spyod ma*. This is a contracted form of *gzhal med khang spyod ma* (*D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava*, 15.222d) to accommodate the meter.

<sup>1637</sup> The names of their male consorts are (1) Caturmah ¯ ar¯ ajak ¯ ayikacakravartin, (2) ¯ Trayastri ¯ m. sacakravartin, (3) Y ´ amacakravartin, (4) Tu ¯ s.itacakravartin, (5) Nirma¯n. araticakravartin, (6) Paranirmitava´savarticakravartin, (7) Brahmakayikacakravartin, (8) Brahmapurohitacakravartin, ¯ (9) Mahabrahm ¯ a¯n. acakravartin, (10) Par¯ıttabhacakravartin, (11) Apram ¯ a¯n. abhacakracartin, ¯ (12) Abh ¯ asuracakravartin (for ¯ Abh ¯ asvaracakravartin), (13) Par ¯ ¯ıtta´subhacakravartin, (14) Aprama¯n. a´subhacakravartin, (15) Subhak ´ r.tsnacakravartin, (16) Anabhrakacakravartin, (17) Pun. yaprasavacakravartin, (18) Br.hatphalacakravartin, (19) Avr.hacakravartin, (20) Atapacakravartin, (21) Sudr.sacakravartin, (22) Sudar´ ´ sanacakravartin, (23) Akanis.t.hacakravartin, (24) Ak¯ a´¯sananty ¯ ayatanacakravartin, (25) Vijñ ¯ an¯ ananty ¯ ayatanacakravartin, (26) ¯ Aki ¯ m. canyayatanacakravartin, (27) Naivasa ¯ m. jñan¯ asa ¯ m. jñayatanacakravartin, (28) Narakacakravartin, ¯ (29) Pretacakravartin, (30) Tiryakacakravartin, (31) Naracakravartin, (32) Asuracakravartin, (33) Vima¯n. acakravartin, (34) Sa´ ´ siravicakravartin, (35) Yamacakravartin, and (36) Indracakravartin, according to their mantras.

(748) 'phags pa dgyes pa dang/ (749) mthu stobs dang/ (750) skar ma la dgyes pa dang/ **(D 19r3)** (751) sprin gyi rnga sgra dang/ (752) spyan sdug zhal dang/ (753) ye shes bzang ldan dang/<sup>1638</sup> (754) 'byor ldan dang/ (755) yon tan phung po dang/ (756) gsal ba dang/ (757) chos kyi rgyal mtshan dang/ (758) ye shes nga ro dang/ (759) nam mkha' dang/

Subsequently, in the open passage outside that, there are (748) Aryapriya, (749) ¯ Pratapa, (750) Jyot ¯ ¯ırama, (751) Dundubhimeghasvara, (752) Priyacak ¯ s.urvaktra, (753) Sujñana, (754) Sam ¯ r.ddha, (755) Gun. ara´¯si, (756) Prasanna,<sup>1639</sup> (757) Dharmadhvaja, (758) Jñanaruta, (759) Gagana, ¯

(760) mchod sbyin nga ro dang/ (761) shes rab rnam dgod nga ro dang/ (762) yon tan 'od zer gzi **(D 19r4)** brjid dang/ (763) drang srong dbang po dang/ (764) blo ldan dang/ (765) stobs pa'i tshogs dang/ (766) mchod sbyin bzang po dang/ (767) zla ba'i zhal dang/ (768) shin tu gzigs dang/ (769) rdul bral dang/

(760) Yajñasvara, (761) Jñanavih ¯ asasvara, (762) Gu ¯ n. atejora´smi, (763) R. s.¯ındra, (764) Matimat, (765) Pratibhanaga ¯ n. a, (766) Suyajña, (767) Candranana, (768) Sudar´ ¯ sana, (769) Vimala,

(770) yon tan tshogs dang/ (771) tog ldan dang/ (772) bsod nams rgyal mtshan dang/ (773) yul 'khor spobs pa dang/ **(D 19r5)** (774) rin chen rab sbyin dang/ (775) zla dgyes dang/ (776) seng ge'i stobs dang/ (777) dbang sgyur rgyal po dang/ (778) bdud rtsi gsal ba dang/ (779) bsam gtan snyoms dang/

(770) Gun. asam. caya, (771) Ketumat, (772) Pun. yadhvaja, (773) Pratibhanar ¯ a¯s.t.ra, (774) Ratnapradatta, (775) Priyacandra, (776) Sim. habala, (777) Va´savartiraja, (778) ¯ Amr.taprasanna, (779) Samadhyayin, ¯

(780) 'khrul pa med pa dang/ (781) dri ma rab tu zhi ba dang/ (782) phyogs ma bslad dang/ (783) mdzes pa dang/ (784) zhal bzangs dang/<sup>1640</sup> (785) shugs gnas ye **(D 19r6)** shes ldan dang/ (786) gsung gi dbang po dang/ (787) gzi brjid chen po dang/ (788) blo gros zab mo dang/ (789) bdud rtsi dang/

<sup>1638</sup> ldan ] D; lan P.

<sup>1639</sup> Prasanna (for gsal ba) is an emendation by (Dharma Publishing 1986d, appendix, 763) and (Skilling and Saerji 2018, p. 209). His name is Sughos.a or Mahagho ¯ s.a in (Weller 1928, p. 97), and Pran. ada ( ¯ *em. pran. ata*, gsal ba Tib) in the *Sarvavajrodaya¯* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 28).

<sup>1640</sup> bzangs ] D; bzang P.

