*3.2. PAH Pollutant Analysis*

The identification of hydrocarbon pollutants, especially the PAH type, and other hydrocarbon components in the samples was completed using the GC/MS chromatogram data. The parameters used to determine the presence of PAH-type pollutants in the samples were based on several recorded chromatogram data units, namely, the peak number, retention time, peak height as a manifestation of the component abundance, the content in percentage units in relation to the total PAH, and the component name.

According to the source (ST 1–3), each sample's complete details regarding the PAHtype hydrocarbon pollutants are presented in tabular form (Tables 4–6). As shown in Tables 4–6, the peak numbers are not sequential, and it is known that each peak is identical to one component [88,89]. Some peak numbers are not included in the table, due to several different reasons: first, the peak that appears is not a PAH component. Second, it is a PAH component, but the level of similarity with the comparison component (library instrument) does not reach the minimum standard of 85% [44,54,73]. Third, the components that appear are PAH derivatives. The PAH data from the four samples obtained from ST 1 (Table 4) indicate that the component is naphthalene (NL). The abundance of PAH components in the samples occurred in the following order: NL >> BZ >AZ >PR >PH. The peak numbers in the recorded GS/MS chromatograms are sequential, according to the number of components [9,74]. However, some peak numbers are not included in the data (Table 1), indicating that the peak number is not considered to be a PAH component or that it may be a derivative of a type of PAH, but the level of similarity with the standard library on the instrument does not reach 85% [88,90,91].


**Table 4.** Types and abundance of PAH in samples collected from ST 1 based on the GC/MS chromatogram.

Note: the compounds included are those with a level of similarity (quality) reaching ≥ 85%. NL = Naphthalene group; AZ = Azulene class; PH = Phenyl group; PN = Pyrene group; BZ = Benzene group.

The results of the identification of the PAH pollutant samples obtained from ST 2 were similar to those collected from ST 1. The PAH pollutant types, NL and PN, were found in all of the samples. The abundance of components in each sample was in the following order: NL > > PN >PD. The AZ, BZ, and PH were only identified in the sediment samples, and PT was only found in the sponge samples (Table 5).

**Table 5.** Types and abundance of compound hydrocarbon and PAH in samples at ST 2 station based on GC/MS chromatogram.


Note: the compounds included are those that have a level of similarity (quality) reaching ≥ 85%. NL = naphthalene group; AZ = Azulene class; PT = phenanthrene; PN = Pyrene group; BZ = Benzene group; PH = Phenyl group; PD = Pentadecane.

The results of the analysis of PAH pollutants obtained from ST 3 (Table 6) are similar to those for the samples from ST 1 and 2. The NL and PR were found in the four sample types, while the PT types were identified in the sediment, sponge, and water samples. AZ PAH pollutants were identified in the sediment and sponge samples, while BZ was only found in the sediment samples (Table 6) [54,79]. The abundance of components was, in order, NL > > PN >PT. Comparing the variation of PAH components identified at all sampling stations (Tables 4–6), the types of PAH in the sediment samples were more varied, followed

by the sponge samples, and then the seawater and fish samples [14,86,87]. The types of PAH pollutants identified in each sample showed that the PAH contained in the sediment samples were similar to those found in the sponge samples, while the seawater samples showed similar results to the fish samples [92,93]. This result is quite rational if we consider that sponges tend to settle at the bottom of the water (sediment), and the dominant habitat of fish is the water.


**Table 6.** Types and abundance of PAH in samples obtained from ST 3 based on the GC/MS chromatogram.

Note: the compounds included are those that have a level of similarity (quality) reaching ≥ 85%. NL = Naphthalene group; AZ = Azulene class; PT = phenanthrene; PN = Pyrene group; BZ = Benzene group.
