2.2.3. Construction Equipment

The research conducted by Dumitrescu and Delsenicu [28] identified that the equipment's complexity and maintenance adequacy can affect an operator's performance. Naskoudakis and Petroutsatou [31] emphasized the fact that, with regard to equipment development, new methods and designs are implemented to enhance reliability, machine control, comfort, and safety and to reduce the costs derived from failures and breakdowns, signifying the importance of the equipment's innovation as an influential factor. Their literature review also highlighted the importance of fleet management and construction equipment deployment. According to Vorster [4], fleet management should fulfill three overriding and critically important goals directly linked to human factors: (i) the equipment must be in the right place at the right time, (ii) the equipment must achieve the stated levels of reliability and uptime, and (iii) the total owning and operating costs must be kept to a competitive minimum.