(780) Aks.obhya, (781) Pra´santamala, (782) De´ ¯ sam¯ u¯d. ha, (783) Lad. ita, (784) Suvaktra, (785) Sthitavegajñana, (786) Kathendra, (787) Mah ¯ atejas, (788) Gambh ¯ ¯ıramati, (789) Amr.ta,

(790) chos kyi stobs dang/ (791) mchod par ldan pa dang/ (792) me tog 'od dang/ (793) khams gsum dag gi mchod pa'i gnas dang/ (794) sgra gcan nyi ma'i snying po dang/ (795) lha'i mchod pa dang/ **(D 19r7)** (796) thar pa'i rgyal mtshan dang/ (797) dge ba'i gtsug dang/ (798) bdud rtsi'i 'od dang/ (799) rdo rje dang/

(790) Dharmabala, (791) Pujya, (792) Pu ¯ s.paprabha, (793) Trailokyapujya, (794) ¯ Rahus ¯ uryagarbha, (795) Marutp ¯ ujita, (796) Mok ¯ s.adhvaja, (797) Kalya¯n. acu¯d. a, (798) Amr.taprabha, (799) Vajra,

(800) brtan pa dang/ (801) rin chen phung po dang/ (802) mdzes par gshegs dang/ (803) nyi ma lta bur gshegs pa dang/ (804) dag pa'i 'od dang/ (805) yon tan gtsug dang/ (806) dpal rdzogs pa dang/ (807) seng ge'i **(D 19v1) stabs** dang/1641 (808) gyen du 'phags pa dang/ (809) me tog byin dang/

(800) Dr.d. ha, (801) Ratnaskandha, (802) Lad. itakrama, (803) Bhanumat, (804) ¯ Suddhaprabha, (805) Gu ´ n. acu¯d. a, (806) Anupama´sr¯ı, (807) Sim. hagati, (808) Udgata, (809) Pus.padatta,

(810) 'od 'gyed pa dang/ (811) pa dma dang/ (812) ye shes dgyes pa dang/ (813) bkod pa mdzes dang/ (814) gti mug med par gnas pa dang/ (815) rma med pa dang/ (816) tog gi rgyal mtshan dang/ (817) bde bar dgongs dang/ (818) gti mug med pa'i rgyal **(D 19v2)** po dang/ (819) cho ga mkhyen pa dang/

(810) Muktaprabha, (811) Padma, (812) Jñanapriya, (813) La ¯ d. itavyuha, (814) ¯ Amohaviharin, (815) R ¯ u¯d. havran. a,<sup>1642</sup> (816) Ketudhvaja, (817) Sukhacittin, (818) Vimoharaja, (819) Vidhijña, ¯

(820) dag pa'i rgya mtsho dang/ (821) rin chen mnga' ba dang/ (822) mi **dma' ba** dang/1643 (823) skye bo dga' mdzad dang/ (824) rma bya'i nga ro dang/ (825) ma zhum pa dang/ (826) srid pa'i sred pa'i dri ma spangs

<sup>1641</sup> stabs ] *em.*; stangs D; stobs P; cf. stabs *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 100v4).

<sup>1642</sup> Ru¯d. havran. a for *rma med pa*. The *Sarvavajrodaya¯* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 30) also has Ru¯d. havran. a for *rma med pa*.

<sup>1643</sup> dma' ba ] *em.*; mnga' ba DP; cf. dma' ba *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 100v6).

pa dang/ (827) spyod pa'i stegs dang/ (828) lha mang dag gi snyan par bsgrags pa dang/1644 (829) rin po **(D 19v3)** che'i stabs dang/

(820) Suddhas ´ agara, (821) Ratnadhara, (822) Ajita, (823) Jagatto ¯ s.an. a, (824) Mayuraruta, (825) Ad ¯ ¯ına, (826) Bhavatr.s.n. amalaprah ¯ ¯ın. a, (827) Caritrat ¯ ¯ırtha, (828) Bahudevaghus.t.a, (829) Ratnakrama,

(830) phyag na pa dma bsnams pa dang/ (831) dpal dang/ (832) dgra las rgyal ba dang/ (833) 'byor ldan grags pa dang/ (834) yul 'khor bzang po dang/ (835) me tog 'od dang/ (836) seng ge'i nga ro dang/ (837) zla ba ltar shar ba dang/1645 (838) 'joms pa'i mchog dang/ (839) mi g-yo ba dang/

(830) Padmahastin, (831) Sr´ ¯ı, (832) Jita´satru, (833) Samr.ddhaya´sas, (834) Sura¯s.t.ra, (835) Kusumaprabha, (836) Sim. hasvara, (837) Candrodgata, (838) Damajyes.t.ha, (839) Acala,

(840) phan par **(D 19v4)** ldan par gshegs pa dang/ (841) bsod nams sgron ma'i rgyal po dang/ (842) dbyangs kyis bskul ba dang/ (843) gau ta ma dang/1646 (844) mdangs stobs dang/ (845) blo gnas pa'i rang bzhin dang/ (846) zla ba bzang po dang/ (847) byang chub yan lag **me tog** dang/1647 (848) bkra shis dang/ (849) legs ston dang/

(840) Sam. jñagati, ¯ <sup>1648</sup> (841) Pun. yaprad¯ıparaja, (842) Svaracodaka, (843) Gautama, ¯ (844) Ojobala, (845) Sthitabuddhirupa, (846) Sucandra, (847) Bodhya ¯ ngapu ˙ s.pa, (848) Siddhi, (849) Pra´sasta,

(850) ye shes **(D 19v5)** gzi brjid stobs dang/ (851) mthu rtsal brtan po dang/ (852) lha'i sgra dang/ (853) rab tu zhi ba dang/ (854) nyi ma'i zhal dang/ (855) thar pa'i brtul zhugs dang/ (856) tshul khrims 'od dang/ (857) brtul zhugs gnas pa dang/ (858) rdul med pa dang/ (859) snying po 'phags pa dang/

(850) Balatejojñana, (851) D ¯ r.d. havikrama, (852) Devaruta, (853) Pra´santa, (854) ¯ Sury ¯ anana, (855) Mok ¯ s.avrata, (856) S´¯ılaprabha, (857) Vratasthita, (858) Arajas, (859) Sarodgata, ¯

(860) mig sman dang/ (861) 'phel bar mdzad **(D 19v6)** pa dang/ (862) spos kyi 'od dang/ (863) **dus** mkhyen pa'i 'od dang/<sup>1649</sup> (864) dran pa'i dbang

<sup>1644</sup> lha mang dag ] D; lha mo dag P.

