*3.1. Equipment Description*

#### 3.1.1. Power Supply Equipment

(1) Photovoltaic power generation model.

Photovoltaic power generation is introduced into the CCHP system as a clean power generation method. It converts solar energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. The PV output electrical energy is expressed as follows:

$$P\_{pv} = N\_{pv} \cdot (\frac{G\_{pv}}{G\_{\rm STC}}) \cdot [1 + k(T\_{pv} - T\_{\rm STC})] \tag{1}$$

where, *Ppv* denotes the power output of PV, *Npv* denotes the installed capacity of PV, *Gpv* and *Tpv* denote the solar irradiation intensity received by photovoltaic panels and the surface temperature of photovoltaic panels, *G*STC and *T*STC denote the solar irradiation intensity received by photovoltaic panels and the surface temperature of photovoltaic panels under standard test conditions, taking values of 1000 W/m<sup>2</sup> and 25 ◦C, and *k* denotes the correlation coefficient.

(2) Micro turbine model.

MT is not only responsible for supplying electricity to the load, but the waste heat generated will also be further utilized through HR. The expression of MT output electricity is as follows:

$$P\_{mt} = F\_{mt} \cdot \alpha \cdot \eta\_{mt} \tag{2}$$

where *Pmt* denotes the electrical power output of MT, *Fmt* denotes the consumption volume of natural gas, *α* is the calorific value of natural gas with a value of 9.7 kWh/m3, and *ηmt* denotes the power generation efficiency of MT.

(3) Energy storage station model.

The energy storage station is one of the crucial devices in the system. The regulating effect of ESS further improves the performance of the system. Meanwhile, ESS operators can make a profit.

$$P\_{bat}^{t} = P\_{bat}^{t-1} \cdot (1 - \eta\_{bat,loss}) + (P\_{buy}^{t} \cdot \eta\_{bat,cl} - \frac{P\_{selll}^{t}}{\eta\_{bat,disch}}) \tag{3}$$

where *Ptbat* and *Pt*−<sup>1</sup> *bat* denote the power of ESS at time *t* and *t* − 1, *ηbat*,*loss* denotes the self-discharge rate of ESS, *Ptbuy* and *Ptsell* denote the power purchased and sold by ESS from the CCHP system at time *t*, and *ηbat*,*ch* and *ηbat*,*disch* denote the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of the energy storage battery.
