*2.1. Materials*

This experiment used the same cement for producing artificial aggregate and testing concrete containing artificial aggregate. The specific gravity of CEM I 42.5 R Portland cement is 3.14, and the Blaine fineness is 326 m2/kg. Table 1 shows the chemical qualities that were employed in this experiment.

Two types of coarse aggregate utilized in manufacturing lightweight aggregate concrete are cold-bonded artificial aggregates and normal aggregates. Materials utilized in artificial aggregate synthesis include FA, GGBFS, and Q powder (see Table 1). The decision was made to use a blend of river sand and crushed limestone sand as the final fine aggregate obtained from a local supplier.

Slag from iron and steelmaking is known as GGBFS. FA from a thermal power plant in Turkey was utilized in this investigation with a specific gravity of 2.25 m2/kg and a fineness of 287 m2/kg. The GGBFS and QP qualities utilized in this experiment are shown in Table 1. Concrete mixes were made more manageable using a water-reducing additive with a specific gravity of 1.19. A superplasticizer (SP) was added to the mix.


**Table 1.** Physical and chemical properties of cement, FA, GGBFS, and QP.