<sup>1645</sup> shar ba ] D; shar P.

<sup>1646</sup> gau ta ma ] D; gau ta mi P.

<sup>1647</sup> me tog ] *em.*; me tog spos DP; cf. me tog *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 101r1).

<sup>1648</sup> Sam. jñagati for ¯ *phan par ldan par gshegs pa*. The *Sarvavajrodaya¯* also has Sam. jñagati for ¯ *phan pa dang ldan par gshegs pa* (Moriguchi 1989, pp. 30–31).

<sup>1649</sup> dus mkhyen pa'i ] *em.*; dus gsum mkhyen pa'i DP; cf. dus mkhyen *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 101r2).

po dang/ (865) thogs pa med pa'i rgyal mtshan dang/ (866) byang chub mchog tu bgrod pa dang/ (867) spyod pa gsal ba dang/ (868) rin chen dgyes dang/ (869) chos kyi dbang phyug dang/

(860) Añjana, (861) Vardhana, (862) Gandhabha, (863) Vel ¯ amaprabha, (864) Sm ¯ r.t¯ındra, (865) Asangadhvaja, (866) Varabodhigati, (867) Cara ˙ n. aprasanna, (868) Ratnapriya, (869) Dharme´svara,

(870) lha thams cad pa dang/1650 (871) bshes **(D 19v7)** gnyen chen po dang/ (872) bshes gnyen bzang po dang/ (873) rab tu zhi ba'i stabs dang/ (874) bdud rtsi'i bdag po dang/ (875) lhun po'i 'od dang/ (876) 'phags pas bstod dang/ (877) snang ldan dang/ (878) gzi brjid 'bar ba dang/ (879) snang ba gzigs dang/

(870) Vi´svadeva, (871) Mahamitra, (872) Sumitra, (873) Pra´ ¯ santag ¯ amin, (874) ¯ Amr.tadhipa, (875) Meruprabha, (876) ¯ Aryastuta, (877) Jyoti ¯ s.mat, (878) D¯ıptatejas, (879) Avabhasadar´ ¯ sin,

(880) legs spyad rnam par smin dang/ (881) legs dgyes **(D 20r1)** dang/ (882) mya ngan bral dang/ (883) rin chen 'od dang/ (884) spyod par ldan dang/ (885) bsod nams stobs dang/ (886) yon tan rgya mtsho dang/ (887) rmad du byung ba dang/ (888) nga rgyal spong ba dang/ (889) bdud brlag mdzad dang/

(880) Suc¯ırn. avipaka, (881) Supriya, (882) Vigata´ ¯ soka, (883) Ratnaprabhasa, (884) ¯ Caritraka, (885) Pu ¯ n. yakrama,1651 (886) Gun. asagara, (887) Caitraka, (888) M ¯ anajaha, ¯ (889) Maraks ¯ .ayam. kara,

(890) bag chags las rgal ba'i stobs dang/ (891) mi phyed pa'i blo **(D 20r2)** mnga' ba dang/ (892) rgya mtsho dang/ (893) dag par mdzad pa dang/ (894) tshogs can sgrol ba'i rgyal po dang/ (895) dga' ba'i 'od dang/ (896) byang chub rgyal mtshan dang/ (897) ye shes rin chen dang/ (898) shin tu bsil ba dang/ (899) tshangs pa rgyal ba dang/

(890) Vasanott ¯ ¯ırn. agati, (891) Abhedyabuddhi, (892) Udadhi, (893) Sodhita, ´ <sup>1652</sup> (894) Gan. imuktiraja, (895) Priy ¯ abha, (896) Bodhidhvaja, (897) Jñ ¯ anaratna, (898) Su´ ¯ s¯ıtala, (899) Brahmaraja, ¯

<sup>1650</sup> thams cad pa ] D; thams cad P.

<sup>1651</sup> Pun. yakrama for *bsod nams stobs* (which may be a variant of bsod nams stabs). The *Sarvavajrodaya¯* also has pun. yakrama for *bsod nams stobs* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 32).

<sup>1652</sup> He is named Sodhita (for dag par mdzad pa) (perhaps a conjectural emendation) in (Dharma ´ Publishing 1986d, appendix, 901) and (Skilling and Saerji 2018, p. 229). He is Vimar´ ¯ sa in (Weller 1928, p. 117), and Vimars ¯ .t.a in the *Sarvavajrodaya¯* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 32).

(900) ye shes dgyes dang/ (901) rdzu 'phrul tog dang/ (902) skye **(D 20r3)** dbang mtshungs dang/ (903) sa'i dbang phyug dang/ (904) nyi ma dgyes dang/ (905) sgra gcan zla ba dang/ (906) me tog 'od dang/ (907) sman pa'i bdag po dang/ (908) mdangs mnga' ba dang/ (909) bsod nams dgyes dang/

(900) Jñanarata, (901) ¯ R. ddhiketu, (902) Janendrakalpa, (903) Dharan.¯ı´svara, (904) Suryapriya, (905) R ¯ ahucandra, (906) Pu ¯ s.paprabha, (907) Vaidyadhipa, (908) ¯ Ojodharin, (909) Pun ¯ . yapriya,

(910) dga' ba'i stobs dang/ (911) dbyangs snyan pa dang/ (912) chos kyi dbang phyug dang/ (913) tshangs **(D 20r4)** pa'i dbyangs dang/ (914) spyod bzangs dang/1653 (915) 'khrul pa med pa'i blo dang/ (916) dbyangs chen po dang/ (917) snyan par grags pa dang/ (918) tog ldan dang/ (919) gzi brjid rnam par grags pa dang/

(910) Ratibala, (911) Sughos.a, (912) Dharme´svara, (913) Brahmaruta, (914) Suces.t.a, (915) Askhalitabuddhi, (916) Mahapra ¯ n. ada, (917) Ya´ ¯ sah. k¯ırti, (918) Ketumat, (919) Vighus.t.atejas,

