**5. Conclusions**

This paper proposed an enhanced sparrow search algorithm (ESSA) using elite reverse learning and Firefly algorithm (FA) mutation strategies for optimal power microgrid operations planning. The operations planning in the microgrid of the power system is significant not only in dispatch economic but also in balancing distribution symmetry power sources, including wind turbines, photovoltaic, energy storage systems, microturbines, fuel cells, and various parts of the load set. We verified the proposed ESSA performance of enhancing search accuracy and convergence speed by testing the selected benchmark functions and compared the testing results with the other methods in the literature. The mathematical model of optimal operations planning of the microgrid schedule was established based on the grid-connected and off-grid microgrids for a distributed power source's optimal output and total operation cost in a microgrid scheduling cycle. The mathematical operating model considered as the objective function was calculated for the optimization by applying the ESSA. The compared results show the suggested method is feasibile and effective

with high precision and a fast convergence speed regarding its optimization ability and outstanding application prospects.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, T.-T.N. and T.-K.D.; methodology, T.-T.N.; software, T.-K.D.; validation, T.-T.-T.N., T.-K.D. and T.-G.N.; formal analysis, T.-K.D.; investigation, T.-T.N.; resources, T.-K.D.; writing—original draft preparation, T.-G.N.; writing—review and editing, T.-T.N.; visualization, T.-G.N.; supervision, T.-T.-T.N.; project administration, T.-G.N.; funding acquisition, T.-K.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
