4.5.4. Residential Lighting

Regarding residential lighting, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Beijing have corresponding regulations, but Tianjin does not. A residential area is a low-light area with low illumination. Shanghai limits the maximum vertical illumination on the surface of a residential building's windows and the maximum light intensity for luminaires that point to the windows of the residential building. This effectively controls the impact of public road lighting [23]. Guangzhou has drafted light radiation environmental managemen<sup>t</sup> specifications (draft for comment). Lighting-related restrictions in residential areas

have not been separately proposed. However, prohibition of housing, hospital outpatient emergency buildings and ward buildings, teaching buildings, and kindergartens is mentioned in the prohibition range of the glass curtain wall [24]. In the interference light limitation, Beijing has proposed strict control of interference light from night lighting facilities on houses, apartments, hospital wards, etc. The maximum vertical illumination on the windows of residences and hospital wards is given, and the maximum light intensity of the illuminant is directly seen from the inside [25]. Table 10 shows the maximum vertical illumination on windows in Shanghai. Table 11 shows the maximum light intensity limit on windows in Shanghai. Table 12 shows the vertical illumination limit on windows and light intensity of the illuminator on windows in Beijing (light intensity is the amount of visible power per unit solid angle, measured in candelas (cd, or lm/sr) [17]).

**Table 10.** The maximum vertical illuminance on the surface of a residential building window in Shanghai.


**Table 11.** The maximum light intensity limit for a luminaire in a residential building window in Shanghai.


**Table 12.** Interference light control in residential rooms and hospital ward windows in Beijing.