(920) 'gro ba'i dbang phyug dang/ (921) ljon pa dang/ (922) gti mug rab tu zad pa dang/ (923) dpag tu med pa dang/ **(D 20r5)** (924) zla ba bzang po dang/ (925) spobs pa mtha' yas tog dang/ (926) brtul zhugs brtan pa dang/ (927) mchod pa'i gnas dang/ (928) mya ngan rgal ba dang/ (929) dge ba dgyes pa dang/1654

(920) Jagad¯ı´svara, (921) Druma, (922) Supran. as.t.amoha, (923) Amita, (924) Sucandramas, (925) Anantapratibhanaketu, (926) Vratanidhi, ¯ <sup>1655</sup> (927) Pujya, (928) ¯ Utt¯ırn. a´soka, (929) Ks.emapriya,

(930) 'gro ba'i blo gros dang/ (931) dgyes par gshegs dang/ (932) zhabs mdzes pa dang/ (933) u tpa la dang/ (934) dul gnas me tog dang/ **(D 20r6)** (935) spobs pa mtha' yas 'od zer dang/ (936) drang srong gsal ba dang/ (937) yon tan brtson 'grus dang/ (938) snying po dang/ (939) lha'i bdag po dang/

<sup>1653</sup> bzangs ] DP; cf. bzang *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 101r6).

<sup>1654</sup> dgyes pa ] D; dgyes P.

<sup>1655</sup> Vratanidhi for *brtul zhugs brtan pa* (*brtul zhugs bstar* according to the *Bhadrakalpika*, D 94, 101r). For this, see also (Skilling and Saerji 2018, p. 234, footnote 262).

(930) Jagadmati, (931) Priyam. gama, (932) Caran. abhij ¯ ata, ¯ <sup>1656</sup> (933) Utpala, (934) Pus.padamasthita, (935) Anantapratibhanara´ ¯ smi, (936) R. s.iprasanna, (937) Gun. av¯ırya, (938) Sara, (939) Marudadhipa, ¯

(940) rin chen mthon po dang/ (941) gsal ba dang/ (942) skal ldan shing rta can dang/ (943) bsod nams blo gros dang/ (944) sbyin sreg 'od 'phro dang/ (945) yon tan mtha' **(D 20r7)** yas gzi brjid phung po dang/ (946) seng ge'i stabs dang/ (947) mi g-yo ba dang/ (948) rab gsal dang/ (949) 'od spyod dang/

(940) Uccaratna, (941) Prasanna, (942) Bhag¯ ¯ırathin, (943) Pun. yamati, (944) Hutarci, ¯ (945) Anantagun. atejora´¯si, (946) Sim. havikramin, (947) Acala, (948) Prasanna, (949) ¯ C¯ırn. aprabha,

(950) klu dbyangs dang/ (951) 'khor lo 'dzin dang/ (952) dbyig gi mchog dang/ (953) 'jig rten las dga' ba dang/ (954) chos zla dang/ (955) dga' ba mtha' yas grags pa dang/ (956) sprin gyi tog **(D 20v1)** dang/ (957) shes rab 'gros dang/ (958) spos bzang dang/ (959) nam mkha'i dbyangs dang/

(950) Nagaruta, (951) Cakradhara, (952) Vasu´ ¯ sres.t.ha, (953) Lokapriya, (954) Dharmacandra, (955) Anantaratnak¯ırti,<sup>1657</sup> (956) Meghadhvaja, (957) Prajñagati, (958) ¯ Sugandha, (959) Gaganasvara,

(960) lha dang/ (961) lha'i rgyal ba dang/ (962) nor bu gsal dang/1658 (963) nor bzangs dang/ (964) sgron ma dang/ (965) rin chen nga ro'i dbyangs dang/ (966) skye dbang rgyal po dang/ (967) sgra gcan sbed dang/ (968) dga' ba mdzad pa dang/ (969) seng ge'i **(D 20v2)** blo gros dang/

(960) Deva, (961) Devaraja, (962) Ma ¯ n. ivi´suddha, (963) Sudhana, (964) Prad¯ıpa, (965) Ratnasvaraghos.a, (966) Janendraraja, (967) R ¯ ahugupta, (968) K ¯ s.emam. kara, (969) Sim. hamati,

(970) mi g-yo ba dang/ (971) rin chen grags pa dang/ (972) don mdzad dang/ (973) mdzad pa mtha' gzigs pa dang/<sup>1659</sup> (974) srid pa'i me tog dang/ (975) mdzod spu ldan dang/ (976) spobs pa mtshungs pa med pa'i rgyal po dang/ (977) ye shes rnam par 'byed pa'i nga ro dang/ (978) seng ge'i mche ba **(D 20v3)** dang/ (979) mdzes par gshegs pa dang/

<sup>1656</sup> I have accepted Caran. abhij ¯ ata (for ¯ *zhabs mdzes pa*) incorporated in the *Sarvavajrodaya¯* (Moriguchi 1989, p. 34).

<sup>1657</sup> Anantaratnak¯ırti for *dga' ba mtha' yas grags pa*. The *Sarvavajrodaya¯* also has Anantaratnak¯ırti for *dga' ba mtha' yas grags pa* (Moriguchi 1989, pp. 34–35).

<sup>1658</sup> gsal ] D; gsal pa P.

<sup>1659</sup> mdzad pa mtha' gzigs pa ] *em.*; mdzad pa mtha' yas gzigs pa DP; cf. mdzad mtha' gzigs, *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 101v3–v4).

