*4.6. Yehud Half Gerah Type 16 O2/R2*

Multi-focal LM observation of the Edom hoard no. 2 (IMJ 2020.33.2) coin revealed a well-preserved silver metal, with the reverse depicting a falcon in flight (Figure 10a) and the Paleo-Hebrew inscription YHD (Yeh[u]d) on the right field.

The bright areas observed in the SEM BSE mode are silver metal regions and the dark areas according to BSE mode are covered with oxides and some corrosion products (Figure 10d and Supplementary Materials, Figure S6c). The SEM-EDS analysis results of nine specimens of the Yehud half *gerah* Type 16 O2/R2 coins (obverse and reverse, Figure 10b–d and Supplementary Materials, Figure S5) revealed that the surface of the coins were composed of silver, though other elements were also detected, including Cu, O, Si, Cl, Al, Ca, Fe, S, Pb, K, and Mg (Supplementary Materials, Table S6).

The alloy of the Type 16 O2/R2 coins revealed a composition of 98.3–100 wt% Ag and up to 1.7 wt% Cu (Supplementary Materials, Table S6), where the average composition value of the alloy of the coins after omitting the peaks of oxides, corrosion products, and soil elements was 99.9 ± 0.4 wt% Ag and 0.1 ± 0.4 wt% Cu (where 40 different areas of the Type 16 O2/R2 coins' obverse and reverse sides were measured).

**Figure 10.** Images of the Edom hoard Type 16 O2/R2 coins, with the reverse side showing a design of a falcon in flight: (**a**) multi-focal LM of coin Edom hoard no. 2 (IMJ 2020.33.2); (**b**) SEM observation of coin Edom hoard no. 2 (SE mode); (**c**) coin Edom hoard no. 3 (SE mode); and (**d**) coin Edom hoard no. 3 (BSE mode). The areas inside the squares 1–5 in (**b**,**c**) were examined by EDS analysis.
