**2. Methods**

A literature review plays a key role in the field of scientific development [15]. In order to better understand the background of the light pollution policy in China and South Korea, this study searched for relevant information on the website of the Chinese People's Congress, the site of the Shanghai People's Government, the site of the Guangzhou People's Government, Beijing People's Government site, Tianjin People's Government website, and other related websites using the search term "light pollution policy, light pollution law, and light pollution ordinance". We also searched for the legal administration services website in Seoul, South Korea. Furthermore, we used a lot of relevant literature from Google Scholar, MDPI, Elsevier, and other related literature search engines to provide constructive opinions.

### **3. Seoul Light Pollution Ordinance**

The Seoul metropolitan governmen<sup>t</sup> enacted an ordinance on the prevention and managemen<sup>t</sup> of light pollution, herein referred to as the ordinance, on 15 July 2010. The purpose of the ordinance is to improve the quality of life for citizens, protect ecosystems, and save energy by preventing unnecessary lighting practices. It is applied under three categories of lighting practices: Space lighting, advertisement lighting, and decorative lighting. In addition, the ordinance classifies all areas in Seoul into four classes based on land usage as dictated by the Korean Ministry of Transport [16]. These classes are known as "light environment managemen<sup>t</sup> zones". The idea behind light managemen<sup>t</sup> zones is to allow di fferent levels of lighting in areas that serve di fferent purposes; for instance, lighting levels in a commercial area should be relatively higher than those in a residential area. Permissible lighting levels are, therefore, provided for lighting in each of the four land use categories. Table 1 shows the classification of areas in the city of Seoul based on land usage.


**Table 1.** Classification of areas for lighting management.
