*2.4. Evaluation Process*

To make the evaluation results scientific, the construction of the index system follows the principles of comprehensiveness, systematicness, operability, and 3 Rs (reduction, reuse, and recycling). Through an on-site investigation, observation, and questionnaire survey of the project, the relevant government departments, project investors, relevant designers, users, and later, operation managers are consulted; the historical data, project planning scheme, transformation design drawings, and on-site actual information of buildings related to the transformation of the industrial zones are collected; and the factors affecting the whole process of the transformation of the industrial zones are analyzed and summarized. Through the analysis of the information, a list of indicators is made, following the general optimization principle of evaluation indicators. In addition, through repeated communication and argumentation with experts, combined with the actual development of the industrial zone, the preliminary framework of evaluation indicators for the transformation and sustainable development of the industrial zone is summarized from the three aspects of economy, society, and environment.

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) can be used for qualitative and quantitative analyses and is suitable for multi-objective decision-making processes [63,64]. The hierarchical structure model designed in this study is based on the AHP. When selecting model indicators, the key elements that can be changed in the process of the transformation and upgrading of industrial zones are selected, and include aspects of land, architecture, industry, ecology, landscape, and culture. Overall, the indicators take green and low-carbon principle as the starting point, and can reflect the social, economic, and cultural characteristics of industrial zones. At the same time, the selection of indicators focuses on industrial transformation and the demand of landscape perception.

From the perspective of the current development status of existing urban industrial zones in China, the vast majority of industrial zones are in the dual dilemma of lowcarbon transformation as well as development and economic benefit improvement. In the process of index selection, the economic value and utilization efficiency of industrial land are considered. Therefore, in terms of land, geographical conditions, area size, and land function are more important to the economic value of the renewal and transformation of the existing industrial zone. In addition, the indicators of plot ratio and building density are applied to judge the economic value and space utilization efficiency of zoning transformation according to the growth ratio before and after the transformation. In terms of industry, industrial structure, economic benefits, and industrial energy consumption should be considered. For building indicators, the reconstruction value of buildings is determined by the building materials and building quality, the type of buildings is determined by the

building space characteristics, and the energy consumption of buildings is measured by the building's energy consumption per unit output value. The ecological indicator mainly refers to the ecological stock in the industrial zone, including green ecological stock and gray ecological stock. Green ecological stock refers to the existing ecological space in the industrial zone. Gray ecological stock refers to the space that can be transformed into a certain ecological function after a certain transformation, such as roof space, corridor space, impervious ground, and square space. Landscape data include landscape perception and landscape feature data. Landscape perception data include landscape friendliness and attractiveness. Landscape feature data include characteristic buildings and structures and characteristic landscape nodes. In terms of culture, the historical, technological, artistic, and social values of the built space in the industrial zone are considered. Table 1 lists the main level 1 and 2 indicators determined in this study.

**Table 1.** Data types and contents of transformation.


Regarding scoring standards, the ecological indicators are based on existing domestic standards, such as the national eco-industrial demonstration park standards, green building evaluation standards, soil environmental quality standards, etc. The indicators of landscape and culture are mainly evaluated subjectively in view of perceptual experience. Economic indicators are chiefly designed based on the national average level from characteristics and economic value of the park itself. For example, as far as the indicators of geographical conditions are concerned, considering that the distance between industrial areas and urban centers of cities of different sizes will be different, the distance judgment index is used to eliminate the impact of urban size, where L is the distance between the industrial zones and the urban centers, and S represents the urban administrative boundary area. When formulating the scoring standard, 50 cities with different grades and scales and their industrial areas were manually classified and compared with the K value. In this paper, three types of industrial zones are preliminarily demarcated, and when the demarcation range is: 0 < K ≤ 0.06, it is the urban type; when 0.06 < K ≤ 0.2, it is the suburban type; when 0.2 < K, it is the outer suburban type. Subsequently, the geographical conditions of the industry are scored according to the interval value.

