*2.1. Study Location*

A survey was conducted in a night market in Surin province, in Thailand (Figure 3). Surin is one of the northeastern provinces in Thailand, and it is considered one of the poorest areas. It covers a total area of 8124 km<sup>2</sup> and borders Oddar Meancheay of Cambodia. For centuries, northeastern provinces were considered to be isolated from the rest of the country. However, like other rural provinces in Thailand, Surin is also undergoing urbanization and becoming a tourist attraction, and many night markets have emerged and become popular destinations that can be easily found in almost every district along the province. Night markets there mainly sell food, clothes, and accessories. The vendors usually use an arbitrary number of any kind of lamp and different levels of illumination, without following a strict regulation. The market opened from 5:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m.

**Figure 3.** Study case: Surin province night market.