(970) Acala, (971) Ratnaya´sas, (972) Kr.tartha, (973) K ¯ r.tantadar´ ¯ sin, (974) Bhavapus.pa, (975) Ur¯ n. a, (976) Atulapratibhanar ¯ aja, (977) Vibhaktajñ ¯ anasvara, (978) Si ¯ m. hadam. s.t.ra, (979) Lad. itagamin, ¯

(980) bsod nams sgron ma dang/ (981) bkra shis ldan dang/ (982) yul 'khor mya ngan med pa dang/ (983) blo gros sems dpa' dang/ (984) blo dang ldan pa dang/ (985) chos kyi sgron ma'i spyan dang/ (986) shin tu gzigs dang/ (987) shugs kyi 'od 'dor ba dang/ (988) stobs can dang/ **(D 20v4)** (989) shes rab me tog dang/

(980) Pun. yaprad¯ıpa, (981) Mangalin, (982) A´ ˙ sokara¯s.t.ra, (983) Maticintin,<sup>1660</sup> (984) Matimat, (985) Dharmaprad¯ıpak¯ s.a, (986) Sudar´sana, (987) Vegajaha,1661 (988) Atibala,1662 (989) Prajñapus ¯ .pa,

(990) brtan pa'i dbyangs dang/ (991) bde ldan dang/ (992) don gsungs dang/ (993) dgyes par gsal ba dang/ (994) seng ge'i zhal dang/ (995) gtsug phud dang/ (996) snang mdzad rnams te/ thams cad phyag rgya sna tshogs mdzad pa'o//1663

(990) Dr.d. hasvara, (991) Sukhita, (992) Arthavadin, (993) Priyaprasanna, (994) ¯ Harivaktra, (995) Cud¯ . a,

and (996) Roca. All [of them] assume the respective hand gestures. /'khor lo 'di ni gru bzhi ste/ /sprul pa'i sku ni **(D 20v5)** 'du shes so/ /ri mo lnga ni me long sogs/ /thams cad mtshan nyid kyis mtshan ma'o//1664

/brgyad gnyis lha mos byas pa yis/ /mchod pa'i dkyil 'khor bzhi pa'o/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.225–226b.

Square [in shape], this circle has the name of the Emanation Body, [is decorated with] five lines [representing the Fivefold Gnosis] starting with the Mirror-like, and is marked with every [kind of good] characteristic. Sixteen [offerings] are performed by goddesses—[this is] the offering to the four layers.

/phyi rol dur khrod brgyad rnams te/ /sgo skyong ma ni rim ji bzhin// /shar du (1) chu skyes dkar mo sgom/ /byang du **(D 20v6)** (2) ga ndha ri

<sup>1660</sup> *Blo gros sems dpa'* (the final *dpa'* appears odd) for Maticintin. cf. blo sems *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 101v4). <sup>1661</sup> *Shugs kyi 'od 'dor ba* (*'od* appears odd) for Vegajaha. cf. shugs 'dor *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 101v5).

<sup>1662</sup> *Stobs can* for Atibala. He is *stobs chen* in the *Bhadrakalpika* (D 94, 101v5).

<sup>1663</sup> thams cad ] D; *om.* P.

<sup>1664</sup> mtshan nyid kyis ] D; mtshan nyid kyi P.

ma 'o/

/nub du (3) rdo rje gar ma ste/ /lho ru (4) rta rgod ma yi kha// /gru yi char ni lha mo bzhi/ /dbang ldan la sogs rim ji bzhin/ /lha mo (5) rdo rje 'bar zhal ma/ /(6) rdo rje khro gnyer ma yi zhal//1665 /(7) rdo rje 'thub ma (8) gtum mo ste/ /kha dog la sogs sngon bzhin no/ /drag mo **chen (D 20v7) mo** gtsigs pa'i zhal/1666 /'bar ba'i phreng bas rnam mdzes ma'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.226c–229.

Outside, there are eight charnel grounds and gatekeepers in order. At the east [gate], (1) Svet ´ ambuj ¯ a is to be visualized; at the north, (2) G ¯ andh ¯ arik ¯ a; at the west, ¯ (3) Vajranat.¯ı; and at the south, (4) Vad. avamukh ¯ a. The four goddesses are in the ¯ [four] corners, starting with the northeast, in order: (5) Vajrajval¯ amukh ¯ ¯ı Goddess, (6) Vajrabhr.kut.¯ımukha, (7) Vajrakha ¯ n. d.¯ı, and (8) Can. d.¯ı. The color and other [physical features] are as before. [Every goddess is] very violent, with the mouth widely open, and is resplendent with a halo of fire.

/dpa' bo rnams kyi mdog dang gzugs/ /rnal 'byor ma kun ji lta ba'o/ /kun la mgo bo'i phreng bas brgyan/ /dpa' bo rnams la dar phreng can// /ral pa'i cod pan dpa' de rnams/ /yan lag kun **(D 21r1)** la thal bas bskus/ /rnal 'byor ma rnams thams cad kyi/ /nu ma mkhrang zhing mtho ba ste//

/lag gdub spyi gtsug brgyan pa dang/ /mtshan nyid thams cad yang dag rdzogs/

/phag mo'i rigs las byung ba'o/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.230–232b.

The heroes [on all circles except for Heruka] have the same colors and physical forms as all [their consort] yogin¯ıs. All [heroes each] wear a garland of hairless heads [as a necklace] and wear a hero's turban. These heroes [each] have twisted locks of hair, with all body parts smeared with ash. All yogin¯ıs [each] have the solid and uplifted breasts, are adorned with a bracelet [on the hands] and have one lock of hair [on the head], replete with every [kind of good] characteristic, and are born of Var¯ ah¯ ¯ı's lineage.

/phyi rol dur khrod bshad bya ba// /dang **(D 21r2)** por (1) tshig par shes bya ste/ /gnyis pa yang ni (2) ma

<sup>1665</sup> gnyer ma yi ] D; gnyer ma'i P.

<sup>1666</sup> chen mo ] P; chen mi D; cf. chen mo *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.229c).

tshig par/ /gsum par (3) dum bur gyur pa nyid/ /bzhi pa yang ni (4) ma gtubs pa// /lnga pa (5) 'jigs su rung ba bshad/ /drug pa yang ni (6) 'jigs byed pa/ /bdun pa (7) gsal shing **phug pa** ste/<sup>1667</sup> /(8) steng nas btags pa brgyad pa 'o//1668**(D 21r3)**

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.242d–244.

