*Article* **Identifying the Barriers to Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Waste in Developed and Developing Countries**

**Ali Al-Otaibi 1,\*, Patrick Aaniamenga Bowan 2, Mahmoud M. Abdel daiem 1,3, Noha Said 3, John Obas Ebohon 4, Aasem Alabdullatief 5, Essa Al-Enazi <sup>6</sup> and Greg Watts <sup>7</sup>**


**Abstract:** The construction industry is a vital part of every nation's economy. Construction activities influence the social, environmental, and economic aspects of sustainability. There are so many barriers to sustainable construction and demolition waste management (C&DWM). This study aims to identify barriers for effective sustainable C&DWM in developed and developing countries. To achieve the objective, 11 barriers have been selected and identified based on an excessive and comprehensive literature review, and then reviewed by experts. These reviewed barriers were further examined by various experts within different organizations using a questionnaire survey. Ranking of the barriers was carried out using the Relative Importance Index (RI), and the results were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Practical solutions were proposed to overcome the identified barriers. The overall ranking of barriers by RI indicates that insufficient attention paid to C&DWM, lack of law enforcement, lack of regulation, and financial constraints represent the four major barriers to sustainable C&DWM in these countries. The findings of this study and the proposed solutions are enablers for decision-makers to develop effective strategies to tackle construction and demolition wastes in sustainable manners.

**Keywords:** barriers; sustainability; construction and demolition waste; waste management; relative importance index
