*4.2. Parameter Setting*

The parameters required for this analysis are density, yield value, and plastic viscosity. Table 1 shows the parameters used in this analysis.

Regarding the analysis parameters of the cement slurry, the density was determined by measuring the mass using a quantitative container with a known volume, and the plastic viscosity was determined using a rotary viscometer. The rotary viscometer employs a B-type viscometer (DV2T), which is relatively easy to handle. The yield value was set to 10 Pa in this analysis by referring to the yield stress of an unconfined compression test on fresh concrete as the yield value of the Bingham fluid.

Regarding the analysis parameters of the ground, the targeted soft ground was determined by assuming a soft ground that needs improvement, referring to the results of tests on soil collected from the field site of the soft ground [21,22]. For the yield value, the authors referred to half of the unconfined compressive strength.

**Table 1.** MPS-CAE analysis parameters.