Charnel grounds are proclaimed outside. The first should be known as Dagdha; the second as Adagdhaka; the third as Khan. d. ita; the fourth as Akhan. d. ita; the fifth is proclaimed as Bh¯ıs.an. a; the sixth as Bhayam. kara; the seventh as S´ulabhinna; and the ¯ eighth as Udbandhaka.

/dur khrod brgyad por rtag tu ni/ /dmyal srung chen po brgyad rnams so/<sup>1669</sup>

/(1) sha ma li (2) shing mya ngan med/ /(3) yongs 'du (4) u w ¯ ar de bzhin ¯ no//1670

/(5) d. o mba ri dang (6) gam. bha ri/1671 /(7) rgya shug dang ni (8) ba ru ra'o/ ¯ <sup>1672</sup>

/sna tshogs ro langs tshogs dang ni/ /rnal 'byor ma dang dpa' bo'i tshogs//

/mkha' **(D 21r4)** spyod ma dang sa spyod gzhan/ /gang yin de yang rdzu 'phrul che/

/mgo med rgyug dang gzhan yang ni/<sup>1673</sup> /mgo bo med par gar byed dang//

/nyal ba dang ni rkang med dang/ /mgo bo lus sogs gtubs pa ste/1674 /ting 'dzin chen po rgyu yis ni/ /de ltar **dga'** bcas gar byed pa'o//1675**(D 21r5)**

/de ltar de yi dbus su ni/ /rgyu skar sna tshogs bya ba yin/

/kha dog sna tshogs shes bya ste/ /bzhon pa gang gang gi yin pa'o//1676 /de ltar dur khrod kun la bya/

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.245–249.

<sup>1667</sup> phug pa ] D; bug pa P; cf. phug pa *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.244c).

<sup>1668</sup> brgyad pa ] D; *om.* P ♦ u war ] D; u'i bar P. ¯

<sup>1669</sup> srung ] D; bsrungs P.

<sup>1670</sup> yongs 'du ] D; yongs su P.

<sup>1671</sup> d. o mba ri ] D; d. om ba ri P ♦ gam. bha ri ] D; ma bha ri P.

<sup>1672</sup> rgya shug ] D; rgya shugs P.

<sup>1673</sup> rgyug ] D; brgyug P.

<sup>1674</sup> gtubs pa ] D; gtub pa P.

<sup>1675</sup> dga' bcas ] *em.*; gar bcas DP; cf. dga' bcas *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.248d)

<sup>1676</sup> bzhon pa ] D; gzhon pa P ♦ gang gang gi ] D; gang gi P.

Eight great hell-guardians are always in the eight charnel grounds: (1) S´almal ¯ ¯ı, (2) A´sokavr.ks.a, and (3) P ¯ arij ¯ at¯ a, (4) Umbar ¯ ¯ı (for Udumbar¯ı),<sup>1677</sup> (5) D. ombar¯ı, (6) Gambhar¯ ¯ı (for Gambh¯ır¯ı), (7) Bhadirak¯ı (for Badarak¯ı), and (8) Pi´sacak ¯ ¯ı. There are also troops of various vetalas, assemblages of yogin ¯ ¯ıs and heroes, a sky-going female, an earth-going female, and also other [females] who have superhuman powers. There are also other females [who are] headless and running, headless and dancing, and legless and sleeping. [Some] have the heads [in the shape] of beaks of a crow and other [birds].<sup>1678</sup> They also dance with joy because of being in a great meditative state. This way, he should make all lunar mansions [placed] in the middle of the ground. [They] should be known in [their] respective colors. Everyone has a vehicle. He should thus make [placement of those beings] in all charnel grounds.

/rdzogs pa'i byang chub rgyu'i bdag nyid/ /yongs rdzogs dkyil 'khor bsgom par bya//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.250ab.

The man. d. ala should be visualized completely, [as it is] by itself a means for perfect enlightenment.

'di ni sku'i 'khor lo sku **(D 21r6)** gsum gyi bdag nyid dang sprul pa dang lhan cig pa ste gsum pa'o//

→ *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava*, 15.259–260.

The Body Circle is thus [taught, which] has the nature of the Triple Body, [which] is included in the Emanation [Layer], and is the third [circle].

*9.3.14. Empowerment and Offerings*

9.3.14.1. The Three Letters and the Armor Mantras

gtso bo'i thugs kar nyi ma la gnas pa'i hu¯m. gi sa bon ljang sngon bsam par bya'o// mgo bor zla ba dang 'khor lo la gnas pa'i om. dkar po'o// mgrin par zla ba dang pa dma la gnas pa'i a¯h. dmar **(D 21r7)** po'o// snying gar zla ba dang rdo rje la gnas pa'i hu¯m. sngon po'o// dkyil 'khor pa thams cad la'ang snying gar nyi ma la gnas pa'i hu¯m. rang rang gi kha dog can yod par bsam par mos par bya'o//1679

<sup>1677</sup> The text is *u war¯* . I have followed the *D. ak¯ arn ¯ . ava* (15.245d), *umbar¯ı* (whose Tibetan is *u dum bar¯* ).

<sup>1678</sup> For "a crow and other [birds]" the text is *lus sogs*, which literally means "the body and the others". The *lus*, whose Sanskrit is *kaya ¯* , seems a mistranslation of the word *kaka ¯* . See also the *D. ak¯ ar¯ n. ava* (15.248b), *kak¯ adi ¯* (whose Tibetan is also *lus songs*).

<sup>1679</sup> thams cad la'ang ] D; thams cad la yang P.

