*4.7. Yehud Attic Standard Quarter Obol Type 24 O1/R2*

VT of the Type 24 O1/R2 Yehud quarter *obol* revealed a preserved silver metal. The obverse depicts a facing head and the reverse an owl standing right, head facing. The bright areas observed in the SEM BSE mode are silver metal regions and the dark areas are covered with oxides and some corrosion products (Figure 11 and Supplementary Materials, Figure S6). The SEM-EDS analysis results of three Yehud quarter *obol* Type 24 O1/R2 specimens (obverse and reverse surfaces, Figure 11 and Supplementary Materials, Figure S6 and Table S7) revealed that the coins were composed of silver, though other elements were also detected, including Cu, O, Si, Cl, Al, Ca, and Fe (Supplementary Materials, Table S7).

The alloy of the coins revealed a composition of 100 wt% Ag. No presence of Cu was detected in Type 24 O1/R2 coins (and Supplementary Materials, Table S7, where 20 different areas of the obverse and reverse sides of these coins were measured).

**Figure 11.** SEM images of the Trans-Jordan hoard coin Type 24 O1/R2: (**a**) coin Trans-Jordan 11 obverse side with a facing head (SE mode); (**b**) coin Trans-Jordan 11 reverse side with and owl (BSE mode); (**c**) coin Trans-Jordan 12 reverse (SE mode); and (**d**) coin Trans-Jordan 12 reverse (BSE mode). The areas 1–4 inside the squares were examined by EDS analysis.

#### *4.8. Yehud Attic Standard Hemiobol Type 31 O1/R1*

SEM BSE mode observations of the obverse and reverse of Type 31 O1/R1 coins (head of roaring lion/bird standing, right head reverted) revealed bright areas of well-preserved silver metal, though dark areas covered with oxides and corrosion products were also detected (Figure 12 and Supplementary Materials, Figure S7a).

The SEM-EDS analysis results of the obverse and reverse of the bright surfaces of six specimens of the Yehud *hemiobol* Type 31 O1/R1 coins revealed that they were mostly composed of silver, though other elements were also detected, including Cu, O, Si, Cl, Al, Ca, Fe, S, and Au (Supplementary Materials, Table S8). One exceptionally dark surface area of the reverse of coin IMJ 34593 (according to BSE mode) was also detected by EDS (scanned area of 200 μm × 200 μm), showing a composition of 14.1 wt% Cu, 44.8 wt% O, and 35.0 wt% Si, as well as the presence of 2.7 wt% Al, 1.4 wt% Fe, and less than 1.0 wt% of the elements Mg, S, and K. This measurement was not included in the average composition value and SD calculations, since only well-preserved areas were included in the calculations.

The alloy of Type 31 O1/R1 coins after omitting the peaks of oxides, corrosion products, and soil elements revealed a composition of 91.0–100 wt% Ag and up to 9.0 wt% Cu, where the average composition value of the alloy of the coins was 98.3 ± 3.7 wt% Ag and 1.7 ± 3.7 wt% Cu (where 44 different areas of the obverse and reverse sides of Type 31 O1/R1 coins were measured).

**Figure 12.** SEM images (BSE mode) of the Yehud *hemiobol* Type 31 O1/R1: (**a**) IMJ 34709 reverse side with an image of a bird standing, right head reverted; (**b**) IMJ 34715 depicts a roaring lion on the obverse; and (**c**) IMJ 34631 and (**d**) IMJ 34594 depict the reverse of these issues. The 1–4 areas inside the squares were examined by EDS analysis.
