**6. Discussion**

Compared with the original AO algorithm, the improved algorithm improves the convergence speed and convergence accuracy and can obtain better objective function values in fewer iterations. Based on the better objective function value, it can be concluded that the economic cost of the system is reduced and the exhaust emissions are reduced. This study contributes to the optimal configuration of the CCHP system. The optimal configuration model based on the IAO algorithm has played an essential role in influencing and promoting the related fields.

In terms of reducing economic costs, this study proposes a new energy storage equipment configuration scheme. Through the coordination of energy storage equipment and photovoltaic power generation equipment, the demand of the system for grid power supply is reduced. Therefore, the exhaust gas emissions from grid power generation are reduced, thus symmetrically reducing the economic investment required for exhaust gas treatment. Meanwhile, the reduced power supply can reduce the pressure on the grid and improve the flexibility of the CCHP system. The CCHP system can still maintain a relatively stable operation when an accident occurs on the grid. In addition, through the construction of ESS, the intermittency of photovoltaic power generation can be further alleviated, and the ESS operator can still ge<sup>t</sup> the revenue to keep operating normally.

In terms of exhaust emissions, the system emits the least quantity of exhaust gases when operating with the scheme proposed in this study. The quantity of the exhaust emissions is linked to the cost required to treat the exhaust gas. In addition, the reduction of exhaust emissions can also decrease the damage to the atmosphere. With lower emissions, the cost of treating the exhaust gas is reduced, thus saving the economic investment of the system. As an important part of the ecological environment, reducing exhaust gas pollution

and maintaining a clean atmosphere can promote the green cycle of the entire ecosystem. This study provides a sustainable and effective new idea for the green development of the microgrid.

This study makes full use of clean energy to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy sources. Under the premise of meeting the load requirements from users, this study is committed to finding an effective system configuration solution. In the context of energy crisis and environmental problems, energy conservation and emission reduction are important issues that both companies and individuals cannot ignore. The CCHP system has raised the utilization rate of energy to a new level. The emergence of CCHP systems provides an effective implementation way for energy cascade utilization. Based on the traditional CCHP system, the introduction of photovoltaic power generation equipment can improve the environmental protection benefits of the system and save fossil fuels. Considering the current rising prices of non-renewable energy, reducing the consumption of natural gas raw materials and making full use of clean power generation methods can reduce dependence on imported energy. This study provides an effective way to reduce energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions, which can promote sustainable development.