He should visualize the seed [letter] *hu¯m.* colored in greenish-dark blue and placed on a sun [disk] in the chest of the Lord; [the letter] *om.* colored in white and placed on a disk on a moon [disk] in the head; [the letter] *a¯h.* colored in red and placed on a lotus on a moon [disk] in the throat; and [the letter] *hu¯m.* colored in dark blue and placed on a vajra on a moon [disk] in the heart. He should also contemplate and be convinced that every man. d. ala deity also has [the letter] *hu¯m.* with one's own color on a sun [disk] in the heart.1680

de nas gtso bo'i thugs ka'i hu¯m. gnyis kyi bar du ram. dmar po las nyi ma'i dkyil **(D 21v1)** 'khor ro//

Subsequently, between the two *hu¯m.* [letters] in the chest of the Lord [there is the letter] *ram.* , red, from [which] a sun disk is [developed].

de'i steng du/ om. ha vam. ha v¯ a¯m. hi **vim.** h¯ı **v¯ım.** hu **vum.** hu¯ **vum¯ .** he **vem.** hai **vaim.** ho **vom.** hau **vaum.** ham. vam. hah. vah. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. phat. phat. phat. phat. svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a/¯ <sup>1681</sup> zhes bya ba kha dog dkar dmar g-yon skor du sbrul 'khyil ba ltar gnas pa rdo rje sems dpa' dang phag mo'i ngo bo//<sup>1682</sup>

On that [sun disk in the heart he should visualize a mantra], "*Om. , ha vam. ha v ¯ a¯m. hi vim. h¯ı v¯ım. hu vum. hu v ¯ u¯m. he vem. hai vaim. ho vom. hau vaum. ham. vam. hah. vah. , hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. , phat. phat. phat. phat., svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a¯*"; [this is] colored whitish-red, is arranged in the form of a snake's coil in a counterclockwise direction, and has the nature of Vajrasattva and Var¯ ah¯ ¯ı.<sup>1683</sup>

mgo bor de bzhin du nyi ma la **(D 21v2)/** om. na ham. na h¯ a¯m. ni him. n¯ı h¯ım. nu hum. nu h ¯ u¯m. ne hem. nai haim. no hom. nau haum. nam. ham. nah. hah. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. phat. phat. phat. phat. svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a/¯ <sup>1684</sup> ser zhing sngo bas rnam par snang mdzad do// gshin rje ma'i rang bzhin no//1685

Likewise, on a sun [disk] in the head [he should visualize a mantra], "*Om. , na ham. na¯ ha¯m. ni him. n¯ı h¯ım. nu hum. nu h ¯ u¯m. ne hem. nai haim. no hom. nau haum. nam. ham. nah. hah. ,*

<sup>1680</sup> The "respective color" (*rang rang gi kha dog can*) seems to mean that the colors of *hu¯m.* are the same as the colors of the bodies of the man. d. ala deities.

<sup>1681</sup> om. ha vam. ha v¯ a¯m. ] D; om. ha bam. ha ba ¯ m. <sup>P</sup> ♦ hi vim. h¯ı v¯ım. hu vum. hu v ¯ u¯m. he vem. hai vaim. ho vom. hau vaum. ] *em.*; hi bi h¯ı b¯ı hu bu hu b ¯ u he be hai bai ho bo hau bau DP. ¯ <sup>1682</sup> g-yon skor du ] D; g-yon bskor du P.

<sup>1683</sup> This mantra comprises the armor mantras of Vajrasattva (*om. ha*, generally placed on the heart) and Var¯ ah¯ ¯ı (*om. vam.* , generally placed on the navel).

<sup>1684</sup> na ham. ] D; nam. ham. P ♦ no hom. nau haum. ] D; no ho P.

<sup>1685</sup> gshin rje ma'i ] D; gshin rje mi'i P.

*hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. , phat. phat. phat. phat., svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a¯*"; [this is colored] yellowish-dark blue and has the nature of Vairocana and Yamin ¯ ¯ı.<sup>1686</sup>

spyi gtsug tu nyi ma la/ om. sva hram. sva hr ¯ a¯m. svi hrim. sv¯ı hr¯ım. svu hrum. **svum¯ .** hru¯m. sve hrem. svai hraim. svo hrom. svau hraum. **svam.** hram. svah. **hrah.** hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. phat. **(D 21v3)** phat. phat. phat. svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a/¯ <sup>1687</sup> zhes bya ba dmar zhing dkar ba pa dma gar gyi dbang phyug dang rmongs byed ma'i ngo bo'i//

On a sun [disk] at the top of the head [he should visualize a mantra], "*Om. , sva hram. sva hr ¯ a¯m. svi hrim. sv¯ı hr¯ım. svu hrum. svu¯m. hru¯m. sve hrem. svai hraim. svo hrom. svau hraum. svam. hram. svah. hrah. , hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. , phat. phat. phat. phat., svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a¯*"; [this is colored] reddish-white and has the nature of Padmanarte´svara and Mohan¯ı.<sup>1688</sup>

dpung pa gnyis kyi nang du nyi ma la/ om. va hram. va hr ¯ a¯m. vi hrim. v¯ı hr¯ım. vu hrum. vu hr ¯ u¯m. ve hrem. vai hraim. vo hrom. vau hraum. **vam. hram.** vah. hrah. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. phat. phat. phat. phat. svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a/¯ <sup>1689</sup> zhes bya ba gnag cing ser ba he **(D 21v4)** ru ka dang **skyod byed ma**'o//<sup>1690</sup>

On a sun [disk] in both shoulders [he should visualize a mantra], *om. va hram. va hr ¯ a¯m. vi hrim. v¯ı hr¯ım. vu hrum. vu hr ¯ u¯m. ve hrem. vai hraim. vo hrom. vau hraum. vam. hram. vah. hrah. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. phat. phat. phat. phat. svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a¯*; [this is colored] blackish-yellow [and has the nature of] Heruka and Sam. calin ¯ ¯ı.<sup>1691</sup>

spyan gnyis pa la nyi ma'i steng du/ om. hu¯m. hu¯m. ham. ham. ha¯m. ha¯m. him. him. h¯ım. h¯ım. **hum. hum.** hu¯m. hu¯m. hem. hem. haim. haim. hom. hom. haum. haum. ham. ham. hah. hah. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. phat. phat. phat. phat. svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a/¯ <sup>1692</sup> zhes bya ba rnams dmar zhing ljang ba rdo rje nyi ma dang skrag byed ma'o//

<sup>1686</sup> This mantra comprises the armor mantras of Vairocana (*namah. hi* or *nama hi*, generally placed on the head) and Yamin ¯ ¯ı (*ham¯ . yom.* , generally placed on the heart).