After obtaining the data, the indicators were scored according to the actual data. The weight can reflect the relative importance of each evaluation index in the evaluation system. In the model, a judgment matrix of each index was established. Eighteen experts in the six fields of land, architecture, industry, ecology, landscape, and culture were invited to rank the importance of each index in this field using the 1–9 scale method. The matrix value is the ratio of the importance of the two elements, and the index value in each level is the relative weight. The square root method was used to solve the normalized eigenvector and eigenvalue, and each feature vector was the weight of the evaluation factor. According to the weight of the judgment matrix, the score of each subsystem index was summed as the total score of the sustainable development degree in this field.

#### **3. Results**

Using the building indicators as an example (Tables 2 and 3), each indicator has corresponding secondary indicators and scoring standards. This is to obtain the building data scores before and after the transformation and then calculate the scores of the other five categories according to the same method.

**Table 2.** Indexing system for buildings.


**Table 3.** Score before and after reconstruction of the building system.


The score of each group before and after the transformation is shown in the radar chart (Figure 7), and the development of each index can be intuitively understood. Following the transformation, we measured improvements of 33% for land, 40% for architecture, 35% for industry, 16% for ecology, 36% for landscape perception, and 39% for culture (Table 4).

**Figure 7.** The evaluation model of Chongqing University Design and Creative Industrial zone.


**Table 4.** Comparison of indices before and after transformation.

In the process of reconstruction, the design team retain the original overall structure and fully respect the original appearance, and the historical significance of the old buildings is preserved and sublimated. Reusing building materials reduces waste generation, saves investment costs, and decreases the consumption of natural resources. Moreover, renovating existing buildings can make people deeply understand the impact of building on the environment and actively participate in the action of improving the environment.

At the same time, the company building kept the terrazzo floor, partial walls, large motors, warning signs, coils, and other devices left by the old cable factory. These articles are also the products of an era. Thus, the industrial culture and industrial spirit of the original cable factory are retained, and the industrial culture is continued. In the design process, the design team combined with Chongqing University's own historical and cultural heritage and the original architectural color; the industrial design style was adopted, with black, white, gray, bright red, and bright yellow as the main colors. This color matching is consistent with the style of Chongqing University, which will make the users of the zone continue to feel the essence of the Creative Industrial Zone and generate a sense of belonging and pride due to their emotional and spiritual cognition to Chongqing University [65,66].

#### **4. Discussion**

By changing land use and increasing building area and plot ratio, the indicator score of land increased from 3.28 to 4.35, an increase of 33%. By improving the existing building quality, optimizing the building space, making full use of the original buildings and facilities, and realizing the green transformation of the building, the indicator score of the building increased from 2.83 to 3.95, an increase of 40%.

In terms of industry, the cable manufacturing industry was transformed into a cultural and creative industry. After the transformation, the GDP of the industrial zone increased, the carbon emission per unit GDP decreased, and the proportion of high-tech industries increased. The final score increased from 2.6 to 3.5, an increase of 35%. In terms of ecology, positive changes included attempting to increase the number of trees, optimizing the green space structure, reducing patch fragmentation, strengthening connectivity, and reducing the proportion of impervious ground. After the transformation, the score increased from 3.16 to 3.66, and the ecological function will be gradually enhanced. Due to the short time interval before and after the transformation, the overall score increased by 16%.

In terms of landscape, mainly from the perspective of people's perception of the landscape, the principles of landscape creation were used to improve landscape friendliness by optimizing the comfort, accessibility, and participation of the landscape, focusing on building characteristic industrial buildings, public spaces, and landscape nodes. The score of landscape increased from 2.24 to 3.02, an increase of 36%. This kind of landscape contains a certain man-made and natural meaning and meets people's spiritual needs. This spirit is established above natural and artificial elements, which optimizes the benefit to mankind as well as achieving ecological sustainability.

In terms of culture, the industrial zone is combined with urban historical, cultural, and socio-economic factors. The cultural traces of the existing industrial zone in different periods were retained in different forms, and the historical, scientific, technological, and artistic value of the original buildings and facilities in the industrial zone were improved to improve people's perception of history and culture. The cultural score increased from 3.05 before the transformation to 4.25, an increase of 39%.
