3.1.2. Gym

The simulations run under the current room configuration show how only the gym comply with the prescriptions being set by the Italian building codes for schools in terms of achievement of the minimum *aDF* and *UR* values listed in Table 1. In fact, if looking at Table 4, *aDF* amounts to 3.4% and *UR* amounts to 68% respectively.

For the same room, the *sDA* metrics delineates good daylight availability (the indoor illuminance is higher than 300 lux in 97% of the space for at least 50% of the occupancy period) because of the large amount of windows that are placed on the west and east oriented walls. For the same reasons, a high value of the *ASE* metrics (amounting to 68.2%) should be expected because of direct sunlight entering the gym both in the morning from the east exposed windows and in the afternoon from the west exposed windows.

However, this piece of information is not enough to support the occurrence of glare issues. In fact, if looking at the *UDI* distribution in Table 4, it is seen that illuminance values are for almost 94% of the time within the 'useful' range of 100 to 2000 lux, with just a few hours of the year (around 6%) being above the upper threshold. Furthermore, glare is a complex phenomenon to assess as it depends on several concurrent factors not ye<sup>t</sup> fully understood [16,17,27]. From the fisheye pictures reported in the Appendix A, it appears that during the above-mentioned summer and winter days *DGPs* values as high as 0.24 should be expected, and thus an imperceptible glare condition is predicted for this observer's position irrespective of different sun's heights.

To have a long-term understanding of glare issues, a yearlong *DGPs* calculation has been carried out for the same observer's positions used for the instantaneous calculation. The corresponding results are presented in Figure 4c for the gym and shows that *DGPs* values are higher than 0.45 for most of the occupied hours (from 8 a.m. to 1 a.m.), thus highlighting the need for implementing some shading provision on the west and east oriented windows.

Furthermore, exemplary hourly luminance patterns during 7 December from 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. are reported in the supplementary materials section by using animated GIF pictures of the three rooms discussed so far. Although rather qualitative, this representation makes easy to identify the presence of direct sunlight patches falling within the observer's field of view at different times of the year, thus helping to inform the design of the various shading and re-directing devices discussed in the next subsection.
