*4.5. Identify the Relationship between Activities and Establish an Original DSM*

It should be noted that there are not only the feedforward and feedback relationships between the internal activities of each stage but also feedforward and feedback relationships between the cross-stage activities. There are three main stages of design, preparation, and construction in the basic model, and there are feedforward and feedback information flows between multiple cross-stage activities. Since the construction stage may encounter different assumptions from the design, the construction activities need feedback information from the initial design to guide the modification, so the possible process cycles appear within the stages and appear between stages. The dependence between activities lists in Table 3. The original DSM is shown in Figure 5.


**Figure 5.** The original activity-based DSM of the project.