<sup>1687</sup> svu¯m. hru¯m. ] P; sbu hr ¯ u¯m. <sup>D</sup> ♦ svo hrom. svau hraum. ] D; svo hro svau hrau P ♦ svam. hram. svah. hrah. ] *em.*; swa hram. swah. hrah¯ . D; svam. hram. svah. hrah¯ . P.

<sup>1688</sup> This mantra comprises the armor mantras of Padmanarte´svara (*svah¯ a hu ¯* , generally placed on the top of the head) and Mohan¯ı (*hr¯ım. mom.* , generally placed on the mouth).

<sup>1689</sup> vam. hram. ] P; ba hra D.

<sup>1690</sup> skyod byed ma'o ] *em.*; skrod byed ma'o D; bskrod byed ma P. I have emended the text because she must be Sam. calin ¯ ¯ı.

<sup>1691</sup> This mantra comprises the armor mantras of Heruka (*vaus. at. he*, generally placed on both shoulders) and Sam. calin ¯ ¯ı (*hrem. hr¯ım.* , generally placed on the head).

<sup>1692</sup> om. hu¯m. hu¯m. ] D; om. hum. hu¯m. <sup>P</sup> ♦ hum. hum. hu¯m. hu¯m. ] *em.*; hu¯m. hu¯m. DP ♦ hem. hem. ] D; hem. hem. hem. hem. P.

On a sun [disk] in both eyes [he should visualize a mantra], "*Om. , hu¯m. hu¯m. ham. ham. ha¯m. ha¯m. him. him. h¯ım. h¯ım. hum. hum. hu¯m. hu¯m. hem. hem. haim. haim. hom. hom. haum. haum. ham. ham. hah. hah. , hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. , phat. phat. phat. phat., svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a¯*"; [this is colored] reddish-green [and has the nature of] Vajrasurya and Sam ¯ . trasan ¯ ¯ı.1693

mdzod spu'i **thad ka'i** nang du nyi ma la **(D 21v5)**/<sup>1694</sup> om. phat. phat. pha pha pha ph ¯ a phi phi ph ¯ ¯ı ph¯ı phu phu phu ph ¯ u phe phe phai phai pho pho ¯ phau phau pham. pham. phah. phah. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. phat. phat. phat. phat. svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a/¯ <sup>1695</sup> zhes bya ba ljang zhing **dud kha** rta mchog dang gtum mo ste/1696 'di las yi ge'i tshogs 'phros pas rkang mthil nas spyi bo'i bar du de'i rdul phra rab bo//1697

On a sun [disk] at the spot of the circle of hair between the eyebrows [he should visualize a mantra], "*Om. , phat. phat. pha pha pha ph ¯ a phi phi ph ¯ ¯ı ph¯ı phu phu phu ph ¯ u phe ¯ phe phai phai pho pho phau phau pham. pham. phah. phah. , hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. hu¯m. , phat. phat. phat. phat., svah¯ a sv ¯ ah¯ a¯*"; [this is colored] greenish-gray [and has the nature of] Parama´¯sva and Can. d. ika. From this [mantra in between the eyebrows], masses of letters are ¯ spread out and its minute particles (viz., the letters) [fulfill the entire body] from the soles of the feet to the head.1698

lus kyi **(D 21v6)** phyi rol du om. ha dkar po snying ga dang/ nama hi ser po mgo bo la dang/ svah¯ a hu dmar po spyi gtsug tu dang/ vau ¯ s.at. he nag po dpung pa gnyis la dang/1699 hu¯m. hu¯m. ho dmar ser mig gnyis la dang/ yan lag thams cad la phat. ham. ljang gu'o//1700

Regarding the outer side (surface) of the body [of the Lord, he should visualize] the white [letters] *om. ha* on the heart, the yellow *nama hi* (for *namah. hi* = *namo hi*) on the head, the red *svah¯ a hu ¯* on the top of the head, the black *vaus. at. he* on both shoulders, the reddish-yellow *hu¯m. hu¯m. ho* on both eyes, and the green *phat. ham.* on all body limbs.

<sup>1693</sup> This mantra comprises the armor mantras of Vajrasurya ( ¯ *hu¯m. hu¯m. ho*, generally placed on both eyes) and Sam. trasan ¯ ¯ı (*hum¯ . hum¯ .* , generally placed on the top of the head).

<sup>1694</sup> thad ka'i ] P; thang ka'i D.

<sup>1695</sup> om. phat. phat. ] D; om. P.

<sup>1696</sup> dud kha ] P; dud ka D.

<sup>1697</sup> bar du ] D; bar P.

<sup>1698</sup> This mantra comprises the armor mantras of Parama´¯sva (*phat. ham.* , generally placed on all limbs of the body) and Can. d. ika ( ¯ *phat. phat.*, generally placed on all limbs of the body).

<sup>1699</sup> dpung pa ] D; dpung P.

<sup>1700</sup> ljang gu ] D; ljang dgu P.

rdo rje phag mo'i lte bar om. vam. **(D 21v7)** dmar po dang/ **ham¯ .** yom. sngon mo snying gar ro//1701 **hr¯ım.** mom. dkar mo kha la'o//1702 hrem. **hr¯ım.** ser mo mgo bo la'o//<sup>1703</sup> hu¯m. hu¯m. ljang gu spyi gtsug tu'o// phat. phat. dud ka smin mtshams su bkod de/ de las 'phros pa'i lus thams cad dgang ba'o//

The red [set pf letters] *om. vam.* is on the navel of Vajravar¯ ah¯ ¯ı. The dark blue *ha¯m. yom.* is on the heart. The white *hr¯ım. mom.* is on the mouth. The yellow *hrem. hr¯ım.* is on the head. The green *hu¯m. hu¯m.* is on the top of the head. The gray *phat. phat.* is arranged between the eyebrows, and [its letters] are spread from that and covers all [limbs of] the body.
